During the COVID-19 pandemic, markets experienced a significant increase in demand for or reduced supply for goods, which in turn caused sellers to hike prices dramatically.

This phenomenon, known as price gouging, was particularly evident with necessities like hand sanitizers and face masks during the pandemic's early days. Items that were once affordable suddenly saw their prices skyrocket, with a bottle of hand sanitizer, for instance, being sold for many times its original price.

However, higher prices helped to limit hoarding, aiming to keep essential items in stock by discouraging people from buying more than they needed. If prices for hand sanitizers and masks had stayed low, it's likely that a few individuals would have bought them in large quantities, leaving others with none.

Nonetheless, price gouging has been widely criticized. Many argue that price gouging is unethical, especially since it places a heavier burden on those with limited financial resources, who are often hit hardest in times of crisis.

To combat price gouging, several jurisdictions implemented regulations that limited price increases during the pandemic. Additionally, to help those struggling financially, some governments provided direct financial assistance, ensuring that people could afford essentials without the need for price increases as a deterrent to hoarding. In areas where price gouging was not effectively controlled, and people faced financial hardships, the government, through various regulatory bodies, stepped in to provide direct financial assistance. This ensured that people could still afford essential goods and services despite the price hike.