Name: preparation of 3d fibrin scaffolds for stem cell culture applications
Uploaded: 2012-03-02T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of 3D Fibrin Scaffolds for Stem Cell Culture Applications at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gerne takke NSERC Discovery Grant 402462 &quot;manipuleret væv stilladser til styring af induceret pluripotente stamcelle adfærd&quot;.

Bemærkninger, før du starter protokol: Fibrinogen er en blod afledt protein og dermed relevant uddannelse i sikkerhed skal være afsluttet inden håndtering. Denne protokol kræver 2 dage at fuldføre så tiden de ønskede stamceller kulturer hensigtsmæssigt at sikre, at de er klar til såning. I form af beregningen hvor meget fibrinogen at afveje tre 35 mm petriskåle i tris-bufret saltvand (TBS, pH 7,4) indeholdende 110 til 130 mg fibrinogen opløses i 3 ml TBS vil være tilstrækkelig til at fremb...

<ol>
	<li>Keung, A. J., Healy, K. E., Kumar, S., Schaffer, D. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biophysics+and+dynamics+of+natural+and+engineered+stem+cell+microenvironments.">Biophysics and dynamics of natural and engineered stem cell microenvironments.</a> Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Syst. Biol. Med. 2, 49-64 (2010).</li><li>Willerth, S. M., Sakiyama-Elbert, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combining+stem+cells+and+biomaterial+scaffolds+for+constructing+tissues+and+cell+delivery.">Combining stem cells and biomaterial scaffolds for constructing tissues and cell delivery.</a> StemBook. , (2008).</li><li>Lee, J., Cuddihy, M. J., Kotov, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+cell+culture+matrices:+state+of+the+art.">Three-dimensional cell culture matrices: state of the art.</a> Tissue Eng. Part B Rev. 14, 61-86 (2008).</li><li>Ahmed, T. A., Dare, E. V., Hincke, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibrin:+a+versatile+scaffold+for+tissue+engineering+applications.">Fibrin: a versatile scaffold for tissue engineering applications.</a> Tissue Eng. Part B Rev. 14, 199-215 (2008).</li><li>Breen, A., O'Brien, T., Pandit, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibrin+as+a+delivery+system+for+therapeutic+drugs+and+biomolecules.">Fibrin as a delivery system for therapeutic drugs and biomolecules.</a> Tissue Eng. Part B Rev. 15, 201-214 (2009).</li><li>Willerth, S. M., Faxel, T. E., Gottlieb, D. I., Sakiyama-Elbert, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+soluble+growth+factors+on+embryonic+stem+cell+differentiation+inside+of+fibrin+scaffolds.">The effects of soluble growth factors on embryonic stem cell differentiation inside of fibrin scaffolds.</a> Stem Cells. 25, 2235-2244 (2007).</li><li>Willerth, S. M., Arendas, K. J., Gottlieb, D. I., Sakiyama-Elbert, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+fibrin+scaffolds+for+differentiation+of+murine+embryonic+stem+cells+into+neural+lineage+cells.">Optimization of fibrin scaffolds for differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells into neural lineage cells.</a> Biomaterials. 27, 5990-6003 (2006).</li><li>Gorodetsky, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibrin+Microbeads+Loaded+with+Mesenchymal+Cells+Support+Their+Long-Term+Survival+While+Sealed+at+Room+Temperature.">Fibrin Microbeads Loaded with Mesenchymal Cells Support Their Long-Term Survival While Sealed at Room Temperature.</a> Tissue Eng. Part C Methods. , (2011).</li><li>Barsotti, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibrin+acts+as+biomimetic+niche+inducing+both+differentiation+and+stem+cell+marker+expression+of+early+human+endothelial+progenitor+cells.">Fibrin acts as biomimetic niche inducing both differentiation and stem cell marker expression of early human endothelial progenitor cells.</a> Cell Prolif. 44, 33-48 (2011).</li><li>Park, J. S., Yang, H. N., Woo, D. G., Jeon, S. Y., Park, K. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chondrogenesis+of+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+fibrin+constructs+evaluated+in+vitro+and+in+nude+mouse+and+rabbit+defects+models.">Chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin constructs evaluated in vitro and in nude mouse and rabbit defects models.</a> Biomaterials. 32, 1495-1507 (2011).</li><li>Mooney, R., Tawil, B., Mahoney, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specific+fibrinogen+and+thrombin+concentrations+promote+neuronal+rather+than+glial+growth+when+primary+neural+cells+are+seeded+within+plasma-derived+fibrin+gels.">Specific fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations promote neuronal rather than glial growth when primary neural cells are seeded within plasma-derived fibrin gels.</a> Tissue Eng. Part A. 16, 1607-1619 (2010).</li><li>Liu, H., Collins, S. F., Suggs, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+culture+for+expansion+and+differentiation+of+mouse+embryonic+stem+cells.">Three-dimensional culture for expansion and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.</a> Biomaterials. 27, 6004-6014 (2006).</li><li>Dellenback, R. J., Chien, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+extinction+coefficient+of+fibrinogen+from+man,+dog,+elephant,+sheep,+and+goat+at+280+mmu.">The extinction coefficient of fibrinogen from man, dog, elephant, sheep, and goat at 280 mmu.</a> Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 134, 353-355 (1970).</li><li>Bain, G., Kitchens, D., Yao, M., Huettner, J. E., Gottlieb, D. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+stem+cells+express+neuronal+properties+in+vitro.">Embryonic stem cells express neuronal properties in vitro.</a> Dev. Biol. 168, 342-357 (1995).</li><li>Li, X. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directed+differentiation+of+ventral+spinal+progenitors+and+motor+neurons+from+human+embryonic+stem+cells+by+small+molecules.">Directed differentiation of ventral spinal progenitors and motor neurons from human embryonic stem cells by small molecules.</a> Stem Cells. 26, 886-893 (2008).</li><li>Lorentz, K. M., Kontos, S., Frey, P., Hubbell, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineered+aprotinin+for+improved+stability+of+fibrin+biomaterials.">Engineered aprotinin for improved stability of fibrin biomaterials.</a> Biomaterials. 32, 430-438 (2011).</li><li>Willerth, S. M., Rader, A., Sakiyama-Elbert, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+controlled+growth+factor+delivery+on+embryonic+stem+cell+differentiation+inside+fibrin+scaffolds.">The effect of controlled growth factor delivery on embryonic stem cell differentiation inside fibrin scaffolds.</a> Stem Cell Res. 1, 205-218 (2008).</li><li>Chen, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+improvement+of+focal+cerebral+ischemia+injury+by+subdural+transplantation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+with+fibrin+glue.">Functional improvement of focal cerebral ischemia injury by subdural transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cells with fibrin glue.</a> Stem Cells Dev. 19, 1757-1767 (2010).</li></ol>

Denne protokol beskrevet ovenfor tilvejebringer en fremgangsmåde til generering af 3D fibrin stilladser til pluripotente stamcelle kultur specifikt muse embryonale og inducerede pluripotente stamceller. Denne 3D biomateriale baseret kultur system mere nøjagtigt efterligner stamcelle niche findes in vivo, og som følge heraf kan det anvendes til at screene biologiske signaler for at bestemme deres virkninger på stamcelle-differentiation 6. Vore observationer har vist, at disse scaffolds ve...

Nødvendigt udstyr: Analysevægt pH-meter Vævskultur-inkubator (37 ° C, 5% CO 2) Magnetrøreplade Spektrofotometer Steril vævskultur hætte Tris-pufret saltvand (pH 7,4) (Brug 4 L plus tilstrækkeligt til at opløse fibrinogen) 50 mM calciumchloridopløsning Sterile koniske rør (15 eller 50 mL) 35 mm Petriskåle Dialyserør (7000 MW afskæring) Dialyse klip 5,0 um sprøjtefiltre Enkeltportioner sterile 0,22 um sprøjtefiltre Sprøjte 24-brønds vævskulturplader <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Navn på reagenset </td><td> Firma </td><td> Katalog nummer </td><td> Kommentarer </td></tr><tr><td> Fibrinogen (human) </td><td> Calbiochem </td><td> 341578 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Thrombin (human) </td><td> Sigma </td><td> T7009 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

preparation of 3d fibrin scaffolds for stem cell culture applications

Stamceller findes i naturligt forekommende 3D ​​mikromiljøer in vivo, hvilket ofte omtales som stamcellen niche 1. Dyrkning stamceller indersiden af 3D biomateriale stilladser tilvejebringer en måde til præcist efterligner disse mikromiljøer, hvilket giver en fordel i forhold til traditionelle 2D dyrkningsmetoder med polystyren samt en fremgangsmåde til splejsning af udskiftning af væv 2. Mens 2D vævskultur polystyren er blevet anvendt til de fleste celledyrkningsforsøg kan 3D biomateriale scaffolds nærmere replikere mikromiljøer fundet in vivo ved at muliggøre mere nøjagtig fastlæggelse af celle polaritet i miljøet, og som besidder biokemiske og mekaniske egenskaber svarende til blødt væv. 3. En række naturligt afledte og syntetiske biomateriale scaffolds er blevet undersøgt som 3D-miljøer til understøtning stamcelle vækst. Medens syntetiske stilladser kan syntetiseres til at have en større rAnge af mekaniske og kemiske egenskaber og har ofte en større reproducerbarhed, er naturlige biomaterialer ofte sammensat af proteiner og polysaccharider, der findes i den ekstracellulære matrix og som et resultat indeholder bindingssteder for celleadhæsion og let støtte cellekultur. Fibrin stilladser, fremstillet ved polymerisering af proteinet fibrinogen fra plasma, har været bredt undersøgt til forskellige vævsdyrkningsapplikationer både in vitro og in vivo 4. Sådanne stilladser kan modificeres ved anvendelse af en række fremgangsmåder til at optage systemer med kontrolleret frigivelse til afgivelse af terapeutiske faktorer 5. Tidligere arbejde har vist, at sådanne stilladser kan anvendes til vellykket dyrkning embryonale stamceller og denne scaffold-baserede kultursystem kan anvendes til at screene virkningerne af forskellige vækstfaktorer på differentiering af stamcellerne podet ind 6,7. Denne protokol detaljer processen med polymerizing fibrin stilladser fra fibrinogen løsninger ved hjælp af den enzymatiske aktivitet af thrombin. Processen tager 2 dage at gennemføre, herunder en dialyse natten skridt for fibrinogenopløsning at fjerne citrater, der hæmmer polymerisering. Disse detaljerede fremgangsmåder er afhængige af fibrinogenkoncentrationer bestemt til at være optimal for embryonisk og induceret pluripotente stamcelle kultur. Andre grupper har yderligere undersøgt fibrin stilladser til en lang række celletyper og anvendelser - viser alsidigheden af denne fremgangsmåde 8-12.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of 3D Fibrin Scaffolds for Stem Cell Culture Applications at JoVE.com

Preparation of 3D Fibrin Scaffolds for Stem Cell Culture Applications

Dette arbejde nærmere udarbejdelse af 3D fibrin stilladser til dyrkning og differentiering plutipotent stamceller. Sådanne stilladser kan anvendes til at screene virkningerne af forskellige biologiske forbindelser på stamceller adfærd såvel som modificeret til at indeholde medikamentudleveringssystemer.

Udarbejdelse af 3D Fibrin stilladser til Stem celledyrkningsapplikationer

Stem cells are found in naturally occurring 3D microenvironments in vivo, which are often referred to as the stem cell niche 1. Culturing stem cells ...

preparation-of-3d-fibrin-scaffolds-for-stem-cell-culture-applications

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Self-reporting Scaffolds for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

Culturing cells in 3D on appropriate scaffolds is thought to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment and increase cell-cell interactions. The resulting 3D cellular construct can often be more relevant to studying the molecular events and cell-cell interactions than similar experiments studied in 2D. To create effective 3D cultures with high cell viability throughout the scaffold the culture conditions such as oxygen and pH need to be carefully controlled as gradients in analyte concentration can exist throughout the 3D construct. Here we describe the methods of preparing biocompatible pH responsive sol-gel nanosensors and their incorporation into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun scaffolds along with their subsequent preparation for the culture of mammalian cells. The pH responsive scaffolds can be used as tools to determine microenvironmental pH within a 3D cellular construct. Furthermore, we detail the delivery of pH responsive nanosensors to the intracellular environment of mammalian cells whose growth was supported by electrospun PLGA scaffolds. The cytoplasmic location of the pH responsive nanosensors can be utilized to monitor intracellular pH (pHi) during ongoing experimentation.

Biocompatible pH responsive sol-gel nanosensors can be incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun scaffolds. The produced self-reporting scaffolds can be used for in&#160;situ monitoring of microenvironmental conditions whilst culturing cells upon the scaffold. This is beneficial as the 3D cellular construct can be monitored in real-time without disturbing the experiment.

Selvrapportering Stilladser for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

Culturing cells in 3D on appropriate scaffolds is thought to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment and increase cell-cell interactions. The resulting ...

Sample Preparation Strategies for Mass Spectrometry Imaging of 3D Cell Culture Models

Three dimensional cell cultures are attractive models for biological research. They combine the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of cell culture with some of the spatial and molecular complexity of tissue. For example, many cell lines form 3D structures given appropriate in vitro conditions. Colon cancer cell lines form 3D cell culture spheroids, in vitro mimics of avascular tumor nodules. While immunohistochemistry and other classical imaging methods are popular for monitoring the distribution of specific analytes, mass spectrometric imaging examines the distribution of classes of molecules in an unbiased fashion. While MALDI mass spectrometric imaging was originally developed to interrogate samples obtained from humans or animal models, this report describes the analysis of in vitro three dimensional cell cultures, including improvements in sample preparation strategies. Herein is described methods for growth, harvesting, sectioning, washing, and analysis of 3D cell cultures via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging. Using colon carcinoma 3D cell cultures as a model system, this protocol demonstrates the ability to monitor analytes in an unbiased fashion across the 3D cell culture system with MALDI-MSI.

Immortalized cancer cell lines can be grown as 3D cell cultures, a valuable model for biological research. This protocol describes mass spectrometry imaging of 3D cell cultures, including improvements in the sample preparation platform. The goal of this protocol is to instruct users to prepare 3D cell cultures for mass spectrometry imaging analysis.

Prøve Forberedelse Strategier for massespektrometri Imaging af 3D cellekulturmodeller

Three dimensional cell cultures are attractive models for biological research. They combine the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of cell culture with ...

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

Human articular cartilage is highly susceptible to damage and has limited self-repair and regeneration potential. Cell-based strategies to engineer cartilage tissue offer a promising solution to repair articular cartilage. To select the optimal cell source for tissue repair, it is important to develop an appropriate culture platform to systematically examine the biological and biomechanical differences in the tissue-engineered cartilage by different cell sources. Here we applied a three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic hydrogel culture platform to systematically examine cartilage regeneration potential of juvenile, adult, and osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes. The 3D biomimetic hydrogel consisted of synthetic component poly(ethylene glycol) and bioactive component chondroitin sulfate, which provides a physiologically relevant microenvironment for in vitro culture of chondrocytes. In addition, the scaffold may be potentially used for cell delivery for cartilage repair in vivo. Cartilage tissue engineered in the scaffold can be evaluated using quantitative gene expression, immunofluorescence staining, biochemical assays, and mechanical testing. Utilizing these outcomes, we were able to characterize the differential regenerative potential of chondrocytes of varying age, both at the gene expression level and in the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the engineered cartilage tissue. The 3D culture model could be applied to investigate the molecular and functional differences among chondrocytes and progenitor cells from different stages of normal or aberrant development.

Cartilage repair represents an unmet medical challenge and cell-based approaches to engineer human articular cartilage are a promising solution. Here, we describe three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic hydrogels as an ideal tool for the expansion and maturation of human articular chondrocytes.

3D Hydrogel stillads til Artikulære chondrocyt Kultur og brusk Generation

Human articular cartilage is highly susceptible to damage and has limited self-repair and regeneration potential. Cell-based strategies to engineer ...

Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

Biometal systems have been widely used for biomedical applications, in particular, as load-bearing materials. However, major challenges are high stiffness and low bioactivity of metals. In this study, we have developed a new method towards fabricating a new type of bioactive and mechanically reliable porous metal scaffolds-densified porous Ti scaffolds. The method consists of two fabrication processes, 1) the fabrication of porous Ti scaffolds by dynamic freeze casting, and 2) coating and densification of the porous scaffolds. The dynamic freeze casting method to fabricate porous Ti scaffolds allowed the densification of porous scaffolds by minimizing the chemical contamination and structural defects. The densification process is distinctive for three reasons. First, the densification process is simple, because it requires a control of only one parameter (degree of densification). Second, it is effective, as it achieves mechanical enhancement and sustainable release of biomolecules from porous scaffolds. Third, it has broad applications, as it is also applicable to the fabrication of functionally graded porous scaffolds by spatially varied strain during densification.

Bioactive and mechanically reliable metal scaffolds have been fabricated through a method which consists of two processes, dynamic freeze casting for the fabrication of porous Ti, and coating and densification of the Ti scaffolds. The densification process is simple, effective and applicable to the fabrication of functionally graded scaffolds.

Fabrikation af mekanisk Tunable og bioaktive Metal Stilladser til biomedicinske anvendelser

Biometal systems have been widely used for biomedical applications, in particular, as load-bearing materials. However, major challenges are high stiffness ...

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

In vitro platforms to study endothelial cells and vascular biology are largely limited to 2D endothelial cell culture, flow chambers with polymer or glass based substrates, and hydrogel-based tube formation assays. These assays, while informative, do not recapitulate lumen geometry, proper extracellular matrix, and multi-cellular proximity, which play key roles in modulating vascular function. This manuscript describes an injection molding method to generate engineered vessels with diameters on the order of 100 &#181;m. Microvessels are fabricated by seeding endothelial cells in a microfluidic channel embedded within a native type I collagen hydrogel. By incorporating parenchymal cells within the collagen matrix prior to channel formation, specific tissue microenvironments can be modeled and studied. Additional modulations of hydrodynamic properties and media composition allow for control of complex vascular function within the desired microenvironment. This platform allows for the study of perivascular cell recruitment, blood-endothelium interactions, flow response, and tissue-microvascular interactions. Engineered microvessels offer the ability to isolate the influence from individual components of a vascular niche and precisely control its chemical, mechanical, and biological properties to study vascular biology in both health and disease.

This manuscript presents an injection molding method to engineer microvessels that recapitulate physiological properties of endothelium. The microfluidic-based process creates patent 3D vascular networks with tailorable conditions, such as flow, cellular composition, geometry, and biochemical gradients. The fabrication process and examples of potential applications are described.

Micropatterning og Samling af 3D mikrokar

In vitro platforms to study endothelial cells and vascular biology are largely limited to 2D endothelial cell culture, flow chambers with polymer or glass ...

Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Click chemistries have been investigated for use in numerous biomaterials applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell culture. In particular, light-mediated click reactions, such as photoinitiated thiol&#8722;ene and thiol&#8722;yne reactions, afford spatiotemporal control over material properties and allow the design of systems with a high degree of user-directed property control. Fabrication and modification of hydrogel-based biomaterials using the precision afforded by light and the versatility offered by these thiol&#8722;X photoclick chemistries are of growing interest, particularly for the culture of cells within well-defined, biomimetic microenvironments. Here, we describe methods for the photoencapsulation of cells and subsequent photopatterning of biochemical cues within hydrogel matrices using versatile and modular building blocks polymerized by a thiol&#8722;ene photoclick reaction. Specifically, an approach is presented for constructing hydrogels from allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc)-functionalized peptide crosslinks and pendant peptide moieties and thiol-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) that rapidly polymerize in the presence of lithium acylphosphinate photoinitiator and cytocompatible doses of long wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light. Facile techniques to visualize photopatterning and quantify the concentration of peptides added are described. Additionally, methods are established for encapsulating cells, specifically human mesenchymal stem cells, and determining their viability and activity. While the formation and initial patterning of thiol-alloc hydrogels are shown here, these techniques broadly may be applied to a number of other light and radical-initiated material systems (e.g., thiol-norbornene, thiol-acrylate) to generate patterned substrates.

We describe a sequential process for light-mediated formation and subsequent biochemical patterning of synthetic hydrogel matrices for three-dimensional cell culture applications. The construction and modification of hydrogels with cytocompatible photoclick chemistry is demonstrated. Additionally, facile techniques to quantify and observe patterns and determine cell viability within these hydrogels are presented.

Light-medieret dannelse og mønsterdannelse af hydrogeler til celledyrkningsapplikationer

Click chemistries have been investigated for use in numerous biomaterials applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell culture. In ...

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Here, we present a step-by-step preparation of a 3D, biodegradable, foam-like cell scaffold. These scaffolds were prepared by cross-linking star block co-polymers featuring cholesterol units as side-chain pendant groups, resulting in smectic-A (SmA) liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). Foam-like scaffolds, prepared using metal templates, feature interconnected microchannels, making them suitable as 3D cell culture scaffolds. The combined properties of the regular structure of the metal foam and of the elastomer result in a 3D cell scaffold that promotes not only higher cell proliferation compared to conventional porous templated films, but also better management of mass transport (i.e., nutrients, gases, waste, etc.). The nature of the metal template allows for the easy manipulation of foam shapes (i.e., rolls or films) and for the preparation of scaffolds of different pore sizes for different cell studies while preserving the interconnected porous nature of the template. The etching process does not affect the chemistry of the elastomers, preserving their biocompatible and biodegradable nature. We show that these smectic LCEs, when grown for extensive time periods, enable the study of clinically relevant and complex tissue constructs while promoting the growth and proliferation of cells.

This study presents a methodology to prepare 3D, biodegradable, foam-like cell scaffolds based on biocompatible side-chain liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). Confocal microscopy experiments show that foam-like LCEs allow for cell attachment, proliferation, and the spontaneous alignment of C2C12s myoblasts.

Syntese af Biokompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Skum som Cell Stilladser til 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Here, we present a step-by-step preparation of a 3D, biodegradable, foam-like cell scaffold. These scaffolds were prepared by cross-linking star block ...

Construction of a Multilayered Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheet with a 3D Dynamic Culture System

Stem cell therapy shows a promising future in regenerating injured organ and tissues, and the cell sheet technique has been developed to improve the low cell retention and poor survival within the target zone. However, during the in vitro construction process, a solution for maintaining stem cell bioactivity and increasing the cell amount within the cell sheet is urgently needed. Here, this protocol presents a method for constructing a multilayered cell sheet with favorable stem cell bioactivity and optimal operability. Decellularized porcine pericardium (DPP) is prepared by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) decellularization method as the cell sheet scaffold, and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are isolated and expanded as the seeded cells. The temporary multilayered cell sheet structure is constructed by using RAD16-I peptide hydrogel. Finally, the cell sheet is cultured with a dynamic perfusion system to stabilize the three-dimensional (3D) structure, and the cell sheet could be obtained following a 48-hour culture in vitro. This protocol provides an efficient and feasible method for constructing a multilayered stem cell sheet, and the cell sheet could be developed as a favorable stem cell therapy product in the future.

This article provides an efficient and feasible method for constructing multilayered stem cell sheets with favorable stem cell property.

Opførelse af et flerlaget mesenkymale stamceller ark med en 3D dynamisk kultur System

Stem cell therapy shows a promising future in regenerating injured organ and tissues, and the cell sheet technique has been developed to improve the low ...

A Culture Method to Maintain Quiescent Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), like other mammalian HSCs, maintain lifelong hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. HSCs remain quiescent in vivo, unlike more differentiated progenitors, and enter the cell cycle rapidly after chemotherapy or irradiation to treat bone marrow injury or in vitro culture. By mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment in the presence of abundant fatty acids, cholesterol, low concentration of cytokines, and hypoxia, human HSCs maintain quiescence in vitro. Here, a detailed protocol for maintaining functional HSCs in the quiescent state in vitro is described. This method will enable studies of the behavior of human HSCs under physiological conditions.

This protocol enables the maintenance of quiescent human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro by mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment using abundant fatty acids, cholesterol, lower concentrations of cytokines, and hypoxia.

En kultur metode til at opretholde hvilende humane hæmatopoietiske stamceller

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), like other mammalian HSCs, maintain lifelong hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. HSCs remain quiescent in vivo, ...

Preparation and Characterization of Graphene-Based 3D Biohybrid Hydrogel Bioink for Peripheral Neuroengineering

Peripheral neuropathies can occur as a result of axonal damage, and occasionally due to demyelinating diseases. Peripheral nerve damage is a global problem that occurs in 1.5%-5% of emergency patients and may lead to significant job losses. Today, tissue engineering-based approaches, consisting of scaffolds, appropriate cell lines, and biosignals, have become more applicable with the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies. The combination of various hydrogel biomaterials with stem cells, exosomes, or bio-signaling molecules is frequently studied to overcome the existing problems in peripheral nerve regeneration. Accordingly, the production of injectable systems, such as hydrogels, or implantable conduit structures formed by various bioprinting methods has gained importance in peripheral neuro-engineering. Under normal conditions, stem cells are the regenerative cells of the body, and their number and functions do not decrease with time to protect their populations; these are not specialized cells but can differentiate upon appropriate stimulation in response to injury. The stem cell system is under the influence of its microenvironment, called the stem cell niche. In peripheral nerve injuries, especially in neurotmesis, this microenvironment cannot be fully rescued even after surgically binding severed nerve endings together. The composite biomaterials and combined cellular therapies approach increases the functionality and applicability of materials in terms of various properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and processability. Accordingly, this study aims to demonstrate the preparation and use of graphene-based biohybrid hydrogel patterning and to examine the differentiation efficiency of stem cells into nerve cells, which can be an effective solution in nerve regeneration.

In this manuscript, we demonstrate the preparation of a biohybrid hydrogel bioink containing graphene for use in peripheral tissue engineering. Using this 3D biohybrid material, the neural differentiation protocol of stem cells is performed. This can be an important step in bringing similar biomaterials to the clinic.

Forberedelse og karakterisering af grafenbaseret 3D biohybrid hydrogel bioink til perifer neuroengineering

Peripheral neuropathies can occur as a result of axonal damage, and occasionally due to demyelinating diseases. Peripheral nerve damage is a global ...