post-surgical monitoring and hemodynamic evaluation following hemorrhagic shock in rats

Vascular Cannulation with Hemorrhagic Shock Induction in Rats

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a state of shock characterized by significant blood volume loss, resulting in tissue dysoxia. HS is a complex pathology that associates hemodynamic and metabolic changes along with pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Approximately 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributed to the hemorrhage and its consequences each year1. Current guidelines for care primarily involve intravenous fluid administration (supplemented or not with vasoactive molecules) and oxygen therapy. However, these treatments are symptomatic and can be ineffective, which explains why the HS-associated mortality remains high2. This justifies the importance of identifying new molecular and cellular mechanisms and, thus, treatments to reduce mortality.
Animal models allow for deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in diseases and testing new therapeutic strategies. Numerous animal models of hemorrhagic shock exist in the literature. These models differ not only in the species used but also in the means of inducing HS (e.g., fixed pressure vs. fixed volume) (Table 1, Table 2)3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. Also, protocols vary within the same type of model (e.g., time of hemorrhage, targeted mean arterial pressure) (Table 3)14,15,16,17,18,19,20. Considering the wide variety of existing hemorrhagic shock models and the complexity of replicating the clinical situation, the preclinical study of this pathology remains limited. The development of a reproducible, standardizable, and easy-to-implement hemorrhagic shock model is in everyone&#39;s interest. This would facilitate comparison between the various studies and thus unravel the complex pathophysiology of the hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this protocol was to develop a new clinically relevant model of hemorrhagic shock in rats using two successive phases of hemorrhage with fixed volume followed by a fixed low blood pressure phase.
Table 1: Species used as a model for hemorrhagic shock3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/66523/Table 1.xlsx" target="_blank">Please click here to download this Table.</a>
Table 2: The different types of hemorrhagic shock13. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/66523/Table 2.xlsx" target="_blank">Please click here to download this Table.</a>
Table 3: Example of the diversity of experimental models of hemorrhagic shock in rats induced by a fixed pressure protocol. Summary of parameters for different experimental models of hemorrhagic shock. Vessels shown in red are arteries, and those shown in blue are veins. For resuscitation, the volume of blood sampled is used as a reference (blood: resuscitation with a volume identical to that of blood sampled during shock; x2: resuscitation with a volume twice that of blood sampled during shock; x4: resuscitation with a volume four times that of blood sampled during shock). MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure; RL: Ringer Lactate14,15,16,17,18,19,20. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/66523/Table 3.xlsx" target="_blank">Please click here to download this Table.</a>

Author Spotlight: Developing Innovative Therapeutic Strategies for Hemorrhagic Shock Research

Developing a Clinically Relevant Hemorrhagic Shock Model in Rats

Hemorrhagic shock is responsible for two million deaths worldwide every year. We are studying the pathological mechanism of hemorrhagic shock, with the aim of identifying new targets, and thus proposing innovative therapeutic strategies. Hemorrhagic shock is a difficult condition in its own right, combining hemodynamic alteration with metabolic damage and organ dysfunctions.The variety of experimental protocols makes its study even more complex. In this study, we propose to develop a reproductive, standardized, and clinically relevant rat model of hemorrhagic shock. We hope that this model of hemorrhagic shock can become one of the standard models for future study.The use of a standard model would facilitate advances in the field, not least because it would make it possible to compare results between different teams working on hemorrhagic shock.

Post-Surgical Monitoring and Hemodynamic Evaluation Following Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Over the recent decades, the development of animal models allowed us to better understand various pathologies and identify new treatments. Hemorrhagic ...

Jugular Vein and Femoral Artery Cannulation with Hemorrhagic Shock Induction and Resuscitation in Rats