Name: demonstrating the uses of the novel gravitational force spectrometer to stretch and measure fibrous proteins
Uploaded: 2011-03-19T11:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Demonstrating the Uses of the Novel Gravitational Force Spectrometer to Stretch and Measure Fibrous Proteins at JoVE.com

基于这种材料是由国家科学基金会的支持下批准号0842736的工作。

小说“政府飞行服务队配置政府飞行服务队由几个基本组成部分：一个普通的光镜，赤道仪，一个摄像头，和一台电脑[图1]。根据政府飞行服务队的设计也是必不可少的密封流细胞室保存的样品。光镜下安装的赤道仪上，这样的范围可分为空间不同方向旋转。这种能力允许的静态重力向量被利用，使样品可以在向量动态导向，使重力可以传授piconewton程力载荷样品。相机取代光?...

<ol>
	<li>Schwaiger, I., Sattler, C., Hostetter, D. R., Rief, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+myosin+coiled-coil+is+a+truly+elastic+protein+structure.">The myosin coiled-coil is a truly elastic protein structure.</a> Nat. Mater. 1, 232-235 (2002).</li><li>Root, D. D., Yadavalli, V. M., Forbes, J. G., Wang, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coiled-coil+nanomechanics+and+uncoiling+and+unfolding+of+the+superhelix+and+alpha-helices+of+myosin.">Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin.</a> Biophysical Journal. 90, 2852-2866 (2006).</li><li>Nishizaka, T., Miyata, H., Yoshikawa, H., Ishiwata, S., Kinosita, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unbinding+force+of+a+single+motor+molecule+of+muscle+measured+using+optical+tweezers.">Unbinding force of a single motor molecule of muscle measured using optical tweezers.</a> Nature. 377, 251-254 (1995).</li><li>Gawalapu, R. K., Root, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+labeling+and+computational+analysis+of+the+strut+of+myosin's+50+kDa+cleft.">Fluorescence labeling and computational analysis of the strut of myosin's 50 kDa cleft.</a> Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 456, 102-111 (2006).</li><li>Kellermayer, M. S. Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualizing+and+manipulating+individual+protein.">Visualizing and manipulating individual protein.</a> Molecules Physiol. Meas. 26, R119-R153 (2005).</li><li>Shimizu, T., Dennis, J. E., Masaki, T., Fischman, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axial+arrangement+of+the+myosin+rod+in+vertebrate+thick+filaments:+immunoelectron+microscopy+with+a+monoclonal+antibody+to+light+meromyosin.">Axial arrangement of the myosin rod in vertebrate thick filaments: immunoelectron microscopy with a monoclonal antibody to light meromyosin.</a> J. Cell Biol. 101, 1115-1123 (1985).</li><li>Godfrey, J. E., Harrington, W. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-association+in+the+myosin+system+at+high+ionic+strength.+I.+Sensitivity+of+the+interaction+to+pH+and+ionic+environment.">Self-association in the myosin system at high ionic strength. I. Sensitivity of the interaction to pH and ionic environment.</a> Biochemistry. 9, 886-893 (1970).</li><li>Root, D. D., Stewart, S., Xu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+docking+of+myosin+and+actin+observed+with+resonance+energy+transfer.">Dynamic docking of myosin and actin observed with resonance energy transfer.</a> Biochemistry. 41, 1786-1794 (2002).</li><li>Xu, J., Root, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conformational+Selection+during+Weak+Binding+at+the+Actin+and+Myosin+Interface.">Conformational Selection during Weak Binding at the Actin and Myosin Interface.</a> Biophys. J. 79, 1498-1510 (2000).</li><li>Sattin, B. D., Pelling, A. E., Goh, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA+base+pair+resolution+by+single+molecule+force+spectroscopy.">DNA base pair resolution by single molecule force spectroscopy.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 4876-4883 (2004).</li></ol>

当转换到数字阈值的代表性的电影，它是为阈值的图像，以保持在每帧视频同一地区的关键。 ，因为在珠对珠彼此独立的，任何在阈值方面的漂移，也可能导致珠的重心之间的相对距离的漂移和引进重大错误。控制阈值面积减少的5倍，从26纳米的距离测量误差为5 nm。同样至关重要的是获得一个准确的测量半径为珠的珠子之间的比例，最终产生距离和力值的计算是非常重要的。 <p class="jove_conten...

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		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
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<tr>
<td>3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Poly Sciences</td>
<td>919-30-2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Acetone</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>A18P-4</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Pyridine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
<td>110-86-1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Glutaraldehyde</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>G7776</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Glycine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Research Organics</td>
<td>BP381-1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Tris</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>9682T</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sodium azide</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Amresco</td>
<td>71289</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>BSA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
<td>AMR-0332-100G</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>NaCl</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>S7653</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>EDTA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>MSI</td>
<td>E9884</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Nitrocellulose</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>60443</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>N-N Dimethyl Formamide</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Extracted from Large New </td>
<td>D4254</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Rabbit skeletal myosin II</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Zealand White Rabbits (7-8)</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MF30 antibody (9-10)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Developmental Studies </td>
<td>MF30</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MF20 antibody (6)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Hybridoma Bank</td>
<td>MF20</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Lab microscope</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Boreal</td>
<td>WW57905M00</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Equatorial mount</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Celestron</td>
<td>CG-5</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Digital video cam</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sony</td>
<td>XCDV60</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Caliper release</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cabelas</td>
<td>IA-415482</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Compression spring</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Jones Spring Co.</td>
<td>723</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Extension spring</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Jones Spring Co. </td>
<td>770</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>ImageJ</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>NIH</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Fire-i drivers &amp; application </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Unibrain</td>
<td>3.80</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Excel</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Microsoft</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
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demonstrating the uses of the novel gravitational force spectrometer to stretch and measure fibrous proteins

大分子结构的研究已成为澄清的分子机制和功能的关键。有能力的测试力量的依赖在蛋白质的结构特点的几个有限的，但重要的bioinstruments。规模一直是限制参数准确，研究人员可以窥视奈米世界的分子，如核酸，酶，和电机蛋白质，执行维持生命的工作。原子力显微镜（AFM）以及纤维蛋白的​​天然结构调整，以确定用电子显微镜看齐的距离分辨率。然而，在AFM力研究，是典型的力量远远比单个分子可能会遇到1，2。光陷阱（OT）的确定被困珠之间的相对距离都非常好，他们可以传授非常小的力量3。然而，他们不屈服正在研究分子的精确的绝对长度。分子模拟提供支持的信息，这样的实验，但在有限的能力来处理同样大的分子大小，长的时间框架，并说服一些研究人员在没有其他辅助证据2，4的情况下。 引力谱仪（队）的能力提供了一个独特的组合，填补了一个调查阿森纳一个关键的利基。该仪器能产生力量通常用98％或更好的精度从femtonewton范围nanonewton范围。目前距离测量，是能够解决绝对分子长度下降到5纳米，和相对珠对类似的光学陷阱与精密分离距离的。此外，政府飞行服务队可以确定伸展或开卷的力量接近平衡是，或提供了一个分级的力量，对任何测量的结构性变化并列。它甚至有可能，以确定有多少个氨基酸残基参与开卷事件在生理负荷力2。在那里有广泛的力量，必须先于任何检测的校准方法不同，政府飞行服务队的要求没有这样的力量校准5。通过其他方法的补充优势，政府飞行服务队会的桥梁，在了解至关重要的蛋白质等大分子的纳米力学的差距。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Demonstrating the Uses of the Novel Gravitational Force Spectrometer to Stretch and Measure Fibrous Proteins at JoVE.com

Demonstrating the Uses of the Novel Gravitational Force Spectrometer to Stretch and Measure Fibrous Proteins

这是一步一步引导显示的目的，操作，和代表从小说的引力谱仪结果。

展示新型引力光谱仪的使用拉伸和测量纤维蛋白

The study of macromolecular structure has become critical to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms and function. There are several limited, but ...

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Axon Stretch Growth: The Mechanotransduction of Neuronal Growth

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Our  understanding of the interaction of leukocytes and the vessel wall during  leukocyte capture is limited by an incomplete understanding of the ...

In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint

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原位压极限和骨牙周韧带齿纤维联合的相关性无创成像

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A Novel Method for Localizing Reporter Fluorescent Beads Near the Cell Culture Surface for Traction Force Microscopy

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PA gels have long been used as a platform to study cell traction forces due to ease of fabrication and the ability to tune their elastic properties. When ...

An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by Gallium(III) and H3 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corroles

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一个<em&gt;在体外</em&gt;酶测定来测量转录抑制作用镓（Ⅲ）和H<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; -5,10,15-三（五氟苯基）corroles

Chemotherapy often involves broad-spectrum cytotoxic agents with many side effects and limited targeting. Corroles are a class of tetrapyrrolic ...

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Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

合并一个液滴后荧光恢复来衡量磷脂单层的二维扩散

We introduce a new method to measure the lateral diffusivity of a surfactant monolayer at the fluid-fluid interface, called fluorescence recovery after ...

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

高速的sub-GHz光谱仪激布里渊散射分析

The goal of this protocol is to build a parallel high-extinction and high-resolution optical Brillouin spectrometer. Brillouin spectroscopy is a ...

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一种利用共振能量转移（FRET）的生物传感器-force议定书衡量所有核LINC复杂的机械力

The LINC complex has been hypothesized to be the critical structure that mediates the transfer of mechanical forces from the cytoskeleton to the nucleus. ...