Name: echocardiographic and histological examination of cardiac morphology in the mouse
Uploaded: 2017-10-26T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Echocardiographic and Histological Examination of Cardiac Morphology in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Arbejdet var støttet af den franske regering (National forskningsagentur, ANR) gennem programmet "Investeringer for the Future" LABEX SIGNALIFE (reference ANR-11-LABX-0028-01) og af tilskud til K. D. W. fra Association pour la Recherche sur le kræft, Fondation de France, og planlægge kræft Inserm. D. B. og A. V. modtaget stipendier fra Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale og byen Nice, henholdsvis. Echocardiograph og transduceren blev venligt leveret af Philips. Vi takker A. Borderie, S. Destree, M. Cutajar-Bossert, A. Landouar, A. Martres, A. Biancardini og S. M. Wagner for deres kvalificerede tekniske bistand.

eksperimenter beskrevet her blev gennemført i overensstemmelse med de relevante institutionelle og franske dyrevelfærd love, retningslinjer og politikker. De er blevet godkendt af den franske etiske komité (Comité Institutionnel d &#39; Ethique Pour l &#39; dyr de Laboratoire; nummer NCE/2012-106).
 1. ekkokardiografi <ol><li>bestemme kropsvægt af musen ved hjælp af en standard laboratorium balance mens du holder det let i halen for at sikre korrekt positionering.</li>
	<li>Bedøver d...

<ol>
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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stability+and+function+of+adult+vasculature+is+sustained+by+Akt/Jagged1+signalling+axis+in+endothelium.">Stability and function of adult vasculature is sustained by Akt/Jagged1 signalling axis in endothelium.</a> Nat Commun. 7, 10960 (2016).</li><li>Wagner, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coronary+vessel+development+requires+activation+of+the+TrkB+neurotrophin+receptor+by+the+Wilms'+tumor+transcription+factor+Wt1.">Coronary vessel development requires activation of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor by the Wilms' tumor transcription factor Wt1.</a> Genes Dev. 19 (21), 2631-2642 (2005).</li><li>Wagner, K. 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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recommendations+for+quantification+of+Doppler+echocardiography:+a+report+from+the+Doppler+Quantification+Task+Force+of+the+Nomenclature+and+Standards+Committee+of+the+American+Society+of+Echocardiography.">Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography.</a> J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 15 (2), 167-184 (2002).</li><li>van Laake, L. 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Forskellige metoder er blevet udviklet for at evaluere hjertets struktur og funktion i mus, herunder ekkokardiografi, kontrast-forstærket Mr, micro CT og PET-scanning. På grund af dens omkostningseffektivitet og enkelhed er ekkokardiografi den mest anvendte teknik til funktionel analyse i mus11. I almindelighed, på grund af den lille størrelse af hjertet og den høje frekvens af puls i mus, transducere med en frekvens &#62; 10 MHz bør anvendes, selv om vellykkede målinger er blevet rapporter...

Et stort udvalg af genetisk modificerede musemodeller er tilgængelige, og antallet af farmakologiske undersøgelser i mus er høj1,2. Ekkokardiografi og Mr er almindeligt anvendte metoder til fænotypisk karakterisering af hjertets funktion og morfologi i disse mus modeller3. Præsenteres protokollen sigter mod at analysere hjertets funktion og morfologi hos voksne mus. Det kombinerer ekkokardiografisk, Histologisk, og immunhistokemiske målinger. Ekkokardiografisk undersøgelse er meget udbredt i mus4,5,6,7,8,9,10,,11, 12. Pachon et al. 11 identificeret 205 undersøgelser offentliggjort i omsætning, Omsætning forskning, American Journal of Physiology - hjerte- og kredsløbssygdomme fysiologiog Hjerte-kar-forskning mellem 2012 og 2015 brugt ekkokardiografisk undersøgelse i dyr.
Ekkokardiografi bruges til at identificere hjerte fænotyper i genmodificerede mus5,6,13,14,15,16, 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22, samt at analysere hjertefunktion i kronisk overbelastning-induceret hypertrofi, myokardieiskæmi og kardiomyopati modeller i mus (gennemgik i12). Forbedret ekkokardiografi udstyr giver mulighed for den standard foranstaltningen af venstre ventrikel (LV) systolisk og diastolisk dimensioner, tissue Doppler imaging, myokardial kontrast Ekkografi og vurdering af LV regionale funktion og koronar reserve 12. ideelt set ekkokardiografisk undersøgelse bør udføres i bevidst musene at undgå de negative virkninger af anæstesi på kontraktile funktion, autonome refleks kontrol, og puls11. Ikke desto mindre, denne tilgang er begrænset af kravet om at træne dyr; vanskeligheder med at holde kropstemperaturen stabil; bevægelse artefakter; stress; meget højt cardiac frekvenser; og kravet om mindst to efterforskere at udføre eksperimentet, især hvis et stort antal dyr, der er omfattet af undersøgelsen. Interessant, rapporterede en undersøgelse ingen forskelle i ekkokardiografisk parametre i trænede og utrænede dyr19. Vi udfører ekkokardiografisk målinger i bedøvede mus. Forskellige anæstesi protokoller vil blive diskuteret nedenfor.
Selv om standardopløsning ekkokardiografi (&#62; 10 MHz) er tilstrækkeligt at måle LV systolisk og diastolisk dimensioner og hjertefunktion hos voksne mus, metoden er begrænset i sin beskrivelse af underliggende strukturelle fænomener. Dermed, vi kombinerer i vivo målinger med histologiske og immunohistological analyser til at måle, for eksempel, cardiomyocyte diameter og fartøj tæthed. Andre histologiske og immunohistological undersøgelser, såsom fastsættelse af spredning, undersøgelse af apoptose, infarkt størrelse målinger, bestemmelse af fibrose og specifikke markør udtryk, kan også udføres på den samme type af behandlede væv, men som ikke er omfattet af denne protokol. Kombinationen af i vivo ekkokardiografisk undersøgelse med histologiske analyser giver yderligere indsigt i underliggende strukturelle ændringer. I et yderligere skridt, kan vi gennemføre disse målinger med molekylformel og ultra-undersøgelser. Histologiske analyser ikke kun komplet ekkokardiografisk undersøgelse men også blevet uundværligt når opløsningen af ekkokardiografi ikke er tilstrækkelig. Dette er især tilfældet i modeller af genmodificerede mus, der er embryonale dødbringende23,24.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) conjugated tetramethylrhodamine</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>W849</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biotinylated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody</td>
			<td>Vectorlabs</td>
			<td>BA-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Avidin/Biotin Blocking Kit</td>
			<td>Vectorlabs</td>
			<td>SP-2001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VECTASTAIN Elite ABC HRP Kit (Peroxidase, Standard)</td>
			<td>Vectorlabs</td>
			<td>PK-6100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VECTASHIELD Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI</td>
			<td>Vectorlabs</td>
			<td>H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SIGMAFAST 3,3&#39;-Diaminobenzidine tablets</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D4168</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxide solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H1009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Pecam-1 (CD31) antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab28364</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasound transmission gel, Gel Aquasonic 100</td>
			<td>Parker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Linear ultrasound probe, L15-7io</td>
			<td>Philips Healthcare</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Echocardiograph, IE33 xMATRIX</td>
			<td>Philips Healthcare</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope, Leica DMi8</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescence Filterset DAPI</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>11525304</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filterset TxR</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>11525310</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital Camera, SPOT RT3 Color Slider</td>
			<td>Spot Imaging</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Imaging Software, SPOT 5.2 Advanced and Basic Software</td>
			<td>Spot Imaging</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Imaging Computer</td>
			<td>Dell</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14028-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14501-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel blades</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10023-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graefe Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11650-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rodent shaver</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>34-0243</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cassettes for paraffin embedding</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>4155F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>neutral buffered Formalin</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>8727</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>8733</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffine TEK III</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>4511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>automated embedding apparatus, Tissue-Tek VIP</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>6032</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>paraffin-embedding station Tissue-Tek TEC 5</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>5229</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microtome blades,Accu-Edge S35</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>4685</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microscopy slides, Tissue-Tek</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>9533</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cover slips, Tissue-Tek</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>9582</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting medium Tissue-Tek</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>1408</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>slide boxes</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>3958</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>eosine solution</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>8703</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>hematoxyline solution</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>8711</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microtome, RM2125RT</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>720-1880 (VWR)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>water bath, Leica HI1210</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>720-0113(VWR)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>ACRO444220050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 ml tubes</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>734-0451</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>staining glass dish</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>MARI4220004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>staining jars</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>MARI4200005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Binder</td>
			<td>9010-0012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAB and urea hydrogen peroxide tablets, SIGMAFAST 3,3&#8242;-Diaminobenzidine tablets</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D4293</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS (10X)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>70011044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

echocardiographic and histological examination of cardiac morphology in the mouse

Et stigende antal genetisk modificerede musemodeller er blevet tilgængelige i de seneste år. Desuden er antallet af farmakologiske undersøgelser udført i mus høj. Fænotypisk karakterisering af disse musemodeller kræver også undersøgelse af hjertets funktion og morfologi. Ekkokardiografi og magnetisk resonans imaging (MR) er almindeligt anvendte tilgange til at karakterisere hjertets funktion og morfologi hos mus. Ekkokardiografisk og Mr udstyr specialiseret til brug i små gnavere er dyre og kræver en dedikeret plads. Denne protokol beskriver hjerte målinger i mus ved hjælp af en klinisk ekkokardiografisk system med en 15 MHz human vaskulær sonde. Målingerne udføres på bedøvede voksne mus. Mindst tre billedsekvenser registreres og analyseres for hvert dyr i M-tilstand i visningen parasternal kort-akse. Bagefter, cardiac histologisk undersøgelse udføres, og cardiomyocyte diameter bestemmes på hæmatoxylin-eosin- eller hvedekim agglutinin (WGA)-farves paraffinsnit. Fartøj tæthed er bestemmes morphometrically efter Pecam-1 immunfarvning. Protokollen har været anvendt med succes til farmakologiske undersøgelser og forskellige genetiske dyremodeller baseline betingelser, samt efter eksperimentel myokardieinfarkt af den permanente ligatur af den venstre forreste faldende koronararterie ( LUND). Vores erfaring, ekkokardiografisk undersøgelse er begrænset til bedøvede dyr og er muligt i voksen mus vejer mindst 25 g.

I figur 1viser repræsentative ekkokardiografisk optagelser nytten af ekkokardiografi til at identificere hjerte fænotyper i genmodificerede mus. Forskellen mellem en mus med normal hjertefunktion (figur 1A) og et dyr med en forstørrede venstre hjertekammer og nedsat LV funktion (figur 1B) kan let identificeres. Figur 2 viser en sammenligning af cardiomyocyte diameter ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Echocardiographic and Histological Examination of Cardiac Morphology in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Echocardiographic and Histological Examination of Cardiac Morphology in the Mouse

Ekkokardiografisk undersøgelse bruges ofte i mus. Dyre høj opløsning ultralyd enheder er blevet udviklet til dette formål. Denne protokol beskriver en overkommelig ekkokardiografisk procedure kombineret med histologiske morfometrisk analyser til at bestemme hjertets morfologi.

Ekkokardiografisk og histologisk undersøgelse af hjertets morfologi i mus

An increasing number of genetically modified mouse models has become available in recent years. Moreover, the number of pharmacological studies performed ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Assessment of Cardiac Function and Myocardial Morphology Using Small Animal Look-locker Inversion Recovery (SALLI) MRI in Rats

Assessment of Cardiac Function and Myocardial Morphology Using Small Animal Look-locker Inversion Recovery SALLI MRI in Rats

Vurdering af hjertefunktion og Myocardial morfologi Brug Small Animal Look-skab Inversion Recovery (SALLI) MRI i rotter

Small animal magnetic resonance  imaging is an important tool to study cardiac function and changes in myocardial  tissue. The high heart rates of small ...

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Tekniske aspekter af Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta ...

Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Mice

Ekkokardiografisk Vurdering af højre hjerte i mus

Transgenic and toxic models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are widely used to study the pathophysiology of PAH and to investigate potential ...

Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse

Noninvasiv Vurdering af abnormaliteter i hjertet i Experimental Autoimmune myocarditis ved Magnetic Resonance Imaging Microscopy i mus

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium, but only ~10% of those affected show clinical manifestations of the disease. To study the immune events ...

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Visualisering af<em&gt; Streptococcus pneumoniae</em&gt; Inden Hjerte småsår og efterfølgende Cardiac Remodeling

During bacteremia Streptococcus pneumoniae can translocate across the vascular endothelium into the myocardium and form discrete bacteria-filled ...

Do's and Don'ts in the Preparation of Muscle Cryosections for Histological Analysis

Huskeliste og hvad i Udarbejdelse af Muscle kryosnit for Histologisk analyse

Histological evaluation of muscle biopsies has served as an indispensable tool in the understanding of the development and progression of pathology of ...

Assessment of Cardiac Morphological and Functional Changes in Mouse Model of Transverse Aortic Constriction by Echocardiographic Imaging

Vurdering af Cardiac Morfologisk og funktionelle ændringer i musemodel for Tværgående pulsåresammensnøring ved ekkokardiografisk Imaging

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice has been used as a valuable model to study mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure1. A reliable ...

Dissection of the Mouse Pancreas for Histological Analysis and Metabolic Profiling

Dissektion af musen bugspytkirtlen for histologiske analyse og metabolisk profilering

We have been investigating the pancreas specific transcription factor, 1a cre-recombinase; lox-stop-lox- Kristen rat sarcoma, glycine to aspartic acid at ...

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla

Hjerte Magnetic Resonance Imaging på 7 Tesla

CMR at an ultra-high field (magnetic field strength B0&#160;&#8805; 7 Tesla) benefits from the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage inherent at higher ...