Search engine optimization (SEO) has two key components: on-page and off-page SEO, each playing a crucial role in improving a website's visibility and performance in search engines. On-page SEO focuses on optimizing elements within the website itself to rank higher and attract more relevant traffic. This includes title tags, meta descriptions, URLs, content, and internal linking. Title tags should be descriptive and include relevant keywords, while meta descriptions serve as brief summaries to entice users. URLs need to be concise, and high-quality content with natural keyword use is essential. Internal linking, or connecting different pages within the site, helps search engines understand the site's structure and keeps users engaged. A fashion retailer, for instance, might use "Summer Collection" in titles, create simple URLs like "fashionstore.com/summer," and provide detailed, appealing content.

Off-page SEO, on the other hand, involves actions taken outside the website to enhance its authority and ranking. This includes building high-quality backlinks, which are links from other websites to yours, engaging in social media marketing, and collaborating with influencers or bloggers. Effective strategies include creating shareable content, analyzing competitors' backlinks, sponsoring events, running affiliate programs, and encouraging social shares. For example, a tech company might build backlinks by contributing articles to industry publications, promoting new products on social media, and partnering with popular tech influencers to strengthen its online presence.