1. Inspection

Inspection should be done with the patient standing, while observing from behind. Have the patient remove enough clothing so the entire back and sacral area can be properly inspected.

1. Inspect the entire back for redness, asymmetry, deformity, scoliosis, or abnormal hair growth.
2. From the side, observe lumbar lordosis, which normally appears as a gentle, reverse C-shaped curve of the spine.

2. Palpation

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