Name: a facile protocol to generate site-specifically acetylated proteins in escherichia coli
Uploaded: 2017-12-09T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了国立卫生研究院 (AI119813) 的支持, 这是来自阿肯色州大学的起步, 也是来自阿肯色州生物科学研究所的奖项。

1. 靶基因的定点诱变
注意: MDH 在pCDF-1向量中以CloDF13原点和20到 4034的副本号表示在 T7 启动子下。
<ol><li>介绍了琥珀色停止密码在该基因的位置140的引物 (向前底漆: GGTGTTTATGAC标记AACAAACTGTTCGGCG 和反向底漆: GGCTTTTTTCAGCACTTCAGCAGCAATTGC), 按照指示的网站定向诱变试剂盒。</li>
	<li>放大含有野生型苹果脱水基因的模板质粒, 通过聚合酶链反应 ...

<ol>
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Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lysine+Acetylation+and+Deacetylation+in+Brain+Development+and+Neuropathies.">Lysine Acetylation and Deacetylation in Brain Development and Neuropathies.</a> Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 15 (1), 19-36 (2017).</li><li>Hu, L. I., Lima, B. P., Wolfe, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+protein+acetylation:+the+dawning+of+a+new+age.">Bacterial protein acetylation: the dawning of a new age.</a> Molecular microbiology. 77 (1), 15-21 (2010).</li><li>Jones, J. D., O'Connor, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+acetylation+in+prokaryotes.">Protein acetylation in prokaryotes.</a> Proteomics. 11 (15), 3012-3022 (2011).</li><li>Bernal, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+bacterial+physiology+by+lysine+acetylation+of+proteins.">Regulation of bacterial physiology by lysine acetylation of proteins.</a> New biotechnol. 31 (6), 586-595 (2014).</li><li>Hentchel, K. L., Escalante-Semerena, J. 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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetically+encoding+N&#949;-acetyllysine+in+recombinant+proteins.">Genetically encoding N&#949;-acetyllysine in recombinant proteins.</a> Nat chem biol. 4 (4), 232-234 (2008).</li><li>Fan, C., Xiong, H., Reynolds, N. 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C., Schultz, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adding+new+chemistries+to+the+genetic+code.">Adding new chemistries to the genetic code.</a> Annu Rev Biochem. 79, 413-444 (2010).</li><li>Mukai, T., Lajoie, M. J., Englert, M., Soll, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rewriting+the+Genetic+Code.">Rewriting the Genetic Code.</a> Annu Rev Microbiol. , (2017).</li><li>O'Donoghue, P., Ling, J., Wang, Y. S., Soll, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Upgrading+protein+synthesis+for+synthetic+biology.">Upgrading protein synthesis for synthetic biology.</a> Nat Chem Biol. 9 (10), 594-598 (2013).</li><li>Chin, J. 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非氨基酸 (ncAAs) 的基因合并是基于对一个被分配的密码子的镇压, 主要琥珀色的中止密码子 UAG36,37,38,39, 由 ncAA 充电 tRNA包含相应的子。众所周知, UAG 密码子是公认的释放 factor-1 (RF1) 的细菌, 它也可以抑制附近同源转运从主机的标准氨基酸 (cAAs), 如赖氨酸和酪氨酸40,<sup class="xr...

转录后的修饰 (PTMs) 的蛋白质发生后, 翻译过程, 并产生了共价键增加功能基团的氨基酸残留, 在几乎所有的生物过程中扮演重要的角色, 包括基因转录, 应激反应, 细胞分化和新陈代谢1,2,3。到目前为止, 已确定了大约400独特的 PTMs4。基因组和蛋白质的复杂性在很大程度上被蛋白质 PTMs, 因为它们调节蛋白质活性和定位, 并影响与其他分子的相互作用, 如蛋白质、核酸、血脂和因子5。
在过去二十年中, 蛋白质乙酰化一直处于 PTMs 研究的前沿6、7、8、9、10、11、12。在组蛋白中首次发现的赖氨酸乙酰化超过50年前的13,14, 已被仔细检查, 并已知存在于超过80转录因子、调节器和各种蛋白质15中, 16,17。对蛋白质乙酰化的研究不仅为我们提供了对其调节机制的更深的了解, 而且也为一些因功能失调而引起的疾病进行了指导治疗18,19,20,21,22,23. 据认为, 赖氨酸乙酰化只发生在真核生物, 但最近的研究表明, 蛋白质乙酰化也发挥关键作用的细菌生理学, 包括趋化性, 耐酸, 活化, 稳定致病性岛屿及其他毒力相关蛋白24,25,26,27,28,29。
一种常用的方法来生化的特点赖氨酸乙酰化是使用定点诱变。谷氨酰胺被用作 acetyllysine 的模拟, 因为它的大小和极性相似。精氨酸被用作非乙酰赖氨酸的模拟, 因为它在生理条件下保留了正电荷, 但不能乙酰。但是, 这两种模拟都不是真正的 isosteres, 并且并不总能产生预期的结果30。最严谨的方法是在特定的赖氨酸残留物中生成均匀的乙酰蛋白, 这对于大多数经典方法来说是困难或不可能的, 因为在自然界中, 赖氨酸乙酰化的低化学计量性7,11。这一挑战已被解开的遗传代码扩展战略, 采用了工程 pyrrolysyl-tRNA 合成酶变种从Methanosarcinaceae物种的收费 tRNAPyl与 acetyllysine, 利用主机用于抑制 mRNA 中的 UAG 停止密码子的平移机械, 并指示在目标蛋白31的设计位置中合并 acetyllysine。最近, 我们优化了这个系统, 改进了 EF Tu 绑定 tRNA32和升级后的 acetyllysyl-tRNA 合成酶33。此外, 我们在苹果酸脱氢酶34和氨-tRNA 合成酶35的乙酰化研究中应用了这种增强的并网系统。本文以苹果酸脱氢酶 (MDH) 为例, 研究了从分子克隆到生物化学鉴定的纯乙酰蛋白的生成方法, 并以此作为演示的例证。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="615">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">Bradford protein assay</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5000006</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Protein concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">4x Laemmli Sample Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1610747</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SDS sample buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">Coomassie G-250 Stain</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1610786</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SDS-PAGE gel staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">4-20% SDS-PAGE ready gel</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4561093</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Protein determination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">Ac-K-100 (HRP Conjugate)</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Cell Signaling</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6952</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">IPTG</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">CHEM-IMPEX</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">194</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Expression inducer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:216px;">N&#949;-Acetyl-L-lysine</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">CHEM-IMPEX</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5364</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Noncanonical amino acid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">PD-10 desalting column</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17085101</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Desalting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Q5 Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">NEB</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E0554</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Introducing the stop codon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">BL21 (DE3) cells</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">NEB</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C2527</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Expressing strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">QIAGEN</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">27106</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Extracting plasmids</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">Ni-NTA resin</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">QIAGEN</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">30210</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Affinity purification resin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">nicotinamide</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N3376</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Deacetylase inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">&#946;-Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M6250</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Reducing agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">BugBuster Protein Extraction Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">70584</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Breaking cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">Benzonase nuclease</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E1014</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">DNase</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">ECL Western Blotting Substrate</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32106</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Chemiluminescence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">Premixed LB Broth</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">97064</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Cell growth medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">97061-416</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">western blots blocking</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a facile protocol to generate site-specifically acetylated proteins in escherichia coli

在蛋白质的特定位置发生的后平移修饰被证明在多种细胞过程中发挥重要作用。其中, 可逆赖氨酸乙酰化是最广泛分布在生活的所有领域之一。尽管已经进行了大量的质谱 acetylome 研究, 但对这些假定的乙酰化靶点的进一步定性是有限的。一个可能的原因是, 它是很难产生纯乙酰蛋白质在理想的位置, 大多数经典的生物化学方法。为了克服这一挑战, 基因编码扩展技术已被应用于使用一对工程 pyrrolysyl tRNA 合成酶变种, 其同源 tRNA 从Methanosarcinaceae物种, 以指导 cotranslational 公司成立acetyllysine 在特定的地点的蛋白质的利益。在首次应用于组蛋白乙酰化的研究中, 这种方法促进了对各种蛋白质的乙酰化研究。在这项工作中, 我们展示了一个简便的协议, 以生产现场特定的乙酰蛋白, 使用模型细菌大肠埃希菌作为宿主。以苹果酸脱氢酶为例。

乙酰 MDH 蛋白的产量为每 1 l 培养15毫克, 而野生型 MDH 为31毫克, 每 1 l 培养。用 SDS-页分析纯化蛋白, 如图 1所示。使用野生类型的 MDH 作为正控制34。从细胞中纯化的 acetyllysine (AcK) 合并系统和突变的mdh基因, 但在生长培养基中没有 AcK, 被用作阴性对照。用 acetyllysine 抗体检测纯化蛋白的赖氨酸乙酰化, 如图 2</stron...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli at JoVE.com

A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli

基因编码扩展是研究广泛的生物过程, 包括蛋白质乙酰化的有力工具。在这里, 我们演示了一个轻便的协议, 利用这种技术, 在特定的地点, 在大肠杆菌细胞生成均匀乙酰蛋白。

在大肠杆菌中生成特异的乙酰蛋白的简易协议

Post-translational modifications that occur at specific positions of proteins have been shown to play important roles in a variety of cellular processes. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli

Using Fluorescent Proteins to Visualize and Quantitate Chlamydia Vacuole Growth Dynamics in Living Cells

Using Fluorescent Proteins to Visualize and Quantitate Chlamydia Vacuole Growth Dynamics in Living Cells

利用荧光蛋白可视化和定量<em&gt;衣原体</em&gt;液泡生长动态的活细胞

The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia elicits a great burden on global public health. C.&#160;trachomatis is the leading bacterial cause of ...

科研

免疫与感染

Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

Neuropathogenic的非侵入型<em&gt;大肠杆菌</em&gt;感染乳鼠

Investigation of the interactions between animal host and bacterial pathogen is only meaningful if the infection model employed replicates the principal ...

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

噬菌体型组学：生理途径来表征新型病毒蛋白

Current investigations into phage-host interactions are dependent on extrapolating knowledge from (meta)genomes. Interestingly, 60 - 95% of all phage ...

One-step Negative Chromatographic Purification of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Overexpressed in Escherichia coli in Batch Mode

One-step Negative Chromatographic Purification of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Overexpressed in Escherichia coli in Batch Mode

一步法负色谱纯化<em&gt;幽门螺杆菌</em&gt;中性粒细胞激活蛋白过度表达<em&gt;大肠杆菌</em&gt;在批处理模式

Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). It plays a critical role in H. ...

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

表征形态变化的议定书<em&gt;艰难梭菌</em&gt;应对抗生素治疗

Assessment of antibiotic action with new drug development directed towards anaerobic bacteria is difficult and technically demanding. To gain insight into ...

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

非侵入性 体内生物发光系统检测小鼠宿主肠出血性大肠杆菌的定植

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7, which is a foodborne pathogen that causesdiarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HS), and hemolytic uremic syndrome ...

Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri

Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri

Transposon mutagenesis is a method that allows gene disruption via the random genomic insertion of a piece of DNA called a transposon. The protocol below ...

Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli

Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli

人类的过表达和纯化<em&gt;顺</emβ-肾上腺素转移酶<em&gt;大肠杆菌</em

Prenyltransferases (PT) are a group of enzymes that catalyze chain elongation of allylic diphosphate using isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) via multiple ...

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

一种研究人体 T 细胞召回反应的吸水泡协议

Cutaneous antigen-recall models allow for studies of human memory responses in vivo. When combined with skin suction blister (SB) induction, this model ...

Using Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-expressing Escherichia Coli to Assess Mouse Peritoneal Macrophage Phagocytosis

Using Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-expressing Escherichia Coli to Assess Mouse Peritoneal Macrophage Phagocytosis

增强型绿色荧光蛋白表达大肠杆菌评价小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬细胞增多

This manuscript describes a simple and reproducible method to perform a phagocytosis assay. The first part of this method involves building a ...