Name: an easy method for plant polysome profiling
Uploaded: 2016-08-28T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Easy Method for Plant Polysome Profiling at JoVE.com

Bu çalışma Fransız Ulusal Araştırma Ajansı (ANR-14-CE02-0010) tarafından desteklenmiştir. Biz yazının eleştirel okuma Dr Benjamin Field ve Dr. Elodie Lanet teşekkür ederim. Biz video düzenleme ile yaptığı yardım için Bay Michel Terese teşekkür ederim.

% 20 ila 50 (ağırlık / hacim) sukroz dereceleri hazırlanması 1. Not: Gradyan 13,2 ml&#39;lik bir ultra santrifüj tüpüne sükroz 4 kat (% 50,% 35 ve% 20 2 kat) imal edilmiştir. Bizim tecrübelerimize göre, iki ayrı katmanlar halinde% 20 sukroz dökme ölçüde Polizom hazırlıkları kalitesini artırır. <ol><li> stok çözümleri hazırlayın. tüm çözümler RNAse ve DNAse serbest olduğundan emin olun. <ol><li> 400 mM Tris-HCI pH 8.4, 200 mM KCI, 100 mM MgCl2: 10X...

<ol>
	<li>Nelson, C. J., Millar, A. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+turnover+in+plant+biology.">Protein turnover in plant biology.</a> Nat Plants. 1 (3), 15017 (2015).</li><li>Warner, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+economics+of+ribosome+biosynthesis+in+yeast.">The economics of ribosome biosynthesis in yeast.</a> Trends Biochem Sci. 24 (11), 437-440 (1999).</li><li>Amthor, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+McCree-de+Wit-Penning+de+Vries-Thornley+Respiration+Paradigms:+30+Years+Later.">The McCree-de Wit-Penning de Vries-Thornley Respiration Paradigms: 30 Years Later.</a> Ann Bot. 86 (1), 1-20 (2000).</li><li>Preiss, T., W Hentze, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Starting+the+protein+synthesis+machine:+eukaryotic+translation+initiation.">Starting the protein synthesis machine: eukaryotic translation initiation.</a> BioEssays news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology. 25 (12), 1201-1211 (2003).</li><li>Vogel, C., Marcotte, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insights+into+the+regulation+of+protein+abundance+from+proteomic+and+transcriptomic+analyses.">Insights into the regulation of protein abundance from proteomic and transcriptomic analyses.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 13 (4), 227-232 (2013).</li><li>Baerenfaller, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-scale+proteomics+reveals+Arabidopsis+thaliana+gene+models+and+proteome+dynamics.">Genome-scale proteomics reveals Arabidopsis thaliana gene models and proteome dynamics.</a> Science. 320 (5878), 938-941 (2008).</li><li>Zanetti, E., Chang, I., Gong, F., Galbraith, D. W., Bailey-Serres, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunopurification+of+Polyribosomal+Complexes+of+Arabidopsis+for+Global+Analysis+of+Gene+Expression.">Immunopurification of Polyribosomal Complexes of Arabidopsis for Global Analysis of Gene Expression.</a> Plant physiol. 138 (2), 624-635 (2005).</li><li>Murashige, T., Skoog, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+revised+medium+for+rapid+growth+and+bioassays+with+tobacco+tissue+cultures.">A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures.</a> Physiol plant. 15 (3), 473-497 (1962).</li><li>del Prete, M. J., Vernal, R., Dolznig, H., M&#252;llner, E. W., Garcia-Sanz, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+polysome-bound+mRNA+from+solid+tissues+amenable+for+RT-PCR+and+profiling+experiments.">Isolation of polysome-bound mRNA from solid tissues amenable for RT-PCR and profiling experiments.</a> RNA. 13 (3), 414-421 (2007).</li><li>Salinas, J., Sanchez-Serrano, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Arabidopsis protocols. , (2006).</li><li>Piques, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ribosome+and+transcript+copy+numbers,+polysome+occupancy+and+enzyme+dynamics+in+Arabidopsis.">Ribosome and transcript copy numbers, polysome occupancy and enzyme dynamics in Arabidopsis.</a> Mol syst biol. 5 (314), 314 (2009).</li><li>Morita, M., Alain, T., Topisirovic, I., Sonenberg, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polysome+Profiling+Analysis.">Polysome Profiling Analysis.</a> bio-protocol. 3 (14), 3-8 (2013).</li><li>Y&#225;ng&#252;ez, E., Castro-Sanz, A. B., Fern&#225;ndez-Bautista, N., Oliveros, J. C., Castellano, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+genome-wide+changes+in+the+translatome+of+Arabidopsis+seedlings+subjected+to+heat+stress.">Analysis of genome-wide changes in the translatome of Arabidopsis seedlings subjected to heat stress.</a> PloS One. 8 (8), (2013).</li><li>Sormani, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sublethal+cadmium+intoxication+in+Arabidopsis+thaliana+impacts+translation+at+multiple+levels.">Sublethal cadmium intoxication in Arabidopsis thaliana impacts translation at multiple levels.</a> Cell Physiol. 52 (2), 436-447 (2011).</li><li>Lanet, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biochemical+evidence+for+translational+repression+by+Arabidopsis+microRNAs.">Biochemical evidence for translational repression by Arabidopsis microRNAs.</a> Plant cell. 21 (6), 1762-1768 (2009).</li><li>Jabnoune, M., Secco, D., Lecampion, C., Robaglia, C., Shu, Q., Poirier, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Rice+cis-Natural+Antisense+RNA+Acts+as+a+Translational+Enhancer+for+Its+Cognate+mRNA+and+Contributes+to+Phosphate+Homeostasis+and+Plant+Fitness.">A Rice cis-Natural Antisense RNA Acts as a Translational Enhancer for Its Cognate mRNA and Contributes to Phosphate Homeostasis and Plant Fitness.</a> Plant cell. 25 (10), 4166-4182 (2013).</li><li>Ingolia, N. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-wide+translational+profiling+by+ribosome+footprinting.">Genome-wide translational profiling by ribosome footprinting.</a> Methods Enzymol. 470 (10), (2010).</li><li>Juntawong, P., Girke, T., Bazin, J., Bailey-Serres, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translational+dynamics+revealed+by+genome-wide+profiling+of+ribosome+footprints+in+Arabidopsis.">Translational dynamics revealed by genome-wide profiling of ribosome footprints in Arabidopsis.</a> PNAS. 111 (1), 203-212 (2013).</li><li>Ingolia, N. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ribosome+profiling:+new+views+of+translation,+from+single+codons+to+genome+scale.">Ribosome profiling: new views of translation, from single codons to genome scale.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 15 (3), 205-213 (2014).</li></ol>

The protocol we present here is an easy and cheap method for generating polysome profiles and isolating mRNAs associated with polysomes, single ribosomes or free of ribosomes. A wide range of different polysome fractionation methods is described in the literature. The method we have described here has been optimized to keep only the necessary compounds and has been adapted for plant material. In particular, we reduced the amount of detergent11 and added chloramphenicol to the buffer to fix the chloroplastic ri...

Protein sentezi, bütün hücreler 1 çok önemli ve enerjik olarak masraflı bir işlemdir. Her şeyden önce, hücreler için makine, ribozom üretiminde enerji yatırım gereklidir. Örneğin bir aktif bölünmesi maya hücre Dakikada kadar 2.000 olarak ribozomlar üretir. Böyle bir üretimi toplam transkripsiyonel aktivitenin% 60 ve hücrenin 2 toplam birleştirme etkinliğinin% 90 kadar gerektirmektedir. Ayrıca, enerji amino asitler, aminoasil-tRNA ve peptid bağlarının sentezi için gereklidir. Bitkilerde, ATP 3 4.5 5.9 moleküllerden bir peptid zinciri maliyetlerine bir amino asit eklenerek. Nedenle, protein mRNA&#39;nın çeviri bunun değişen çevre koşullarına ile ilgili söz konusu, özellikle düzenlemenin önemli bir yer olması şaşırtıcı değildir. Ribozom bir mRNA&#39;nın birliğidir çeviri başlangıç ​​aşaması, düzenlenmesi ana hedefidirçeviri 4. Bir tercüme düzenlemenin bir sonucu olarak ve diğer transkripsiyon sonrası düzenleme adım olarak, protein konsantrasyonuna varyasyonları sadece% 40 mRNA bolluğu 5,6 ile açıklanabilir. Böylece, toplam mRNA çalışma protein bolluğu hakkında nispeten zayıf bilgi verir. Öte yandan, ribozom ile mRNA&#39;nın dernek çeviri katılanların mRNA erişim sağlayan protein bolluğu içine daha iyi fikir verir. Aktif tercüme mRNAlar polisomlann adlandırılan yapılar çeşitli ribozom ile ilişkilidir. Tersine, kötü çevrilmiş mRNA&#39;ların tek Ribozom (monosome) ile ilişkili olacaktır. Sonuç olarak, bir mRNA&#39;nın translasyon durumu ribozom 7 ile ilişkisi izleyerek değerlendirilebilir. Bu protokol altı gün eski Arabidopsis thaliana fide, RNA sonraki izolasyonu polizom izolasyonunu ve sonuçların analizini açıklar. polysomes ve monosomes bir sükroz yoğunluk gradyanı ile ayrılmıştır. Gradyanlar altı fraksiyon halinde toplanır. Polisomlar, monosomes ve ribozomlar ile ilişkili olmayan serbest 60S ve 40S ribozomal alt birimleri ve mRNA içeren hafif kısmını (bundan sonra adlandırılan yüzer madde): kesirler Bazı üç iyi ayrılmış kesirler elde etmek için bir araya getirilir. Küresel için etkinliği ve polisomlann profilleri karşılaştırarak eğri altında kalan alan entegrasyonu tarafından belirlenen bir polisom / monosome oranı üretilmesiyle tahmin edilebilir. mRNA ve proteinlerin daha sonra farklı fraksiyonlardan çıkarılır ve RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, Northern blot, mikrodizi, Western blot veya proteomik ile analiz için kullanılmıştır. Bu protokol, diğer bitkiler ve dokular için onaylanmıştır. Bu protokol gerçekleştirmek için gerekli ekipman yaygın çoğu laboratuvarlarda bulunur: bir degrade üreticisi için gerek yoktur. Bir sonraki önlemek eklemeden önce her katmanı Donmatabakaların herhangi bir karışımını ya da rahatsızlık dan. Resim boru delicisi gradyanı içinde bir cam kılcal tüp daldırma ile elde edilebilmektedir gradyan toplanması için kullanılır. Bu nedenle, yüksek maliyetli ultrasantrifüj borular hasarsız kalır ve birçok kez yeniden kullanılabilmektedir. Topluca, bu mevcut protokol Polizom profil için kolay ve ucuz bir yöntemdir yapar.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="735">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Ultracentrifuge tube, thinwall, polyallomer - 13.2 ml</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">331372</td>
			<td style="width:261px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Ultracentrifuge tube, thinwall, polyallomer - 38.5 ml</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">326823</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Glass capillary tube</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Drummond Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">1-000-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Ultracentrifuge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Optima series</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Ultracentrifuge Rotor SW41</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">331362</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Ultracentrifuge Rotor SW32</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">369650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Any</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Tygon R3607 polyvinyl chloride tubing&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>070534-22</td>
			<td>Polyvinyl chloride tubing, 2.29 mm&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Fraction collector Model 2110</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">731-8120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">UV cuvette</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Hellma</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">170.700-QS</td>
			<td>Quartz flow-through cuvette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">UV Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Varian</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Cary50</td>
			<td>Read every 0.0125 sec</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">All chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Any</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td>Use only Molecular Biology Grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Murashige and Skoog Basal Salt Mixture (MS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M5524</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Rnase-Free water</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Any</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Petri Dishes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10083251&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:233px;">Octylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol, branched (Nonidet P40)</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">Euromedex</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">UN3500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:233px;">Linear acrylamide (acryl carrier)</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">ThermoFischer scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">AM9520</td>
			<td>RNA precipitation carrier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">OriginPro 8</td>
			<td style="width:109px;">OriginLab</td>
			<td style="width:132px;"></td>
			<td>Analysis software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an easy method for plant polysome profiling

Translation of mRNA to protein is a fundamental and highly regulated biological process. Polysome profiling is considered as a gold standard for the analysis of translational regulation. The method described here is an easy and economical way for fractionating polysomes from various plant tissues. A sucrose gradient is made without the need for a gradient maker by sequentially freezing each layer. Cytosolic extracts are then prepared in a buffer containing cycloheximide and chloramphenicol to immobilize the cytosolic and chloroplastic ribosomes to mRNA and are loaded onto the sucrose gradient. After centrifugation, six fractions are directly collected from the bottom to the top of the gradient, without piercing the ultracentrifugation tube. During collection, the absorbance at 260 nm is read continuously to generate a polysome profile that gives a snapshot of global translational activity. Fractions are then pooled to prepare three different mRNA populations: the polysomes, mRNAs bound to several ribosomes; the monosomes, mRNAs bound to one ribosome; and mRNAs that are not bound to ribosomes. mRNAs are then extracted. This protocol has been validated for different plants and tissues including Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and adult plants, Nicotiana benthamiana, Solanum lycopersicum, and Oryza sativa leaves.

Literatürde, polisom profilleri genellikle örneğin, yukarıdan aşağıya doğru, gradyanlar toplanır şeklinin bir sonucu olarak, ağır fraksiyonuna hafif fraksiyondan gösterilmiştir. Burada anlatılan protokolde geçişlerini alttan üste doğru toplanır, biz göstermek profilleri ağır fraksiyon (Polisomlar) ile başlar ve hafif fraksiyon (serbest ribozom alt birimlerinin ve RNA&#39;lar) (Şekil 2A) gidin. Daha sonra, altı, 2 ml fraksiyonlar her gradyanı to...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Easy Method for Plant Polysome Profiling at JoVE.com

An Easy Method for Plant Polysome Profiling

This protocol describes an easy method to extract and fractionate transcripts from plant tissues on the basis of the number of bound ribosomes. It allows a global estimate of translation activity and the determination of the translational status of specific mRNAs.

Bitki Polizom Profiling için bir Kolay Yöntem

Translation of mRNA to protein is a fundamental and highly regulated biological process. Polysome profiling is considered as a gold standard for the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

OLIgo Mass Profiling (OLIMP) of Extracellular Polysaccharides

OLIgo Mass Profiling OLIMP of Extracellular Polysaccharides

Ekstrasellüler polisakkaritler Oligo Kitle Profil (Olimp)

The direct contact of cells to the environment is mediated in many organisms by an extracellular matrix. One common aspect of extracellular matrices is ...

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry

İzotop Etiketleme kütle spektrometresi kullanarak Tiyol Redoks Proteom profil

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 not only causes bacterial speck disease in Solanum lycopersicum but also on Brassica species, as well as on ...

Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays

Mikroarray&#39;ler kullanarak Bitki Hücre Duvarı Polimerlerin glukanıdır Profilleme

Plant cell walls are complex matrixes of heterogeneous glycans which play an important role in the physiology and development of plants and provide the ...

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Polizom profilleme Stres Durumlardaki Çeviri başlatılması Analizi

Precise control of mRNA translation is fundamental for eukaryotic cell homeostasis, particularly in response to physiological and pathological stress. ...

An Efficient Method for Quantitative, Single-cell Analysis of Chromatin Modification and Nuclear Architecture in Whole-mount Ovules in Arabidopsis

An Efficient Method for Quantitative, Single-cell Analysis of Chromatin Modification and Nuclear Architecture in Whole-mount Ovules in Arabidopsis

Tüm montaj ovüllerindeki in Kromatin Modifikasyonu ve Nükleer Mimarlık Kantitatif, Tek hücreli Analizi için Etkin Bir Yöntem<em&gt; Arabidopsis</em

In flowering plants, the somatic-to-reproductive cell fate transition is marked by the specification of spore mother cells (SMCs) in floral organs of the ...

Construction of an Affordable and Easy-to-Build Zebrafish Facility

Bir Ekonomik ve Kolay oluşturun Zebra balığı Tesisi İnşaatı

In vivo biomedical research is pivotal to translate in vitro findings into clinical advances. Small academic institutions with limited resources find it ...

Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling

Polizom Profil Yöntemi ile memeli hücrelerine selektif mRNA dönüşümüyle Değerlendirilmesi

Regulation of protein synthesis represents a key control point in cellular response to stress. In particular, discreet RNA regulatory elements were shown ...

Laser-assisted Microdissection (LAM) as a Tool for Transcriptional Profiling of Individual Cell Types

Laser-assisted Microdissection LAM as a Tool for Transcriptional Profiling of Individual Cell Types

Bireysel Hücre Tiplerinin transkripsiyonel Profiling için bir alet olarak lazer destekli mikrodiseksiyon (LAM)

The understanding of developmental processes at the molecular level requires insights into transcriptional regulation, and thus the transcriptome, at the ...

Hybrid-Cut: An Improved Sectioning Method for Recalcitrant Plant Tissue Samples

Hibrid-Cut: Dirençli Bir Bitki Doku Örnekleri Bir Geliştirilmiş Kesit Yöntemi

Maintaining plant section integrity is essential for studying detailed anatomical structures at the cellular, tissue, or even organ level. However, some ...

Standardized Method for High-throughput Sterilization of Arabidopsis Seeds

Yüksek işlem hacmi sterilizasyon Arabidopsis tohum için standart yöntem

Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seedlings often need to be grown on sterile media. This requires prior seed sterilization to prevent the growth of ...