Cytogenetics

Cytogenetics is the field of study devoted to chromosomes, and involves the direct observation of a cell’s chromosomal number and structure, together known as its karyotype. Many chromosomal abnormalities are associated with disease. Each chromosome in a karyotype can be stained with a variety of dyes to give unique banding patterns. More recent techniques, including comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), allow for detecting specific chromosomal features or abnormalities.

This video will begin by examining the principles of these classical and modern cytogenetics techniques. This is followed by an examination of a general protocol for performing FISH. Finally, several examples of how karyotyping can be applied to various medical applications are presented.

Cytogenetics is the study of the structure and properties of chromosomes, as well as their behavior during cell division and their role in heredity. A chromosome, which is a molecule of DNA and its associated proteins, may be observed under a microscope with the aid of dyes and probes. Such observations are a powerful approach for detecting defects in chromosome structure and number, which are often associated with diseases and disorders.

This video will cover the principles of cytogenetics, a protocol for a w

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