Name: isolation of cd146+ resident lung mesenchymal stromal cells from rat lungs
Uploaded: 2016-06-17T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of CD146+ Resident Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Rat Lungs at JoVE.com

JJPC is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) postdoctoral fellowship. MAM receives a merit scholarship from the German National Academic Foundation - Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes and is supported by a grant from the EFCNI (European Foundation for the Care of the Newborn Infant). BT is supported by CIHR, the Canadian Lung Association, the Stem Cell Network and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute.

All procedures were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the University of Ottawa (animal ethics protocol OHRI-1696). Animal care was performed in accordance with institutional guidelines.
1. Isolation of Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
<ol>
	<li>Prepare the enzyme mix in a 50 ml tube: weigh in 30 U Neutral Protease, 2,500 U Collagenase I and 500 U DNAse I. These amounts suffice for the lungs of an adult mouse or rat pup. Prepare on day of isolation and store at 4 &#176;C until use.</li>
...

The isolation and culture of primary L-MSCs presents an opportunity to better understand their function and their interaction with other cell populations at a cellular level, and their role in lung development, health and disease. This is especially important as the lack of a specific single marker of these cells makes it nearly impossible to study these cells in situ. As with all primary cell populations, one should keep in mind that these cells are more likely to change their character the longer they are kept...

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in a wide range of diseases, including lung diseases. Besides the use of bone marrow and umbilical cord MSCs for exogenous cell therapy, there is also increasing interest in the repair and regenerative potential of resident tissue MSCs. During development, including in the lung, the mesenchyme is an important source of developmental cues, and resident MSCs are a likely candidate to be at the center of this. Moreover, evidence is emerging that resident MSCs are perturbed in adult diseases, including cancer1,2 and fibrosis3. The main hurdle for the study of these resident tissue MSCs is the lack of a clear marker for the isolation and identification of these cells4. Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) was identified in mice as a marker for a variety of tissue stem cells, and can be used for the isolation of L-MSCs5, but has unfortunately no known orthologs in other species6. Researchers have reported a variety of different isolation methods for the isolation of L-MSCs from either lung tissue or fluid. These vary from fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) based methods selecting for CD31-/CD45-/CD90+ cells7, CD31-/CD45-/epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-/Sca-1+ cells8, multidrug resistance transporter ATP binding cassette G (ABCG2) positive cells9 or Hoechst 33342 dye efflux10, to plastic adherence11,12 and migration out of minced tissue13.
The advantages of the herein presented method are several fold. By using a gentle enzymatic digestion and density gradient14, one obtains all the cells of the density range that include MSCs but exclude epithelial or endothelial cells. The subsequent plastic adherence step ensures that only the mesenchymal cells adhere and stay in culture, eliminating leukocytes. Most importantly however, the CD146+ selection step allows for the elimination of fibroblasts, as these cells do not express CD146. Expression of the cell adhesion molecule CD146 is positively correlated with multipotency, and is therefore a good marker to weed out fibroblasts from a mesenchymal cell population15-19. This is an advantage over using CD90 as a selection marker, as it is not only expressed in MSCs but also in lipofibroblasts5,20. In this protocol we have explicitly chosen a magnetic bead selection, as it is gentler on the cells, and the entire procedure can be done in sterile conditions. Another important advantage of this isolation method as opposed to the outgrowth method, is that it is relatively fast, 6-10 days as opposed to a month or more for the outgrowth method. Three to five days after the initial isolation the mesenchymal population is ready for CD146+ selection; after another three to five days the CD146+ cells are ready to be used for experiments or can be frozen for later use. The decreased time of culture improves the quality of the cells as MSCs transdifferentiate towards fibroblasts in prolonged ex vivo culture19. Lastly, because of the nature of the protocol, it is possible to apply this method to other species by simply choosing appropriate antibodies, or even to other organ systems by adjusting the choice of digestion enzymes and incubation time.
A detailed protocol of this isolation method is given below, and a schematic overview of the isolation and subsequent selection of the CD146+ subpopulation is provided in Figure 1A and 1B respectively. Additionally, details are included for passaging, freezing and thawing these cells.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/53782/53782fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1.&#160;Schematic overview of the isolation of pulmonary mesenchymal cells (A) and subsequent CD146+ cell selection (B). min = minutes; EDTA = Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; 2nd Ab = secondary antibody; &#945;-CD146 Ab = primary anti-CD146 antibody; -ve cells = CD146 negative cells; +ve cells = CD146 positive cells. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53782/53782fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:175px;">Neutral Protease</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Worthington Biochemical Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">LS02104</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Prepare on day of isolation and store at 4&#176;C until use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:175px;">Collagenase I</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Worthington Biochemical Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">LS004196</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Prepare on day of isolation and store at 4&#176;C until use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:175px;">DNAse I</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">D5025</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Prepare on day of isolation and store at 4&#176;C until use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:175px;">Pentobarbital sodium (Euthanyl)</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Bimeda-MTC Animal Health Inc, Dublin, Ireland</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Use 0.2 mL for rat pups between 20-30g; larger animals may need more.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:175px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s PBS + Sodium-pyruvate + Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">14287-072</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Very crucial to use this type of D-PBS, as the calcium and magnesium that are present in this D-PBS facilitate facilitate the enzymatic digestion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:175px;">Ficoll-Paque PREMIUM (1.073 g/cm3)</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">17-5446-52</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Density gradient media. To obtain a good interphase, it is crucial that the layering of the single cell suspension occurs at a &#62;45o angle at very low speed, and that the subsequent centrifugation is done at 19oC.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:175px;">&#945;MEM</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">M8042</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Warm in 37oC water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:175px;">200 mM L-Glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">25030-164</td>
			<td style="width:309px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:175px;">100x Antibiotic-Antimycotic</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">15240-062</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin/Fungizone</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:175px;">M-280 Dynabeads</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">11205D</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Magnetic beads</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:175px;">biotinylated polyclonal rabbit-anti-mouse IgG</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Dako, Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">E0464</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Biotinylated secondary antibody that matches with the anti-rat CD146 antibody described below</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:175px;">DynaMag5-magnet</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">12303D</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Magnet that is recommended for use with Dynabeads. NOTE: magnet should be chosen based on the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions of the magnet beads of choice.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:175px;">TrypLE express&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">12605-028</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Gentle non-trypsin alternative, use 1 mL of TrypLE express/ 25cm2 surface area. After detachment, 10 mL L-MSC culture medium is sufficient to inactivate 3 mL TrypLE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:175px;">anti-rat CD146 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Lifespan Biosciences Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">C35841</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">12.5 &#956;l per 0.5 x 106 cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="126">
			<td height="126" style="height:126px;width:175px;">Pentaspan (pentastarch solution)</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Can be obtained through local blood donation services or hematology departments. Alternatively, one could use the PSI 20% Pentastarch solution (Preservation Solutions, PST001) diluted 1:1 with 0.9% NaCl.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:175px;">Mr.Frosty freezing container</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:61px;">5100-0001</td>
			<td style="width:309px;">Improves viability when freezing L-MSCs overnight at -80oC</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of cd146+ resident lung mesenchymal stromal cells from rat lungs

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in a wide range of diseases, including lung diseases. Besides the use of bone marrow and umbilical cord MSCs for exogenous cell therapy, there is also increasing interest in the repair and regenerative potential of resident tissue MSCs. Moreover, they likely have a role in normal organ development, and have been attributed roles in disease, particularly those with a fibrotic nature. The main hurdle for the study of these resident tissue MSCs is the lack of a clear marker for the isolation and identification of these cells. The isolation technique described here applies multiple characteristics of lung resident MSCs (L-MSCs). Upon sacrifice of the rats, lungs are removed and rinsed multiple times to remove blood. Following mechanical dissociation by scalpel, the lungs are digested for 2-3 hr using a mix of collagenase type I, neutral protease and DNase type I. The obtained single cell suspension is subsequently washed and layered over density gradient medium (density 1.073 g/ml). After centrifugation, cells from the interphase are washed and plated in culture-treated flasks. Cells are cultured for 4-7 days in physiological 5% O2, 5% CO2 conditions. To deplete fibroblasts (CD146-) and to ensure a population of only L-MSCs (CD146+), positive selection for CD146+ cells is performed through magnetic bead selection. In summary, this procedure reliably produces a population of primary L-MSCs for further in vitro study and manipulation. Because of the nature of the protocol, it can easily be translated to other experimental animal models.

Two of the most reliable physical characteristics of MSCs, density and plastic adherence, are used in the first part of this protocol to obtain the mesenchymal cell fraction of the lung that contains L-MSCs. Although the density gradient interphase will include monocytes and macrophages in addition to lung mesenchymal cells, the plastic adherence followed by 3-5 days of culture ensures that only the lung mesenchymal cells remain. Indeed this cell population expresses the classic MSC surfa...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of CD146+ Resident Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Rat Lungs at JoVE.com

Isolation of CD146+ Resident Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Rat Lungs

This protocol describes an isolation technique for obtaining primary lung resident mesenchymal stromal cells from rats, through the use of enzymatic digestion, density gradient separation, plastic adherence and CD146+ magnetic bead selection.

Isolation of CD146+ Resident Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Rat Lungs

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in a wide range of diseases, including lung diseases. Besides ...

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