Name: hypoxic preconditioning of marrow-derived progenitor cells as a source for the generation of mature schwann cells
Uploaded: 2017-06-14T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells at JoVE.com

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Nai-Sum Wong for providing the hypoxia chamber apparatus and Ms. Alice Lui for the technical support.

All procedures involving animals were performed in strict accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Committee on Use of Live Animals for Teaching and Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. Human bone marrow samples were obtained from the iliac crest of healthy donors after obtaining informed consent. Protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board, The University of Hong Kong.
1. Preparation of Rat MSC ...

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B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Schwann+cell+transplantation+for+spinal+cord+injury+repair:+its+significant+therapeutic+potential+and+prospectus.">Schwann cell transplantation for spinal cord injury repair: its significant therapeutic potential and prospectus.</a> Rev Neurosci. 26 (2), 121-128 (2015).</li><li>Lindvall, O., Kokaia, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells+in+human+neurodegenerative+disorders--time+for+clinical+translation?.">Stem cells in human neurodegenerative disorders--time for clinical translation?.</a> J Clin Invest. 120 (1), 29-40 (2010).</li><li>Terzic, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directed+Differentiation+of+Oligodendrocyte+Progenitor+Cells+From+Mouse+Induced+Pluripotent+Stem+Cells.">Directed Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.</a> Cell Transplant. 25 (2), 411-424 (2016).</li><li>Takashima, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuroepithelial+cells+supply+an+initial+transient+wave+of+MSC+differentiation.">Neuroepithelial cells supply an initial transient wave of MSC differentiation.</a> Cell. 129 (7), 1377-1388 (2007).</li><li>Felling, R. 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It is essential to preserve the &#34;stemness&#34; of MSCs prior to the enrichment of neural progenitors via hypoxic preconditioning and neurosphere culture. From our experience, multipotent MSCs can be reliably identified by their elongated fibroblast-like morphology. In contrast, MSCs that have adopted a more flattened, quadrangular morphology, with prominent cytoskeletal stress fibers, do not readily adopt neural cell fates and should be discarded. In general, we do not utilize MSCs with passage numbers greater than e...

The transplantation of neural progenitors and their derivatives demonstrates promise as a treatment strategy following traumatic nerve injury1,2 and neurodegeneration3,4. Prior to clinical application, it is essential to ensure: i) a method for accessing and expanding upon an autologous source of stem/progenitor cells and ii) a means to direct them to relevant, mature cell types3. Our interest in cell therapy for spinal cord injury led us to seek a robust, autologous cell source of neural progenitors from adult tissues.
A subpopulation of MSCs originates from the neural crest and is readily accessible from the marrow cavity. These cells are neural progenitors that can generate neurons and glia5. Animal models of cerebral ischemia demonstrate that hypoxia promotes the proliferation and multipotency of neural progenitors within the brain6. This was the basis for utilizing hypoxic preconditioning as a means of expanding upon marrow-derived neural progenitors.
The transplantation of Schwann cells into the injured spinal cord promotes regeneration2. SCLCs can be generated from MSCs by means of supplementation with gliogenic factors (i.e., &#946;-Heregulin, bFGF, and PDGF-AA) but demonstrate phenotypic instability. Upon the withdrawal of growth factors, they revert to a fibroblast-like phenotype7. Phenotypic instability is undesirable in cell transplantation due to the risk of aberrant differentiation and carcinogenesis. As Schwann cell precursors are associated with axon bundles within the embryonic peripheral nerve8, we were led to coculture SCLCs with purified embryonic DRG neurons7,9. Resultant mature Schwann cells are fate-committed and demonstrate function in vitro7,9 and in vivo10.
Our protocol for the enrichment of neural progenitors from MSCs is simple and efficient and results in an increase in cell number for subsequent assays. The derivation of fate-committed Schwann cells via the coculture platform allows for the study of glial differentiation and for the generation of stable and functional Schwann cells for potential clinical application.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="851">
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:281px;">&#945;MEM</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigmaaldrich</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">M4526</td>
			<td style="width:329px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DMEM/F12</td>
			<td>Thermofisher scientific</td>
			<td>12400-024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Neurobasal medium</td>
			<td>Thermofisher scientific</td>
			<td>21103-049</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FBS</td>
			<td>Biosera</td>
			<td>FB-1280/500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">B27</td>
			<td>Thermofisher scientific</td>
			<td>17504-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Epidermal growth factor (EGF)</td>
			<td>Thermofisher scientific</td>
			<td>PHG0313</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)&#160;</td>
			<td>Peprotech</td>
			<td>100-18B/100UG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Nerve growth factor (NGF)&#160;</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>NC011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA)</td>
			<td>Peprotech</td>
			<td>100-13A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Heregulin beta-3, EGF domain (&#946;-Her)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>01-201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Uridine</td>
			<td>Sigmaaldrich</td>
			<td>U3003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">5-Fluro-2&#39; - deoxyuridine (FDU)</td>
			<td>Sigmaaldrich</td>
			<td>F0503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Poly-D-lysine (PDL)</td>
			<td>Sigmaaldrich</td>
			<td>P7886-1G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Laminin</td>
			<td>Thermofisher scientific</td>
			<td>23017015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">GlutaMAX</td>
			<td>Thermofisher scientific</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Penicillin / streptomycin (P/S)</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TrypLE Express</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12604-013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">10 cm plate for adherent culture</td>
			<td>TPP</td>
			<td>93100</td>
			<td>Used for selection of MSCs by tissue culture adherence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">6-well plate for adherent culture</td>
			<td>TPP</td>
			<td>92006</td>
			<td>Used for expansion of MSCs following passaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">UltraLow 6-well plate for non-adherent culture</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3471</td>
			<td>Used for neural progenitor enrichment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">anti-human CD90(Thy-1)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>555593</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">anti-human CD73</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>550256</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">anti-human/rat STRO-1</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>MAB1038</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">anti-human nestin</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>MAB1259</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">anti-human CD45</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>555480</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">anti-rat CD90(Thy-1)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>554895</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">anti-rat CD73</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>551123</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">anti-rat nestin</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>MAB1259</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">anti-rat CD45</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>554875</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Anti-S100&#946;</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>Z031101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anti-p75</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB5386</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Anti-GFAP</td>
			<td>Sigmaaldrich</td>
			<td>G3893</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Anti-Class III-beta tubulin (Tuj-1)</td>
			<td>Covance</td>
			<td>MMS-435P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Anti-Human nuclei</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB1281</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hypoxia chamber</td>
			<td>Billups-Rothenberg</td>
			<td>MIC-101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HEPES buffer</td>
			<td>Sigmaaldrich</td>
			<td>H4034-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

hypoxic preconditioning of marrow-derived progenitor cells as a source for the generation of mature schwann cells

This manuscript describes a means to enrich for neural progenitors from the marrow stromal cell (MSC) population and thereafter to direct them to the mature Schwann cell fate. We subjected rat and human MSCs to transient hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen for 16 h) followed by expansion as neurospheres upon low-attachment substratum with epidermal growth factor (EGF)/basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supplementation. Neurospheres were seeded onto poly-D-lysine/laminin-coated tissue culture plastic and cultured in a gliogenic cocktail containing &#946;-Heregulin, bFGF, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to generate Schwann cell-like cells (SCLCs). SCLCs were directed to fate commitment via coculture for 2 weeks with purified dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons obtained from E14-15 pregnant Sprague Dawley rats. Mature Schwann cells demonstrate persistence in S100&#946;/p75 expression and can form myelin segments. Cells generated in this manner have potential applications in autologous cell transplantation following spinal cord injury, as well as in disease modeling.

An overview of the key stages in our protocol is illustrated in Figure 1. In summary, rat and human MSCs are selected for by adherence to tissue culture plastic. Expanded MSCs are preconditioned with hypoxia and are then subject to neurosphere-forming conditions. Neurospheres are plated and allowed to differentiate into SCLCs. SCLCs are cocultured with purified DRG neurons to generate fate-committed Schwann cells.
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells at JoVE.com

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells

Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) with neural potential exist within the bone marrow. Our protocol enriches this population of cells via hypoxic preconditioning and thereafter directs them to become mature Schwann cells.

This manuscript describes a means to enrich for neural progenitors from the marrow stromal cell (MSC) population and thereafter to direct them to the ...

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