Name: detection of viruses from bioaerosols using anion exchange resin
Uploaded: 2018-08-22T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af midler fra CDC/NIOSH High Plains Intermountain Center for landbruget og sundhed (5U54OH008085) og Colorado Bioscience Discovery evaluering Grant Program (14BGF-16).

1. installation af Bioaerosol-kammer (Se figur 2)
<ol><li>
Pre-loade de flydende impingers med 20 mL 0,01 M fosfatbufferet saltvand, pH 7,5 (PBS).
	<ol>
<li>Der tilsættes 0,5 g anion makroporøst ionbyttermateriale og suspendere inden for PBS af en af de flydende impingers, med en anden flydende impinger tjener som kontrol.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Stilling flydende impingers parallelt inde i bioaerosol kammer med klemme stande med aerosol fjorde vender forstøver. Bemæ...

<ol>
	<li>Pirtle, E. C., Beran, G. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Virus+survival+in+the+environment.">Virus survival in the environment.</a> Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics). 10 (3), 733-748 (1991).</li><li>Nguyen, T. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+community-wide+outbreak+of+legionnaires+disease+linked+to+industrial+cooling+towers--how+far+can+contaminated+aerosols+spread?.">A community-wide outbreak of legionnaires disease linked to industrial cooling towers--how far can contaminated aerosols spread?.</a> The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 193 (1), 102-111 (2006).</li><li>Marks, P. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+airborne+transmission+of+Norwalk-like+virus+(NLV)+in+a+hotel+restaurant.">Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant.</a> Epidemiology and Infection. 124 (3), 481-487 (2000).</li><li>Marks, P. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+school+outbreak+of+Norwalk-like+virus:+Evidence+for+airborne+transmission.">A school outbreak of Norwalk-like virus: Evidence for airborne transmission.</a> Epidemiology and Infection. 131 (1), 727-736 (2003).</li><li>Corzo, C. A., Culhane, M., Dee, S., Morrison, R. B., Torremorell, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Airborne+detection+and+quantification+of+swine+influenza+a+virus+in+air+samples+collected+inside,+outside+and+downwind+from+swine+barns.">Airborne detection and quantification of swine influenza a virus in air samples collected inside, outside and downwind from swine barns.</a> PLoS One. 8 (8), e71444 (2013).</li><li>Anderson, B. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioaerosol+sampling+in+modern+agriculture:+A+novel+approach+for+emerging+pathogen+surveillance.">Bioaerosol sampling in modern agriculture: A novel approach for emerging pathogen surveillance.</a> The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 214 (4), 537-545 (2016).</li><li>Hietala, S. K., Hullinger, P. J., Crossley, B. M., Kinde, H., Ardans, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Environmental+air+sampling+to+detect+exotic+Newcastle+disease+virus+in+two+California+commercial+poultry+flocks.">Environmental air sampling to detect exotic Newcastle disease virus in two California commercial poultry flocks.</a> Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 17 (2), 198-200 (2005).</li><li>Jonges, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wind-mediated+spread+of+low-pathogenic+avian+influenza+virus+into+the+environment+during+outbreaks+at+commercial+poultry+farms.">Wind-mediated spread of low-pathogenic avian influenza virus into the environment during outbreaks at commercial poultry farms.</a> PLoS One. 10 (5), e0125401 (2015).</li><li>Otake, S., Dee, S. A., Jacobson, L., Torremorell, M., Pijoan, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+aerosol+transmission+of+porcine+reproductive+and+respiratory+syndrome+virus+under+controlled+field+conditions.">Evaluation of aerosol transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus under controlled field conditions.</a> The Veterinary Record. 150 (26), 804-808 (2002).</li><li>Wu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aerosolized+avian+influenza+A+(H5N6)+virus+isolated+from+a+live+poultry+market,+China.">Aerosolized avian influenza A (H5N6) virus isolated from a live poultry market, China.</a> The Journal of Infection. 74 (1), 89-91 (2017).</li><li>Choi, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+animal+markets+in+Minnesota:+A+potential+source+for+emergence+of+novel+influenza+A+viruses+and+interspecies+transmission.">Live animal markets in Minnesota: A potential source for emergence of novel influenza A viruses and interspecies transmission.</a> Clinical Infectious Diseases. 61 (9), 1355-1362 (2015).</li><li>Haig, C. W., Mackay, W. G., Walker, J. T., Williams, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioaerosol+sampling:+Sampling+mechanisms,+bioefficiency+and+field+studies.">Bioaerosol sampling: Sampling mechanisms, bioefficiency and field studies.</a> The Journal of Hospical Infection. 93 (3), 242-255 (2016).</li><li>Anderson, B. D., Lednicky, J. A., Torremorell, M., Gray, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+bioaerosol+aampling+for+airborne+virus+surveillance+in+swine+production+facilities:+A+mini+review.">The use of bioaerosol aampling for airborne virus surveillance in swine production facilities: A mini review.</a> Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 4, 121 (2017).</li><li>Verreault, D., Moineau, S., Duchaine, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+sampling+of+airborne+viruses.">Methods for sampling of airborne viruses.</a> Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 72 (3), 413-444 (2008).</li><li>Hogan, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sampling+methodologies+and+dosage+assessment+techniques+for+submicrometre+and+ultrafine+virus+aerosol+particles.">Sampling methodologies and dosage assessment techniques for submicrometre and ultrafine virus aerosol particles.</a> Journal of Applied Microbiology. 99 (6), 1422-1434 (2005).</li><li>Yu, K. -. P., Chen, Y. -. P., Gong, J. -. Y., Chen, Y. -. C., Cheng, C. -. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+the+collection+efficiency+of+the+liquid+impinger+for+ultrafine+particles+and+viral+aerosols+by+applying+granular+bed+filtration.">Improving the collection efficiency of the liquid impinger for ultrafine particles and viral aerosols by applying granular bed filtration.</a> Journal of Aerosol Science. 101, 133-143 (2016).</li><li>Perez-Mendez, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+a+simple+and+cost+effective+filter+paper-based+shipping+and+storage+medium+for+environmental+sampling+of+F-RNA+coliphages.">Evaluation of a simple and cost effective filter paper-based shipping and storage medium for environmental sampling of F-RNA coliphages.</a> J Virol Methods. 194 (1-2), 60-66 (2013).</li><li>Chandler, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Field-based+evaluation+of+a+male-specific+(F+)+RNA+coliphage+concentration+method.">Field-based evaluation of a male-specific (F+) RNA coliphage concentration method.</a> Journal of Virological Methods. 239, 9-16 (2017).</li><li>Perez-Mendez, A., Chandler, J. C., Bisha, B., Goodridge, L. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concentration+of+enteric+viruses+from+tap+water+using+an+anion+exchange+resin-based+method.">Concentration of enteric viruses from tap water using an anion exchange resin-based method.</a> Journal of Virological Methods. 206, 95-98 (2014).</li><li>Perez-Mendez, A., Chandler, J. C., Bisha, B., Goodridge, L. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+an+anion+exchange+resin-based+method+for+concentration+of+F-RNA+coliphages+(enteric+virus+indicators)+from+water+samples.">Evaluation of an anion exchange resin-based method for concentration of F-RNA coliphages (enteric virus indicators) from water samples.</a> Journal of Virological Methods. 204, 109-115 (2014).</li><li>Kammerer, J., Carle, R., Kammerer, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adsorption+and+ion+exchange:+Basic+principles+and+their+application+in+food+processing.">Adsorption and ion exchange: Basic principles and their application in food processing.</a> Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 59 (1), 22-42 (2011).</li><li>Chandler, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+the+improved+detection+of+aerosolized+influenza+viruses+and+the+male-specific+(F+)+RNA+coliphage+MS2.">A method for the improved detection of aerosolized influenza viruses and the male-specific (F+) RNA coliphage MS2.</a> Journal of Virological Methods. 246, 38-41 (2017).</li><li>Friedman, S. D., Cooper, E. M., Calci, K. R., Genthner, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+and+assessment+of+a+real+time+reverse+transcription-PCR+method+to+genotype+single-stranded+RNA+male-specific+coliphages+(Family+Leviviridae).">Design and assessment of a real time reverse transcription-PCR method to genotype single-stranded RNA male-specific coliphages (Family Leviviridae).</a> Journal of Virological Methods. 173 (2), 196-202 (2011).</li><li>Selvaraju, S. B., Selvarangan, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+three+influenza+A+and+B+real-time+reverse+transcription-PCR+assays+and+a+new+2009+H1N1+assay+for+detection+of+influenza+viruses.">Evaluation of three influenza A and B real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays and a new 2009 H1N1 assay for detection of influenza viruses.</a> Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 48 (11), 3870-3875 (2010).</li><li>Cademartiri, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immobilization+of+bacteriophages+on+modified+silica+particles.">Immobilization of bacteriophages on modified silica particles.</a> Biomaterials. 31 (7), 1904-1910 (2010).</li><li>Michen, B., Graule, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isoelectric+points+of+viruses.">Isoelectric points of viruses.</a> Journal of Appled Microbiology. 109 (2), 388-397 (2010).</li><li>Turgeon, N., Toulouse, M. J., Martel, B., Moineau, S., Duchaine, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+five+bacteriophages+as+models+for+viral+aerosol+studies.">Comparison of five bacteriophages as models for viral aerosol studies.</a> Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (14), 4242-4250 (2014).</li><li>Vergara, G. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+FRNA+coliphages+as+indicators+of+human+enteric+viruses+in+a+tropical+urban+freshwater+catchment.">Evaluation of FRNA coliphages as indicators of human enteric viruses in a tropical urban freshwater catchment.</a> Water Research. 79, 39-47 (2015).</li><li>Tung-Thompson, G., Libera, D. A., Koch, K. L., de Los Reyes, F. L., Jaykus, L. 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Denne protokol beskriver en metode til følsomme viral opsamling fra bioaerosols ved hjælp af modificerede flydende impingers. Metoden er optimeret til påvisning og kvantificering af virusmængde i bioaerosols. Den specifikke ændring demonstrerede her omfatter tilføjelse af anion ionbytteren til flydende indeholdt i en fælles flydende impinger. Denne metode blev udviklet for sin enkelhed i downstream prøve behandling, mens andre prøve behandling teknikker såsom centrifugering, filtrering og nedbør-baserede metod...

Formålet med denne metode er at skabe en yderst følsom bioaerosol prøvetagning platform for at lette molekylær detektion af negativt ladede vira fra bioaerosols. Mikroorganismer, herunder viruspartikler, kan overleve i bioaerosols i længere perioder af tid1. Bioaerosols kan rejse over relativt lange distancer og vedligeholde levedygtighed og smitteevne, som det fremgår af et udbrud af legionærsyge ' sygdom, der stammer fra industrielle køletårne beliggende i en afstand af 6 km fra de berørte personer og resulterede i 18 dræbte2. Indirekte overførsel af virus til mennesker medieres af bioaerosols kan forekomme i flere indstillinger og er påvist for norovirus udbrud i skoler og restauranter3,4. Tilsvarende, bioaerosol overførsel af virus kan forekomme i landbruget indstillinger såsom i svin og fjerkræ gårde, med denne transmission rute anses som en væsentlig faktor i bevægelse af virus mellem produktion faciliteter5, 6 , 7 , 8 , 9.
Effektiv prøveudtagning af virus-laden bioaerosols giver mulighed for forbedring i hurtig diagnostik og beredskabet med henblik på forebyggelse af udbrud, som vist i demonstrationer i hvilke H5 influenza en virus blev opdaget fra bioaerosols i levende dyr markeder i Kina og den USA10,11. Nuværende bioaerosol prøvetagning teknologier indebærer en række forskellige partikel capture principper og kan groft inddeles i impingers, cykloner, slaglegemer og filtre12. Det er ud over anvendelsesområdet for denne protokol til udtømmende dækning af alle fordele og ulemper ved disse platforme for udtagning af prøver af virus fra bioaerosols; dog kan det konstateres, at fleste af disse stikprøver enheder ikke er blevet optimeret til indsamling af vira og Bakteriofager13. Derudover er smitteevne af virale partikler ofte negativt berørt, med flydende impingers anses for at opretholde viral infektivitet mere effektivt end prøveudtagning enheder såsom solid slaglegemer eller filtre14. En ulempe ved flydende impingement er dog target fortynding virkning, som opstår, fordi virus er indsamlet i relativt store mængder (typisk ≥20 mL) af væske i indsamlingen fartøjets. En anden vigtig ulempe indebærer suboptimal effektiviteten af flydende impingers at koncentrere partikler < 0,5 µM i størrelse15. Dog kan opsamling effektivitet af disse enheder forbedres ved immobilisering på solid matricer, som immobilisering kan forbedre bevarelsen af viral nukleinsyrer og viral infektivitet16,17.
Vi har tidligere vist, at anion ionbytteren er et effektivt værktøj til opsamling og koncentration af virus fra flydende matricer, herunder F-RNA Bakteriofager, hepatitis A virus, human adenovirus, og rotavirus18,19 ,20. Som defineret af fabrikanten, er anion ionbytteren udnyttet i dette arbejde en macroreticular polystyren stærk base anion ionbytteren, hvor functionalized kvaternære amine grupper mægle tiltrækning og fange af anioner i en flydende medium21 . Derfor forventes anion ionbytteren til at fange virus med net-negative overfladeladninger, herunder mange enteriske virus, influenza-vira og andre vira, der er relevante for menneskers og dyrs sundhed.
Den nuværende protokol omfatter tilføjelse af anion ionbytteren til et flydende impinger. I dette system fungerer harpiks som en sekundær koncentration skridt for virale partikler fanget i impinger væske. Nukleinsyrer kan derefter direkte elueret i små mængder, giver en koncentreret prøve til molekylære analyser. Således, den største fordel ved denne metode er forbedringen af viral påvisning følsomhed, primært gennem reduktion i stikprøven volumen. Desuden, på grund af den iboende uspecifikke erobringen af negativt ladede vira, metoden er sandsynligt anvendes til påvisning af et stort antal virus af interesse. Her, er metoden, der påvist for vaccinestammer af type A og type B-influenzavira og FRNA coliphage MS2 (MS2). Disse vira detekteres efterfølgende ved hjælp af standard qRT-PCR assays som tidligere beskrevet22. End-point brugeren skal ikke forvente at støde på vanskeligheder ved udførelsen af denne metode, fordi ændringer i øjeblikket eksisterende udstyr ikke udgør større afbrydelser i den konventionel flow af bioaerosol prøvetagning og analyse.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Escherichia coli bacteriophage MS2 (ATCC 15597-B1)</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td>ATCC 15597-B1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FluMist Quadrivalent</td>
			<td>AstraZeneca</td>
			<td>Contact manufacturer</td>
			<td>Viral constitutents of this vaccine are subject to change on an annual basis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1855195</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primers and probes</td>
			<td>Integrated DNA Technologies</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.2 &#181;M sterile filter</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 L pyrex bottles or equivalent</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL pipet tips</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL pipettor</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL serological pipet</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR tubes</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet-aid or equivalent</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>52904</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QuantiTect Probe RT-PCR Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>204443</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amberlite IRA-900 chloride form</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>216585-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5368-10PAK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water (molecular biology grade)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>W4502-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf DNA LoBind Microcentrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>13-698-791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 50 mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes&#160;</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>14-432-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon Polypropylene Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>05-538-62</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SuperScript III Platinum One-Step qRT-PCR Kit w/ROX</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>11745100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SKC Biosampler 20 mL, 3-piece glass set</td>
			<td>SKC Inc.</td>
			<td>225-9593</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vac-u-Go sample pumps</td>
			<td>SKC Inc.</td>
			<td>228-9695</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collison nebulizer (6-jet)</td>
			<td>BGI Inc.</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPA capsule</td>
			<td>PALL</td>
			<td>12144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Q-TRAK indoor air quality monitor 8554</td>
			<td>TSI Inc.</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alnor velometer thermal anemometer AVM440-A</td>
			<td>TSI Inc.</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SidePak AM510 personal aerosol monitor</td>
			<td>TSI Inc.</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bioaerosol chamber</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

detection of viruses from bioaerosols using anion exchange resin

Denne protokol viser en tilpasset bioaerosol stikprøvemetoden for virus. I dette system, er anion ionbytteren kombineret med flydende impingement-baseret luft prøvetagning enheder for effektiv koncentration af negativt ladede vira fra bioaerosols. Således, harpiks, der fungerer som en yderligere koncentration trin i arbejdsprocessen bioaerosol sampling. Nukleinsyre ekstraktion af virale partikler foretages så direkte fra anion ionbytteren, med den deraf følgende prøve egnet til molekylære analyser. Yderligere, denne protokol beskriver et specialbygget bioaerosol kammer i stand til at generere virus-laden bioaerosols under en række miljøforhold og giver mulighed for løbende overvågning af miljømæssige variabler såsom temperatur, fugtighed, Vindhastighed og aerosol massekoncentration. Den vigtigste fordel ved at bruge denne protokol er øget viral påvisningsfølsomhed, der vurderes via direkte sammenligning med en umodificeret konventionel flydende impinger. Andre fordele omfatter potentiale til at koncentrere sig mangfoldigt negativt ladede virus, de lave omkostninger af anion ionbytteren (~$0.14 per prøve) og brugervenlighed. Ulemper omfatter denne protokol manglende evne til at vurdere smitteevne af harpiks-adsorberet viruspartikler, og potentielt behov for optimering af flydende prøveudtagning buffer anvendes inden for impinger.

Figur 1 viser princippet bag gebyr-baserede erobringen af virus fra bioaerosols via inddragelse af harpiks i væske-baseret impingers. Figur 2 viser opsætningen af specialbyggede bioaerosol kammer. Figur 3 beskriver de forskellige trin i oprettelsen af aerosolization eksperiment og foranstaltninger til at sikre kvalitetskontrol. Figur 4 viser forstærkning kurver for qR...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin at JoVE.com

Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin

En anion udveksle harpiks-baserede metode, tilpasset til flydende impingement-baserede bioaerosol prøvetagning af virus er påvist. Når kombineret med downstream molekylær detektion, giver metoden mulighed for facile og følsomme påvisning af virus fra bioaerosols.

Påvisning af virus fra Bioaerosols ved hjælp af Anion ionbytteren

This protocol demonstrates a customized bioaerosol sampling method for viruses. In this system, anion exchange resin is coupled with liquid ...

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