Name: echocardiographic and histological examination of cardiac morphology in the mouse
Uploaded: 2017-10-26T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Echocardiographic and Histological Examination of Cardiac Morphology in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Il lavoro è stato sostenuto dal governo francese (National Research Agency, ANR) attraverso il programma "Investimenti per il futuro" LABEX SIGNALIFE (riferimento ANR-11-LABX-0028-01) e da sovvenzioni a K. d. W. dalla Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, Fondation de France e pianificare l'Inserm di cancro. D. B. e V. a. ricevuto borse di studio dalla Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale e dalla città di Nizza, rispettivamente. L'ecocardiografo e il trasduttore sono state gentilmente fornite da Philips. Ringraziamo la Borderie r., S. Destree, M. Cutajar-Bossert, r. Landouar, r. Martres, r. Biancardini e S. M. Wagner per la loro assistenza di tecnico qualificato.

gli esperimenti descritti qui sono stati effettuati in conformità con le leggi pertinenti istituzionale e francese sul benessere degli animali, linee guida e criteri. Essi sono stati approvati dal comitato etico francese (Comité Institutionnel d &#39; Ethique Pour il &#39; animale de Laboratoire; numero NCE/2012-106).
 1. ecocardiografia <ol><li>determinare il peso del corpo del mouse usando una bilancia di laboratorio standard, tenendola leggermente dalla coda per assicurare il posiziona...

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	<li>Ormandy, E. H., Dale, J., Griffin, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+engineering+of+animals:+ethical+issues,+including+welfare+concerns.">Genetic engineering of animals: ethical issues, including welfare concerns.</a> Can Vet J. 52 (5), 544-550 (2011).</li><li>Karl, T., Pabst, R., von H&#246;rsten, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+phenotyping+of+mice+in+pharmacological+and+toxicological+research.">Behavioral phenotyping of mice in pharmacological and toxicological research.</a> Exp Toxicol Pathol. 55 (1), 69-83 (2003).</li><li>Phoon, C. K., Turnbull, D. 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F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiography+in+Mice.">Echocardiography in Mice.</a> Curr Protoc Mouse Biol. 1, 71-83 (2011).</li><li>Mor-Avi, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+and+evolving+echocardiographic+techniques+for+the+quantitative+evaluation+of+cardiac+mechanics:+ASE/EAE+consensus+statement+on+methodology+and+indications+endorsed+by+the+Japanese+Society+of+Echocardiography.">Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography.</a> J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 24 (3), 277-313 (2011).</li><li>Collins, K. A., Korcarz, C. E., Lang, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+echocardiography+for+the+phenotypic+assessment+of+genetically+altered+mice.">Use of echocardiography for the phenotypic assessment of genetically altered mice.</a> Physiol Genomics. 13 (3), 227-239 (2003).</li><li>Rottman, J. N., Ni, G., Brown, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+evaluation+of+ventricular+function+in+mice.">Echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular function in mice.</a> Echocardiography. 24 (1), 83-89 (2007).</li><li>Hart, C. Y., Burnett, J. C., Redfield, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+avertin+versus+xylazine-ketamine+anesthesia+on+cardiac+function+in+normal+mice.">Effects of avertin versus xylazine-ketamine anesthesia on cardiac function in normal mice.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 281 (5), H1938-H1945 (2001).</li><li>Moran, C. M., Thomson, A. J., Rog-Zielinska, E., Gray, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-resolution+echocardiography+in+the+assessment+of+cardiac+physiology+and+disease+in+preclinical+models.">High-resolution echocardiography in the assessment of cardiac physiology and disease in preclinical models.</a> Exp Physiol. 98 (3), 629-644 (2013).</li><li>Fayssoil, A., Tournoux, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analyzing+left+ventricular+function+in+mice+with+Doppler+echocardiography.">Analyzing left ventricular function in mice with Doppler echocardiography.</a> Heart Fail Rev. 18 (4), 511-516 (2013).</li><li>Schoensiegel, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+throughput+echocardiography+in+conscious+mice:+training+and+primary+screens.">High throughput echocardiography in conscious mice: training and primary screens.</a> Ultraschall Med. 32, S124-S129 (2011).</li><li>Yariswamy, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac-restricted+Overexpression+of+TRAF3+Interacting+Protein+2+(TRAF3IP2)+Results+in+Spontaneous+Development+of+Myocardial+Hypertrophy,+Fibrosis,+and+Dysfunction.">Cardiac-restricted Overexpression of TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2 (TRAF3IP2) Results in Spontaneous Development of Myocardial Hypertrophy, Fibrosis, and Dysfunction.</a> J Biol Chem. 291 (37), 19425-19436 (2016).</li><li>Jara, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac-Specific+Disruption+of+GH+Receptor+Alters+Glucose+Homeostasis+While+Maintaining+Normal+Cardiac+Performance+in+Adult+Male+Mice.">Cardiac-Specific Disruption of GH Receptor Alters Glucose Homeostasis While Maintaining Normal Cardiac Performance in Adult Male Mice.</a> Endocrinology. 157 (5), 1929-1941 (2016).</li><li>Kerr, B. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stability+and+function+of+adult+vasculature+is+sustained+by+Akt/Jagged1+signalling+axis+in+endothelium.">Stability and function of adult vasculature is sustained by Akt/Jagged1 signalling axis in endothelium.</a> Nat Commun. 7, 10960 (2016).</li><li>Wagner, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coronary+vessel+development+requires+activation+of+the+TrkB+neurotrophin+receptor+by+the+Wilms'+tumor+transcription+factor+Wt1.">Coronary vessel development requires activation of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor by the Wilms' tumor transcription factor Wt1.</a> Genes Dev. 19 (21), 2631-2642 (2005).</li><li>Wagner, K. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Wilms'+tumour+suppressor+Wt1+is+a+major+regulator+of+tumour+angiogenesis+and+progression.">The Wilms' tumour suppressor Wt1 is a major regulator of tumour angiogenesis and progression.</a> Nat Commun. 5, 5852 (2014).</li><li>Yang, X. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+assessment+of+cardiac+function+in+conscious+and+anesthetized+mice.">Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in conscious and anesthetized mice.</a> Am J Physiol. 277 (5 Pt 2), H1967-H1974 (1999).</li><li>Rottman, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+changes+in+ventricular+function+assessed+echocardiographically+in+conscious+and+anesthetized+mice.">Temporal changes in ventricular function assessed echocardiographically in conscious and anesthetized mice.</a> J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 16 (11), 1150-1157 (2003).</li><li>Qui&#241;ones, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recommendations+for+quantification+of+Doppler+echocardiography:+a+report+from+the+Doppler+Quantification+Task+Force+of+the+Nomenclature+and+Standards+Committee+of+the+American+Society+of+Echocardiography.">Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography.</a> J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 15 (2), 167-184 (2002).</li><li>van Laake, L. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+of+cell+therapy+and+assessment+of+cardiac+function+using+magnetic+resonance+imaging+in+a+mouse+model+of+myocardial+infarction.">Monitoring of cell therapy and assessment of cardiac function using magnetic resonance imaging in a mouse model of myocardial infarction.</a> Nat Protoc. 2 (10), 2551-2567 (2007).</li><li>Wagner, K. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Wilms'+tumor+suppressor+Wt1+is+expressed+in+the+coronary+vasculature+after+myocardial+infarction.">The Wilms' tumor suppressor Wt1 is expressed in the coronary vasculature after myocardial infarction.</a> FASEB J. 16 (9), 1117-1119 (2002).</li><li>Wagner, K. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+induction+and+inheritance+of+epigenetic+cardiac+hypertrophy+in+the+mouse.">RNA induction and inheritance of epigenetic cardiac hypertrophy in the mouse.</a> Dev Cell. 14 (6), 962-969 (2008).</li><li>Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S., Eliceiri, K. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NIH+Image+to+ImageJ:+25+years+of+image+analysis.">NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (7), 671-675 (2012).</li><li>Ruifrok, A. C., Johnston, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+histochemical+staining+by+color+deconvolution.">Quantification of histochemical staining by color deconvolution.</a> Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 23 (4), 291-299 (2001).</li><li>Lazzeroni, D., Rimoldi, O., Camici, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+Left+Ventricular+Hypertrophy+to+Dysfunction+and+Failure.">From Left Ventricular Hypertrophy to Dysfunction and Failure.</a> Circ J. 80 (3), 555-564 (2016).</li><li>Ismail, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunohistologic+labeling+of+murine+endothelium.">Immunohistologic labeling of murine endothelium.</a> Cardiovasc Pathol. 12 (2), 82-90 (2003).</li><li>Benton, R. L., Maddie, M. A., Minnillo, D. R., Hagg, T., Whittemore, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Griffonia+simplicifolia+isolectin+B4+identifies+a+specific+subpopulation+of+angiogenic+blood+vessels+following+contusive+spinal+cord+injury+in+the+adult+mouse.">Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 identifies a specific subpopulation of angiogenic blood vessels following contusive spinal cord injury in the adult mouse.</a> J Comp Neurol. 507 (1), 1031-1052 (2008).</li><li>Ayoub, A. E., Salm, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+morphological+diversity+of+microglia+in+the+activated+hypothalamic+supraoptic+nucleus.">Increased morphological diversity of microglia in the activated hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus.</a> J Neurosci. 23 (21), 7759-7766 (2003).</li><li>Maddox, D. E., Shibata, S., Goldstein, I. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulated+macrophages+express+a+new+glycoprotein+receptor+reactive+with+Griffonia+simplicifolia+I-B4+isolectin.">Stimulated macrophages express a new glycoprotein receptor reactive with Griffonia simplicifolia I-B4 isolectin.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 79 (1), 166-170 (1982).</li><li>dela Paz, N. G., D'Amore, P. 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Sono stati sviluppati diversi metodi per valutare la struttura cardiaca e funzione in topi, tra cui l'ecocardiografia, MRI contrapporre-aumentato, micro CT e scansione PET. Grazie alla sua economicità e semplicità, l'ecocardiografia è la tecnica più ampiamente usata per l'analisi funzionale in topi11. In generale, a causa delle piccole dimensioni del cuore e l'alta frequenza della frequenza cardiaca nei topi, trasduttori con una frequenza &#62; MHz 10 dovrebbe essere usato, anche se misure di ...

Una grande varietà di modelli murini geneticamente modificati sono disponibili e il numero di studi farmacologici nei topi è alta1,2. Ecocardiografia e MRI sono gli approcci comunemente utilizzati per la caratterizzazione fenotipica della funzione cardiaca e la morfologia in questi modelli del mouse3. L'obiettivo del protocollo presentato è quello di analizzare la funzione cardiaca e morfologia in topi adulti. Combina ecocardiografica, istologiche e immunohistochemical misurazioni. L'esame ecocardiografico è ampiamente usato in topi4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, 12. Pachon et al. 11 identificato 205 studi pubblicati in circolazione, Circulation Research, American Journal of Physiology - cuore e fisiologia circolatoriae Ricerca cardiovascolare tra il 2012 e il 2015 che utilizzato l'esame ecocardiografico in animali.
L'ecocardiografia è utilizzato per identificare fenotipi cardiaci in topi geneticamente modificati5,6,13,14,15,16, 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22, anche per analizzare la funzione cardiaca in ipertrofia indotta da sovraccarico cronico, l'ischemia del miocardio e modelli di cardiomiopatia in topi (rivisto in12). Migliorata l'ecocardiografia apparecchiature permettono la misura standard di sinistra-ventricolare dimensioni di sistolica e diastoliche (LV), formazione immagine di Doppler del tessuto, ecografia di contrasto del miocardio e la valutazione della funzione regionale di LV e riserva coronarica 12. idealmente, esame ecocardiografico dovrebbe essere effettuato nei topi coscienti per evitare gli effetti negativi dell'anestesia sulla funzione contrattile, controllo riflesso autonomo, e frequenza cardiaca11. Tuttavia, questo approccio è limitato dall'esigenza di addestrare gli animali; Difficoltà nel mantenere la temperatura corporea stabile; artefatti di movimento; stress; frequenze cardiache molto alte; e il requisito di almeno due investigatori eseguire l'esperimento, soprattutto se un gran numero di animali è sotto inchiesta. Interessante, uno studio recente ha non segnalato nessuna differenza nei parametri ecocardiografici in animali addestrati e inesperto19. Eseguiamo misurazioni ecocardiografiche nei topi anestetizzati. Protocolli di anestesia diversi saranno discusso di seguito.
Anche se l'ecocardiografia risoluzione standard (&#62; 10 MHz) è sufficiente per misurare LV sistolica e diastoliche dimensioni e funzione cardiaca nei topi adulti, il metodo è limitato nella sua descrizione di fenomeni strutturali sottostanti. Quindi, uniamo le misurazioni in vivo con istologici e immunohistological analisi per misurare, ad esempio, densità di diametro e la nave dei cardiomiociti. Altre indagini istologiche ed immunoistochimiche, quali la determinazione di proliferazione, esame di apoptosi, misure di dimensione di infarto, determinazione di fibrosi e di espressione di marcatori specifici, possono essere eseguite anche sullo stesso tipo di elaborati del tessuto, ma non sono oggetto del presente protocollo. La combinazione di esame ecocardiografico in vivo con analisi istologiche fornisce ulteriori approfondimenti alterazioni strutturali sottostanti. In un ulteriore passaggio, possiamo completare queste misure con le indagini ultrastrutturali e molecolari. Le analisi istologiche non solo completano l'esame ecocardiografico ma anche diventano indispensabile quando la risoluzione dell'ecocardiografia non è sufficiente. Questo è specialmente il caso in modelli di topi geneticamente modificati che sono letale embrionale23,24.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) conjugated tetramethylrhodamine</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>W849</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biotinylated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody</td>
			<td>Vectorlabs</td>
			<td>BA-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Avidin/Biotin Blocking Kit</td>
			<td>Vectorlabs</td>
			<td>SP-2001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VECTASTAIN Elite ABC HRP Kit (Peroxidase, Standard)</td>
			<td>Vectorlabs</td>
			<td>PK-6100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VECTASHIELD Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI</td>
			<td>Vectorlabs</td>
			<td>H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SIGMAFAST 3,3&#39;-Diaminobenzidine tablets</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D4168</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxide solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H1009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Pecam-1 (CD31) antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab28364</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasound transmission gel, Gel Aquasonic 100</td>
			<td>Parker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Linear ultrasound probe, L15-7io</td>
			<td>Philips Healthcare</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Echocardiograph, IE33 xMATRIX</td>
			<td>Philips Healthcare</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope, Leica DMi8</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescence Filterset DAPI</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>11525304</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filterset TxR</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>11525310</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital Camera, SPOT RT3 Color Slider</td>
			<td>Spot Imaging</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Imaging Software, SPOT 5.2 Advanced and Basic Software</td>
			<td>Spot Imaging</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Imaging Computer</td>
			<td>Dell</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14028-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14501-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel blades</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10023-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graefe Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11650-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rodent shaver</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>34-0243</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cassettes for paraffin embedding</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>4155F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>neutral buffered Formalin</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>8727</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>8733</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffine TEK III</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>4511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>automated embedding apparatus, Tissue-Tek VIP</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>6032</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>paraffin-embedding station Tissue-Tek TEC 5</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>5229</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microtome blades,Accu-Edge S35</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>4685</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microscopy slides, Tissue-Tek</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>9533</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cover slips, Tissue-Tek</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>9582</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting medium Tissue-Tek</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>1408</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>slide boxes</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>3958</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>eosine solution</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>8703</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>hematoxyline solution</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>8711</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microtome, RM2125RT</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>720-1880 (VWR)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>water bath, Leica HI1210</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>720-0113(VWR)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>ACRO444220050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 ml tubes</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>734-0451</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>staining glass dish</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>MARI4220004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>staining jars</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>MARI4200005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Binder</td>
			<td>9010-0012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAB and urea hydrogen peroxide tablets, SIGMAFAST 3,3&#8242;-Diaminobenzidine tablets</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D4293</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS (10X)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>70011044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

echocardiographic and histological examination of cardiac morphology in the mouse

Un numero crescente di modelli murini geneticamente modificati è diventato disponibile negli ultimi anni. Inoltre, il numero di studi farmacologici effettuati nei topi è alto. Caratterizzazione fenotipica di questi modelli del mouse richiede anche l'esame della morfologia e funzione cardiaca. L'ecocardiografia e la formazione immagine a risonanza magnetica (MRI) sono comunemente utilizzati approcci per caratterizzare la funzione cardiaca e morfologia nei topi. Apparecchiatura ecocardiografica e MRI specializzati per l'uso in piccoli roditori è costoso e richiede uno spazio dedicato. Questo protocollo descrive misure cardiache nei topi usando un sistema ecocardiografico clinico con una sonda vascolare umano 15 MHz. Misurazioni eseguite su topi adulti anestetizzati. Almeno tre sequenze di immagini sono registrati e analizzati per ogni animale in M-mode nella visualizzazione parasternale asse corto. In seguito, viene eseguito l'esame istologico cardiaco e del cardiomyocyte diametri sono determinati su ematossilina-eosina - o germe di grano dell'agglutinina (WGA)-paraffina sezioni macchiate. La densità del vaso è determinato morfometrico dopo Pecam-1 immunostaining. Il protocollo è stati applicati con successo agli studi farmacologici e diversi modelli animali genetici sotto condizioni di base, così come dopo infarto miocardico sperimentale di legatura permanente del (dell'arteria coronaria discendente anteriore sinistra LAD). Nella nostra esperienza, indagine ecocardiografica è limitata agli animali anestetizzati ed è fattibile in topi adulti peso corporeo di almeno 25 g.

Nella Figura 1, rappresentante registrazioni ecocardiografiche dimostrano l'utilità di ecocardiografia per identificare fenotipi cardiaci in topi geneticamente modificati. La differenza tra un mouse con la normale funzione cardiaca (Figura 1A) e un animale con un ventricolo di sinistra dilatato e ridotta funzione di LV (Figura 1B) possa essere facilmente identificata. Figura 2</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Echocardiographic and Histological Examination of Cardiac Morphology in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Echocardiographic and Histological Examination of Cardiac Morphology in the Mouse (Video) | JoVE

L'esame ecocardiografico è frequente nei topi. Sono stati sviluppati dispositivi costosi ultrasuono ad alta definizione per questo scopo. Questo protocollo descrive una procedura ecocardiografica conveniente combinata con analisi morfometriche istologico per determinare la morfologia cardiaca.

Esame ecocardiografico ed istologico della morfologia cardiaca nel topo

An increasing number of genetically modified mouse models has become available in recent years. Moreover, the number of pharmacological studies performed ...

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JoVE Journal

Medicine

Echocardiographic and Histological Examination of Cardiac Morphology in the Mouse

Assessment of Cardiac Function and Myocardial Morphology Using Small Animal Look-locker Inversion Recovery (SALLI) MRI in Rats

Assessment of Cardiac Function and Myocardial Morphology Using Small Animal Look-locker Inversion Recovery SALLI MRI in Rats (Video) | JoVE

Valutazione della funzione cardiaca e Morfologia miocardica Utilizzando Small Animal Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (SALLI) MRI nei ratti

Small animal magnetic resonance  imaging is an important tool to study cardiac function and changes in myocardial  tissue. The high heart rates of small ...

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Medicina

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

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Aspetti tecnici della fistola aorto-cavale mouse

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta ...

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Transgenic and toxic models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are widely used to study the pathophysiology of PAH and to investigate potential ...

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La valutazione non invasiva della Cardiac Anomalie in Experimental Autoimmune miocardite da Risonanza Magnetica Imaging Microscopy nel mouse

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium, but only ~10% of those affected show clinical manifestations of the disease. To study the immune events ...

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Assessment of Cardiac Morphological and Functional Changes in Mouse Model of Transverse Aortic Constriction by Echocardiographic Imaging

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Valutazione del Cardiac morfologiche e funzionali Variazioni modello murino di trasversale aortica costrizione da parte ecocardiografica Imaging

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice has been used as a valuable model to study mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure1. A reliable ...

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Dissezione del Pancreas del Mouse per l'analisi istologica e Profiling metabolico

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Risonanza magnetica cardiaca a 7 Tesla

CMR at an ultra-high field (magnetic field strength B0&#160;&#8805; 7 Tesla) benefits from the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage inherent at higher ...

Semi-automated Analysis of Mouse Skeletal Muscle Morphology and Fiber-type Composition

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For years, distinctions between skeletal muscle fiber types were best visualized by myosin-ATPase staining. More recently, immunohistochemical staining of ...