Name: measuring growth and gene expression dynamics of tumor-targeted s. typhimurium bacteria
Uploaded: 2013-07-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Growth and Gene Expression Dynamics of Tumor-Targeted S. Typhimurium Bacteria at JoVE.com

我们感谢H.弗莱明批判性阅读和编辑的稿件。这项工作是由Misrock博士后奖学金（TD）和NDSEG研究生奖学金（AP）的支持。 SNB是一个霍华德休斯医学研究所研究员。

1。细胞的制备<ol><li>使用标准的细胞培养技术的传代细胞系。在这个实验中，我们使用OVCAR-8细胞（NCI DCTD肿瘤库，冯检基，MD）。细胞生长到目标汇合的80 - 100％。 </li><li>用5ml胰蛋白酶消化5分钟孵育细胞，然后加入5 ml RPMI培养基+ FBS的胰蛋白酶失活。 </li><li>收获和血球计数细胞。重悬于无酚红的DMEM中，在目标浓度为5×10 7个细胞/ ml，或约200微升每烧瓶。 </li><li>添加15％降低生长因子基...

<ol>
	<li>Hohmann, E. L., Oletta, C. A., Miller, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+a+phoP/phoQ-deleted,+aroA-deleted+live+oral+Salmonella+typhi+vaccine+strain+in+human+volunteers.">Evaluation of a phoP/phoQ-deleted, aroA-deleted live oral Salmonella typhi vaccine strain in human volunteers.</a> Vaccine. 14 (1), 19-24 (1996).</li><li>Leschner, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor+Invasion+of+Salmonella+enterica+Serovar+Typhimurium+Is+Accompanied+by+Strong+Hemorrhage+Promoted+by+TNF-alpha.">Tumor Invasion of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Is Accompanied by Strong Hemorrhage Promoted by TNF-alpha.</a> Plos One. 4 (8), (2009).</li><li>Min, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+bioluminescence+imaging+of+tumor-targeting+bacteria+in+living+animals.">Quantitative bioluminescence imaging of tumor-targeting bacteria in living animals.</a> Nat. Protoc. 3 (4), 629-636 (2008).</li><li>Min, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+real-time+imaging+of+tumors+and+metastases+using+tumor-targeting+light-emitting+Escherichia+coli.">Noninvasive real-time imaging of tumors and metastases using tumor-targeting light-emitting Escherichia coli.</a> Mol. Imaging Biol. 10 (1), 54-61 (2008).</li><li>Choy, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+noninvasive+fluorescent+and+bioluminescent+small+animal+optical+imaging.">Comparison of noninvasive fluorescent and bioluminescent small animal optical imaging.</a> Biotechniques. 35 (5), 1022-1033 (2003).</li><li>Pawelek, J. M., Low, K. B., Bermudes, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor-targeted+Salmonella+as+a+novel+anticancer+vector.">Tumor-targeted Salmonella as a novel anticancer vector.</a> Cancer Research. 57 (20), 4537-4544 (1997).</li><li>Fu, X., Hoffman, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+ovarian+carcinoma+metastatic+models+constructed+in+nude+mice+by+orthotopic+transplantation+of+histologically-intact+patient+specimens.">Human ovarian carcinoma metastatic models constructed in nude mice by orthotopic transplantation of histologically-intact patient specimens.</a> Anticancer Res. 13 (2), 283-286 (1993).</li><li>Ozbudak, E. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+noise+in+the+expression+of+a+single+gene.">Regulation of noise in the expression of a single gene.</a> Nat. Genet. 31 (1), 69-73 (2002).</li><li>Elowitz, M. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stochastic+gene+expression+in+a+single+cell.">Stochastic gene expression in a single cell.</a> Science. 297 (5584), 1183-1186 (2002).</li><li>Toso, J. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+I+study+of+the+intravenous+administration+of+attenuated+Salmonella+typhimurium+to+patients+with+metastatic+melanoma.">Phase I study of the intravenous administration of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to patients with metastatic melanoma.</a> J. Clin. Oncol. 20 (1), 142-152 (2002).</li><li>Heimann, D. M., Rosenberg, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+intravenous+administration+of+live+genetically+modified+salmonella+typhimurium+in+patients+with+metastatic+melanoma.">Continuous intravenous administration of live genetically modified salmonella typhimurium in patients with metastatic melanoma.</a> J. Immunother. 26 (2), 179-180 (2003).</li><li>Forbes, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineering+the+perfect+(bacterial)+cancer+therapy.">Engineering the perfect (bacterial) cancer therapy.</a> Nat. Rev. Cancer. 10 (11), 785-794 (2010).</li><li>Guo, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+tumor+gene+by+shRNA-expressing+Salmonella-mediated+RNAi.">Targeting tumor gene by shRNA-expressing Salmonella-mediated RNAi.</a> Gene Ther. 18 (1), 95-105 (2011).</li><li>Hoffman, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor-seeking+Salmonella+amino+acid+auxotrophs.">Tumor-seeking Salmonella amino acid auxotrophs.</a> Curr Opin Biotechnol. 22 (6), 917-923 (2011).</li><li>Nguyen, V. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetically+engineered+Salmonella+typhimurium+as+an+imageable+therapeutic+probe+for+cancer.">Genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium as an imageable therapeutic probe for cancer.</a> Cancer Research. 70 (1), 18-23 (2010).</li><li>Zhao, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+therapy+with+a+Salmonella+typhimurium+leucine-arginine+auxotroph+cures+orthotopic+human+breast+tumors+in+nude+mice.">Targeted therapy with a Salmonella typhimurium leucine-arginine auxotroph cures orthotopic human breast tumors in nude mice.</a> Cancer Research. 66 (15), 7647-7652 (2006).</li><li>Danino, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+synchronized+quorum+of+genetic+clocks.">A synchronized quorum of genetic clocks.</a> Nature. 463 (7279), 326-330 (2010).</li><li>Anderson, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Environmentally+controlled+invasion+of+cancer+cells+by+engineered+bacteria.">Environmentally controlled invasion of cancer cells by engineered bacteria.</a> J. Mol. Biol. 355 (4), 619-627 (2006).</li><li>Hasty, J., McMillen, D., Collins, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineered+gene+circuits.">Engineered gene circuits.</a> Nature. 420 (6912), 224-230 (2002).</li><li>Prindle, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+sensing+array+of+radically+coupled+genetic+'biopixels'.">A sensing array of radically coupled genetic 'biopixels'.</a> Nature. 481 (7379), 39-44 (2012).</li><li>Xu, D. Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+delivery+of+siRNAs:+a+new+approach+to+solid+tumor+therapy.">Bacterial delivery of siRNAs: a new approach to solid tumor therapy.</a> Methods Mol. Biol. 487, 161-187 (2009).</li><li>Zheng, L. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor+amplified+protein+expression+therapy:+Salmonella+as+a+tumor-selective+protein+delivery+vector.">Tumor amplified protein expression therapy: Salmonella as a tumor-selective protein delivery vector.</a> Oncol. Res. 12 (3), 127-1235 (2000).</li><li>Kim, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+balanced-lethal+host-vector+system+based+on+glmS.">A novel balanced-lethal host-vector system based on glmS.</a> Plos One. 8 (3), e60511 (2013).</li><li>Prindle, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+Circuits+in+Salmonella+typhimurium.">Genetic Circuits in Salmonella typhimurium.</a> ACS Synthetic Biology. , (2012).</li><li>Danino, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+gene+expression+dynamics+of+tumor-targeted+bacteria.">In vivo gene expression dynamics of tumor-targeted bacteria.</a> ACS Synthetic Biology. , (2012).</li><li>Zhao, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial-temporal+imaging+of+bacterial+infection+and+antibiotic+response+in+intact+animals.">Spatial-temporal imaging of bacterial infection and antibiotic response in intact animals.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (17), 9814-9818 (2001).</li></ol>

使用此过程中，我们是能细菌的肿瘤的生长和基因表达的动态课程生成时间。虽然这些测量的常规在体外进行分批培养或微流体装置中，它们是更难以执行在体内 。 有几种修改，可以应用这些方法。虽然我们使用OVCAR-8细胞系，以产生我们的小鼠模型，也可以使用一些其他的细胞系等价。例如，可用于luciferized细胞系，允许肿瘤和细菌荧光素酶通道的三维共定位?...

合成生物学进展迅速，在过去的十年中，现在的定位是影响能源和健康的重要问题。然而， 体内遗传电路开发设计标准的安全问题，并没有扩展到临床上已放缓。加快高影响医疗应用将需要利用接口直接与医疗基础设施，遗传受控的实验室环境以外的电路，功能，安全和临床公认的微生物宿主的方法。 优先在肿瘤生长的能力，由于癌症治疗研究已进行了一些菌株。这些都包含C. novyi，大肠杆菌，V. cholorae，长双歧杆菌 ，和S。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌S. 3-8。 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌产生了特别令人感兴趣的，因为他们已经在数9-12的人体临床试验显示出安全性和耐受性。这些细菌学<html>一个最初创建的抗肿瘤效果，通过刺激宿主的免疫系统和癌细胞代谢所需的营养物质的耗竭。通过基因修改，后来又增加治疗货物的生产。虽然这些研究的重要进展，在肿瘤的治疗中使用的细菌，多数依靠现有努力的高水平表达，通常会产生高剂量的交付，脱靶效应，与主机发展的阻力13-16 。 现在，合成生物学可能会增加可编程的货物生产，利用设计计算遗传电路，可以执行先进的传感和交付17-20。这些电路可被设计为作为检测肿瘤特异性刺激自律和货物的生产必要的运输系统。然而，研究这些电路在体内的功能迄今一直具有挑战性。 由于质粒ve_content“&gt;合成电路的共同框架中，我们描述了一种基于质粒的基因表达在体内使用的小鼠模型的动态特性的方法，这些方法利用时间推移发光成像和定量测量的生物分布。一起这些方法提供了一个框架， 在体内的临床应用研究基于质粒网络。

<table border="1">
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalog Number</td>
 <td>Comments</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1 ml syringe</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>309602</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>3/10 cc Insulin Syringe</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>309301</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>PrecisionGlide Needle </td>
 <td>BD Biosciences </td>
 <td>301629</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>RPMI Medium 1640 (1X), 
 liquid, with L-glutamine</td>
 <td>Invitrogen</td>
 <td>11875-119 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ampicillin</td>
 <td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
 <td>A0166-5G</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>LB Agar Broth</td>
 <td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
 <td>L2897</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Luria-Bertani broth</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>244610</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

measuring growth and gene expression dynamics of tumor-targeted s. typhimurium bacteria

这些实验的目的是产生定量的时间-过程数据的生长和基因表达动力学的减毒S.鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的细菌菌落生长肿瘤内。 我们生成的模型移植瘤小鼠皮下注射人类卵巢癌细胞株OVCAR-8（NCI DCTD肿瘤仓库，弗雷德里克，MD）。 我们转化减毒菌株的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌细菌（ELH430：SL1344 phoPQ 1）组成性表达的荧光素酶（luxCDABE）质粒的可视化2。这些菌株专门殖民肿瘤基本上是无毒的，而其余的鼠标1。 一旦建立可测量的肿瘤，细菌具有不同的剂量经尾静脉静脉注射。肿瘤局部，细菌基因表达的实时监控，60小时使用的过程在体内成像系统（IVIS）。在每个时间点，肿瘤被切除，匀浆，接种相关基因表达数据的定量细菌菌落。 总之，这种数据产生在体内生长和生长肿瘤内的细菌的基因的表达动力学的定量测量。

使用这个协议中，我们能够产生的肿瘤靶向细菌在体内生长和基因表达的动力学数据。在图1中概括的全部工作流程。 在第一阶段中，我们注入细菌（绿色）和图像的动物使用IVIS发光（蓝色）作为一个记者来衡量基因表达。 然后，在第二阶段中，我们的消费税，均质化，和菌落计数板肿瘤的数量来确定在肿瘤生长的细菌。 <p class="jo...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Growth and Gene Expression Dynamics of Tumor-Targeted S. Typhimurium Bacteria at JoVE.com

Measuring Growth and Gene Expression Dynamics of Tumor-Targeted S. Typhimurium Bacteria

肿瘤靶向性生长和基因表达的动力学测量<em&gt; S。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌</em&gt;细菌

这些实验的目的是产生定量的时间 - 过程的减毒的生长和基因表达的动力学数据<em&gt; S。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌</em&gt;内肿瘤生长的细菌菌落。此视频覆盖肿瘤细胞制备和植入，活菌制剂和注射，整个动物发光成像，肿瘤切除，及菌落计数。

The goal of these experiments is to generate quantitative time-course data on the growth and gene expression dynamics of attenuated S. typhimurium ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Measuring Growth and Gene Expression Dynamics of Tumor-Targeted S. Typhimurium Bacteria

Detection of Bacteria Using Fluorogenic DNAzymes

检测使用荧光脱氧核酶的细菌

Outbreaks linked to food-borne and hospital-acquired pathogens account for millions of deaths and hospitalizations as well as colossal economic losses ...

科研

免疫与感染

Using Fluorescent Proteins to Visualize and Quantitate Chlamydia Vacuole Growth Dynamics in Living Cells

Using Fluorescent Proteins to Visualize and Quantitate Chlamydia Vacuole Growth Dynamics in Living Cells

利用荧光蛋白可视化和定量<em&gt;衣原体</em&gt;液泡生长动态的活细胞

The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia elicits a great burden on global public health. C.&#160;trachomatis is the leading bacterial cause of ...

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

牛痘病毒记者量化病毒功能在基因表达的各个阶段

Poxviruses are a family of double stranded DNA viruses that include active human pathogens such as monkeypox, molluscum contagiousum, and Contagalo virus. ...

A Protocol to Infect Caenorhabditis elegans with Salmonella typhimurium

A Protocol to Infect Caenorhabditis elegans with Salmonella typhimurium

一个协议感染<em&gt;秀丽隐杆线虫</em&gt;与<em&gt;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌</em

In the last decade, C. elegans has emerged as an invertebrate organism to study interactions between hosts and pathogens, including the host defense ...

High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages

High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages

高通量检测到的表型<em&gt;沙门氏菌</em&gt;伤寒协会，侵袭和复制的巨噬细胞

Salmonella species are zoonotic pathogens and leading causes of food borne illnesses in humans and livestock1. Understanding the mechanisms underlying ...

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation

小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的分离，以贯彻基因表达分析后Toll样受体刺激

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. ...

Gene Expression Profiling of Infecting Microbes Using a Digital Bar-coding Platform

侵染微生物利用数字条码平台的基因表达谱

For most mammalian pathogens, gene expression profiling studies have been limited by technical difficulties to accurately quantify pathogen gene ...

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

巨噬细胞中含有吞噬的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的分离

Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans. After invasion of the lamina propria, S. ...

Live-Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Investigate Subcellular Protein Localization and Cell Morphology Changes in Bacteria

活细胞荧光显微镜研究细菌的亚细胞蛋白定位和细胞形态变化

Investigations of factors influencing cell division and cell shape in bacteria are commonly performed in conjunction with high-resolution fluorescence ...

NF-&#954;B-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells

NF-ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ÂºB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells

在沙门氏菌感染组织培养细胞中，NF-βB依赖性路西酶的激活和基因表达的定量

The dimeric transcription factor NF-&#954;B regulates many cellular response pathways, including inflammatory pathways by inducing the expression of ...