Stock markets are platforms where buyers and sellers trade shares of publicly listed companies. They play a crucial role in the global economy by facilitating capital raising for businesses and offering investment opportunities for individuals and institutions. Stock markets provide a structured and regulated environment that ensures fair trading and price discovery, making them vital for financial stability and economic growth.

The primary market is where companies issue new shares through initial public offerings (IPOs) to raise funds. In contrast, the secondary market allows investors to trade these shares among themselves. Stock prices are influenced by various factors, including a company's financial performance, economic conditions, market sentiment, and geopolitical events.

Major global stock markets include the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), NASDAQ, London Stock Exchange, and Tokyo Stock Exchange. These markets operate during specific hours, and their indices, such as the S&P 500 or Dow Jones Industrial Average, serve as benchmarks for market performance.

Investors participate in stock markets for capital appreciation, dividends, or hedging against inflation. However, stock trading involves risks, including market volatility and potential capital loss. Understanding stock market fundamentals and adopting a disciplined investment approach are essential for effectively navigating this dynamic financial landscape.