Name: the portable chemical sterilizer (pcs), d-fens, and d-fend all: novel chlorine dioxide decontamination technologies for the military
Uploaded: 2014-06-29T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Portable Chemical Sterilizer PCS, D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military at JoVE.com

作者要感谢他们的感激之情美国陆军环境质量6.1基础研究发展计划，外科研究的美国陆军研究所和NSRDEC的持续产品改进计划，并远征大本营TECD为这项工作提供资金。我们感谢亚当Driks（Loyola大学医学中心），在图6B中所示的显微照片。

1，便携式化学消毒（PCS） <ol><li>设备。在PCS是一个创新的设备为便携式，能独立使用点的医用灭菌。就此而言，商业鹈鹕硬质塑料手提箱被饰以特殊设计特点，以适应灭菌（ 图1）。 </li><li>设备设计。 a）一个广口的反应容器接收到的干化学试剂和水; B）安装在墙上的情况下两个止回阀缓解压力1磅; c）一种过滤入口阀允许空气被泵在冲洗腔室; D）循环管分配空气通过室灭菌后;五）...

<ol>
	<li>Curtin, M. A., Taub, I. A., Kustin, K., Sao, N., Duvall, J. R., Davies, K., Doona, C. J., Ross, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ascorbate-induced+oxidation+of+formate+by+peroxodisulfate:+product+yields,+kinetics+and+mechanism.">Ascorbate-induced oxidation of formate by peroxodisulfate: product yields, kinetics and mechanism.</a> Research on Chemical Intermediates. 30 (6), 647-661 (2004).</li><li>Curtin, M. A., Dwyer, S., Bukvic, D., Doona, C. J., Kustin, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinetics+and+mechanism+of+the+reduction+of+sodium+chlorite+by+sodium+hydrogen+ascorbate+in+aqueous+solution+at+near-neutral+pH.">Kinetics and mechanism of the reduction of sodium chlorite by sodium hydrogen ascorbate in aqueous solution at near-neutral pH.</a> International Journal of Chemical Kinetics. 46 (4), 216-219 (2014).</li><li>Doona, C. J., Curtin, M. A., Feeherry, F. E., Kandlikar, S., Baer, D., Kustin, K., Taub, I., McManus, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Portable Chemical Sterilizer., U.S. Patent Number 7,625,533. , (2009).</li><li>Doona, C. J., Curtin, M. A., Taub, I. A., Kustin, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Chemical Combination for the Generation of Disinfectant and Heat., U.S. Patent Number 7,883,640. , (2011).</li><li>Doona, C. J., Feeherry, F. E., Kustin, K., Curtin, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Process for producing aqueous chlorine dioxide for surface disinfection and decontamination., U.S. Patent Application Number 8,337,717. , (2012).</li><li>Doona, C. J., Feeherry, F. E., Kustin, K., Feng, H., Grove, S., Krishnamurthy, K., Lee, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Combining sanitizers and nonthermal processing technologies to improve fresh-cut produce safety. In: Electron beam pasteurization and complementary food processing technologies. , (2014).</li><li>Feeherry, F. E., Doona, C. J., Taub, I. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+water+activity+on+the+growth+kinetics+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+in+ground+bread+crumb.">Effect of water activity on the growth kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus in ground bread crumb.</a> Journal of Food Science. 68 (3), 982 (2003).</li><li>Feeherry, F. E., Munsey, D. T., Rowley, D. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermal+inactivation+and+injury+of+Bacillus+stearothermophilus+spores.">Thermal inactivation and injury of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores.</a> Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 53 (2), 365 (1987).</li><li>G&#243;mez-L&#243;pez, V. M., Devlieghere, F., Ragaert, P., Debevere, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shelf-life+extension+of+minimally+processed+carrots+by+gaseous+chlorine+dioxide.">Shelf-life extension of minimally processed carrots by gaseous chlorine dioxide.</a> International Journal of Food Microbiology. 116, 221 (2007).</li><li>Mahmoud, B. S. M., Bhagat, A. R., Linton, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inactivation+kinetics+of+inoculated+Escherichia+coli+O157:H7,+Listeria+monocytogenes,+and+Salmonella+enterica+on+strawberries+by+chlorine+dioxide+gas.">Inactivation kinetics of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica on strawberries by chlorine dioxide gas.</a> Food Microbiology. 24 (7-8), 736 (2007).</li><li>Mahmoud, B. S. M., Linton, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inactivation+kinetics+of+inoculated+Escherichia+coli+O175:H7+and+Salmonella+enterica+on+lettuce+by+chlorine+dioxide+gas.">Inactivation kinetics of inoculated Escherichia coli O175:H7 and Salmonella enterica on lettuce by chlorine dioxide gas.</a> Food Microbiology. 25 (2), 244 (2008).</li><li>Kim, Y. -. J., Lee, S. -. H., Park, J. i., Park, J. o., Chung, M., Kwon, K., Chung, K., Won, M., Song, K. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inactivation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157:H7,+Salmonella+typhimurium,+and+Listeria+monocytogenes+on+stored+iceberg+lettuce+by+aqueous+chlorine+dioxide+treatment.">Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on stored iceberg lettuce by aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment.</a> Journal of Food Science. 73 (9), (2008).</li><li>Park, E. -. J., Gray, P. M., Oh, S. -. W., Kronenberg, J., Kang, D. -. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+FIT+produce+wash+and+chlorine+dioxide+on+pathogen+control+in+fresh+potatoes.">Efficacy of FIT produce wash and chlorine dioxide on pathogen control in fresh potatoes.</a> Journal of Food Science. 73 (6), (2008).</li><li>Setlow, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+Spores.">Bacterial Spores.</a> Industrial Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Supplement 10, (2011).</li><li>Setlow, P., Doona, C. J., Feeherry, F. E., Kustin, K., Sisson, D., Chandra, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+Safety+and+Extended+Shelf+Life+of+Fresh+Produce+for+the+Military.">Enhanced Safety and Extended Shelf Life of Fresh Produce for the Military.</a> Microbial Safety of Fresh Produce. , 263-288 (2009).</li><li>Taub, I. A., Roberts, W., LaGambina, S., Kustin, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanism+of+Dihydrogen+Formation+in+the+Magnesium&#8722;Water+Reaction.">Mechanism of Dihydrogen Formation in the Magnesium&#8722;Water Reaction.</a> Journal of Physical Chemistry. 106 (35), 8070 (2002).</li><li>Young, S. B., Setlow, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+killing+of+Bacillus+subtilis+spores+by+hypochlorite+and+chlorine+dioxide.">Mechanisms of killing of Bacillus subtilis spores by hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide.</a> Journal of Applied Microbiology. 95 (1), 54 (2003).</li></ol>

这个基础研发已通过合作与学术界，其他政府机构和业内人士认为，导致新的商业化，环保（“绿色”）技术提出了新的研究和技术方向。二氧化氯是经20年来的美国国家卫生基金会更安全，更快捷，更环保的消毒比传统治疗方法的第一种方法。该PCS，D-沼泽，和D-FEND ALL原型被验证为在实验室环境实验室规模的原型，和结果的范围赋予这些系统具有通用性的巨大广度来灵活适应个别用户的需求。?...

在PCS技术所得款项在没有商业设备以前存在和产生的消毒剂二氧化氯（CLO 2），有一个证明有能力杀死植物病原菌对新鲜农产品3,6,9-13,15或净化的细菌孢子。6， 14,15,17的PCS已验证实验室专门以实现杀菌对嗜热脂肪土芽孢杆菌属 （GS）的孢子（见相关参考8）和孢子生物指标G的活文化和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌atrophaeus（BA）6,15,16。在PCS也已适应了不太严格的条件下工作，以确保食品安全失活的植物病原体李斯特菌和大肠杆菌的新鲜农产品，如整个西红柿，并延长保质期的鲜切产品，例如，由INACtivating在苹果切片6,15的多酚氧化酶褐变。以产生二氧化氯，在PCS采用新颖的化学效应通过在近中性pH值的氧化还原反应，前进，从而消除了使用酸和运输的固有困难，存储，处理，并在远前方军事布置酸性废物部署1,2,4,17。除了军队，只也可用于国土安全/国防;在自然灾害（超级风暴桑迪，海啸，卡特里娜飓风）变为不可接入电源，饮用水，以及清除废物;现场由紧急第一反应;而在社区医院或在停电（停电和棕色奏）的学校。 在D isinfectant -喷涂机适用于F洪灾和EN vironmentally友好S anitation（D-FENS）也使用化学效应（3化学成分）和一个2步混合法（ <em&gt;我。预浓缩，然后为ii。反应后稀释），生成水二氧化氯，主要是在一个可折叠的喷雾瓶用于净化的军队物资，食品处理设备和现场给料设备在陆军野战厨房和卫生中心和海军表面厨房，医疗单位，淋浴和厕所随地大量部署 ​​的人员共同存在于接近5,6。验证测试表明，D-FENS消除致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌 ，一种常见的食源性致病菌，对多孔表面14。 “D-FEND ALL”（D isinfectant为EN vironmentally友好Ðecontamination，所有用途）提供了一个更简单的（2化学成分），使用更方便（1步混合）替代具有无与伦比的多功能性生产水性二氧化氯净化细菌纺织品孢子，用于表面消毒，以促进卫生设施tation和卫生，以及提高水的质量和安全，对要求快速生产大量使用少量起始原料的应用在新型灰回收利用技术，旨在生产清洁，饮用水的稀二氧化氯的应用解决方案，特别是优势远征基地营2。 多种机制存在按照联邦技术转移法案，以促进联邦技术转移到非联邦实体，以此来鼓励技术为国家的重大利益的发展和商业化。因此，他们的许多军事和民用用途新兴的潜力，PCS，D-沼泽，和D-FEND所有的技术已经通过专利许可协议和商业评估许可证和专利转让给业界的商业化。 D-FENS（的缓，控释版本，称为＆＃8220，D-FENS精简版“）是技术转移到商业行业纳入包装材料，延长新鲜浆果的保质期，和PCS也已技转给学术界和其他政府机构的对比测试与其他技术，对于与新鲜农产品商品食品安全的研究，并加强本科科学教育。在PCS和化学的技术转移导致批准用于生物罩灭菌用改进的时间，成本和环保相对于传统的甲醛处理的商业产品。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chlorite</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>244155</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium sulfite</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>239312</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium ascorbate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7631</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium phosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P0662</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextrose</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BT Sure biological indicator (steam)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Sci</td>
			<td>AY759X3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EZ Test (EtO)</td>
			<td>SGM Biotech Inc</td>
			<td>EZG/6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Difco Hy-check</td>
			<td>Becton-Dickinson/ Difco</td>
			<td>290002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tryptic Soy Agar</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>236950</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nutrient Agar</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>213000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Baird-Parker Agar</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>276840</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Egg Yolk-Tellurite</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>277910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.5% Yeast extract</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>212750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bacto-Peptone</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>211677</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bacto-Tryptone</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>211705</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agar</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>214010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soluble starch</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>0178-17</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lab Lemco Beef Extract</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>L29</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masticator - Classic</td>
			<td>IUL Instruments</td>
			<td>Cat. No. 400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stomacher bags</td>
			<td>Seward</td>
			<td>Stomacher &#8216;400&#8217; bags</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the portable chemical sterilizer (pcs), d-fens, and d-fend all: novel chlorine dioxide decontamination technologies for the military

有一个说陆军需要一种便携式现场，非蒸汽灭菌器技术，可用于正向手术团队，牙科公司，兽医服务保障分队，战斗支援医院和地区医疗实验室手术器械消毒和灭菌病理标本前处理在手术室，急诊区，重症监护病房。小说“清洁和绿色”二氧化氯技术的以下合奏是通用，灵活，以适应和满足了一些去污6,15关键军事需求的。具体来说，在P ortableçhemical S terilizer（PCS）的发明，以应付紧急战场需求和关闭的关键能力差距的能源独立，轻巧便携，快速机动和坚固耐用的高强度推进部署3。由于在手术sterilizat一个革命性的技术突破使用点的离子技术，只为一个现代的现场高压灭菌器，它依赖于现场，在意志的产生二氧化氯代替蒸汽。两（2）只单位消毒4手术托盘中1小时，这是（因为它的繁琐的大小，尺寸庞大，重量和绰号“贝莎”在部署）的吞吐量相当于一个大型高压蒸汽。不过，只经营使用较少的100％电量（0与9千瓦）和98％的水少（10对640盎司），显著由95％降低体重（20主场迎战450磅，一个4人电梯）和由96％立方体（2.1对比60.2英尺3），并实际上消除了在维修和维护可靠的操作，提升和输送，以及所需的蒸汽高压灭菌器的电功率的向前部署了困难的挑战。

在易于操作只被设计在30分钟的治疗细菌灭活孢子悬液或细菌孢子生物指标涉及控制生产二氧化氯的独特的化学效应，实现无菌。具体来说，微生物验证研究证实，该只由含有灭活或者G的孢子（10 5孢子/ ml）生物指标达到不育嗜热脂肪或B。 atrophaeus，这是为了通过蒸汽高压灭菌器（湿热），或环氧乙烷气体，以分别指示灭菌。该电脑还灭菌G的悬浮液嗜热脂肪<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Portable Chemical Sterilizer PCS, D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military at JoVE.com

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer PCS, D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military

在P ortableçhemical S terilizer（PCS）是一种革命性的，能独立，几乎无水的杀菌技术，军队医疗单位。在PCS产生二氧化氯的干燥试剂与水现场混合，在意志，并在点的使用（POU）在一个塑料手提箱。在D isinfectant -喷涂机适用于F洪灾和EN vironmentally友好S anitation（D-FENS）和D isinfectant为EN vironmentally友好Ðecontamination，多用途 （D-FEND ALL）的水溶液产生二氧化氯在一个可折叠的喷雾瓶和其他潜在的实施方式。这些多功能去污技术杀死微生物在无数不同两用应用军用和民用消费者的青睐。

便携式化学消毒（PCS），D-沼泽，和D-FEND ALL：新型二氧化氯去污技术用于军事

There is a stated Army need for a field-portable, non-steam sterilizer technology that can be used by Forward Surgical Teams, Dental Companies, Veterinary ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer (PCS), D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military

A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells

一个微流控芯片单细胞的多功能化学分析

We present a microfluidic device that enables the quantitative determination of intracellular biomolecules in multiple single cells in parallel. For this ...

科研

生物工程

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

木质素下调<em&gt;玉米</em&gt;通过dsRNAi和Klason木质素分析

To facilitate the use of lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative bioenergy resource, during biological conversion processes, a pretreatment step is ...

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

一种新型生物反应器为不同的微生物群落的高密度栽培

A novel reactor design, coined a high density bioreactor (HDBR), is presented for the cultivation and study of high density microbial communities. Past ...

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

水凝胶的合成与防污性能作为膜的净水

Hydrogels have been widely utilized to enhance the surface hydrophilicity of membranes for water purification, increasing the antifouling properties and ...

Fabrication of Extracellular Matrix-derived Foams and Microcarriers as Tissue-specific Cell Culture and Delivery Platforms

细胞外基质衍生的泡沫和微载体如组织特异性细胞培养和交付平台的制造

Cell function is mediated by interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which has complex tissue-specific composition and architecture. The focus ...

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

大肠杆菌-表达自组装蛋白纳米颗粒的生产，用于需要三聚体异体的疫苗

Self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SAPNs) function as repetitive antigen displays and can be used to develop a wide range of vaccines for different ...

Bioparticle Microarrays for Chemotactic and Molecular Analysis of Human Neutrophil Swarming in vitro

人体神经细胞在体外热的化学和分子分析的生物粒子微阵列

Neutrophil swarming is a cooperative process by which neutrophils seal off a site of infection and promote tissue reorganization. Swarming has classically ...

Preparing Protein Producing Synthetic Cells using Cell Free Bacterial Extracts, Liposomes and Emulsion Transfer

使用无细胞细菌提取物、脂质体和乳液转移制备蛋白质生成合成细胞

The bottom-up assembly approach for construction of synthetic cells is an effective tool for isolating and investigating cellular processes in a cell ...

Photodegradable Hydrogel Interfaces for Bacteria Screening, Selection, and Isolation

用于细菌筛选、选择和分离的可光降解水凝胶接口

Biologists have long attempted to understand the relationship between phenotype and genotype. To better understand this connection, it is crucial to ...