Name: inkjet printing all inorganic halide perovskite inks for photovoltaic applications
Uploaded: 2019-01-22T14:20:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, through the Nebraska MRSEC (Grant DMR-1420645), CHE-1565692, and CHE-145533 as well as the Nebraska Center for Energy Science Research.

CAUTION: Please consult the lab&#8217;s material safety data sheets (MSDS) before proceeding. The chemicals used in these synthesis protocols have associated health hazards. Additionally, nanomaterials have additional hazards compared to their bulk counterpart. Please use all appropriate safety practices when performing a nanocrystal reaction including the use of a fume hood or glovebox and the proper personal protective equipment (safety glasses, gloves, lab coat, pants, closed-toe shoes, etc.).
<p class="j...

<ol>
	<li>Weber, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CH3NH3PbX3,+ein+Pb(II)-System+mit+kubischer+Perowskitstruktur+/+CH3NH3PbX3,+a+Pb(II)-System+with+Cubic+Perovskite+Structure.">CH3NH3PbX3, ein Pb(II)-System mit kubischer Perowskitstruktur / CH3NH3PbX3, a Pb(II)-System with Cubic Perovskite Structure.</a> Zeitschrift f&#252;r Naturforschung B. 33, 1443-1445 (1978).</li><li>Weber, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=(+x+=+0-3+),+ein+Sn+(+II+)+-System+mit+kubischer+Perowskitstruktur.">( x = 0-3 ), ein Sn ( II ) -System mit kubischer Perowskitstruktur.</a> Zeitschrift f&#252;r Naturforschung B. 33, 862-865 (1978).</li><li>Kojima, A., Teshima, K., Shirai, Y., Miyasaka, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organometal+Halide+Perovskites+as+Visible-Light+Sensitizers+for+Photovoltaic+Cells.">Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 131, 6050-6051 (2009).</li><li>. National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL Best Research-Cell Efficiencies Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/images/efficiency-chart.png">https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/images/efficiency-chart.png</a> (2018)</li><li>Chen, Z., Wang, J. J., Ren, Y., Yu, C., Shum, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Schottky+solar+cells+based+on+CsSnI+3+thin-films.">Schottky solar cells based on CsSnI 3 thin-films.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 101 (9), 93901 (2012).</li><li>Sanehira, E. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+mobility+CsPbI+3+quantum+dot+arrays+for+record-efficiency,+high-voltage+photovoltaic+cells.">Enhanced mobility CsPbI 3 quantum dot arrays for record-efficiency, high-voltage photovoltaic cells.</a> Science Advances. 3 (10), 4204 (2017).</li><li>Jia, Y., Kerner, R. A., Grede, A. J., Rand, B. P., Giebink, N. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous-wave+lasing+in+an+organic-inorganic+lead+halide+perovskite+semiconductor.">Continuous-wave lasing in an organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite semiconductor.</a> Nature Photonics. 11 (12), 784-788 (2017).</li><li>Eaton, S. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lasing+in+robust+cesium+lead+halide+perovskite+nanowires.">Lasing in robust cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (8), 1993 (2016).</li><li>Yakunin, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-threshold+amplified+spontaneous+emission+and+lasing+from+colloidal+nanocrystals+of+caesium+lead+halide+perovskites.">Low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission and lasing from colloidal nanocrystals of caesium lead halide perovskites.</a> Nature Communications. 6, 1-8 (2015).</li><li>Fu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Broad+Wavelength+Tunable+Robust+Lasing+from+Single-Crystal+Nanowires+of+Cesium+Lead+Halide+Perovskites+(CsPbX3,+X+=+Cl,+Br,+I).">Broad Wavelength Tunable Robust Lasing from Single-Crystal Nanowires of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I).</a> ACS Nano. 10 (8), 7963-7972 (2016).</li><li>Jeong, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=All-Inorganic+CsPbI+3+Perovskite+Phase-Stabilized+by+Poly(ethylene+oxide)+for+Red-Light-Emitting+Diodes.">All-Inorganic CsPbI 3 Perovskite Phase-Stabilized by Poly(ethylene oxide) for Red-Light-Emitting Diodes.</a> Advanced Functional Materials. , 1706401 (2018).</li><li>Pan, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bidentate+Ligand-Passivated+CsPbI3Perovskite+Nanocrystals+for+Stable+Near-Unity+Photoluminescence+Quantum+Yield+and+Efficient+Red+Light-Emitting+Diodes.">Bidentate Ligand-Passivated CsPbI3Perovskite Nanocrystals for Stable Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and Efficient Red Light-Emitting Diodes.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 140 (2), 562-565 (2018).</li><li>Xiao, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+perovskite+light-emitting+diodes+featuring+nanometre-sized+crystallites.">Efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes featuring nanometre-sized crystallites.</a> Nature Photonics. 11 (2), 108-115 (2017).</li><li>Stoumpos, C. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crystal+growth+of+the+perovskite+semiconductor+CsPbBr3:+A+new+material+for+high-energy+radiation+detection.">Crystal growth of the perovskite semiconductor CsPbBr3: A new material for high-energy radiation detection.</a> Crystal Growth and Design. 13 (7), 2722-2727 (2013).</li><li>Ilie, C. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inkjet+printable-photoactive+all+inorganic+perovskite+films+with+long+effective+photocarrier+lifetimes.">Inkjet printable-photoactive all inorganic perovskite films with long effective photocarrier lifetimes.</a> Journal of Physics Condensed Matter. 30 (18), (2018).</li><li>Shoaib, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directional+Growth+of+Ultralong+CsPbBr3Perovskite+Nanowires+for+High-Performance+Photodetectors.">Directional Growth of Ultralong CsPbBr3Perovskite Nanowires for High-Performance Photodetectors.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139 (44), 15592-15595 (2017).</li><li>Swarnkar, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantum+dot-induced+phase+stabilization+of+a-CsPbI3+perovskite+for+high-efficiency+photovoltaics.">Quantum dot-induced phase stabilization of a-CsPbI3 perovskite for high-efficiency photovoltaics.</a> Science. 354 (6308), 92-96 (2016).</li><li>Kumar, M. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lead-free+halide+perovskite+solar+cells+with+high+photocurrents+realized+through+vacancy+modulation.">Lead-free halide perovskite solar cells with high photocurrents realized through vacancy modulation.</a> Advanced Materials. 26 (41), 7122-7127 (2014).</li><li>Burschka, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+deposition+as+a+route+to+high-performance+perovskite-sensitized+solar+cells.">Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells.</a> Nature. 499 (7458), 316-319 (2013).</li><li>Dirin, D. N., Cherniukh, I., Yakunin, S., Shynkarenko, Y., Kovalenko, M. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solution-Grown+CsPbBr+3+Perovskite+Single+Crystals+for+Photon+Detection.">Solution-Grown CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Single Crystals for Photon Detection.</a> Chemistry of Materials. 28 (23), 8470-8474 (2016).</li><li>Zhou, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vapor+Growth+and+Tunable+Lasing+of+Band+Gap+Engineered+Cesium+Lead+Halide+Perovskite+Micro/Nanorods+with+Triangular+Cross+Section.">Vapor Growth and Tunable Lasing of Band Gap Engineered Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Micro/Nanorods with Triangular Cross Section.</a> ACS Nano. 11 (2), 1189-1195 (2017).</li><li>Teng, K. F., Vest, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+Ink+Jet+Technology+on+Photovoltaic+Metallization.">Application of Ink Jet Technology on Photovoltaic Metallization.</a> IEEE Electron Device Letters. 9 (11), 591-593 (1988).</li><li>Habas, S. E., Platt, H. a. S., van Hest, M. F. A. M., Ginley, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-Cost+Inorganic+Solar+Cells:+From+Ink+To+Printed+Device.">Low-Cost Inorganic Solar Cells: From Ink To Printed Device.</a> Chemical Reviews. 110 (11), 6571-6594 (2010).</li><li>Leenen, M. A. M., Arning, V., Thiem, H., Steiger, J., Anselmann, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Printable+electronics:+Flexibility+for+the+future.">Printable electronics: Flexibility for the future.</a> Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science. 206 (4), 588-597 (2009).</li><li>Koolyk, M., Amgar, D., Aharon, S., Etgar, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinetics+of+cesium+lead+halide+perovskite+nanoparticle+growth;+focusing+and+de-focusing+of+size+distribution.">Kinetics of cesium lead halide perovskite nanoparticle growth; focusing and de-focusing of size distribution.</a> Nanoscale. 8 (12), 6403-6409 (2016).</li><li>Palazon, F., Di Stasio, F., Lauciello, S., Krahne, R., Prato, M., Manna, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+of+CsPbBr+3+nanocrystals+upon+post-synthesis+annealing+under+an+inert+atmosphere.">Evolution of CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals upon post-synthesis annealing under an inert atmosphere.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 4 (39), 9179-9182 (2016).</li><li>Scherrer, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bestimmung+der+Gr&#246;&#223;e+und+der+inneren+Struktur+von+Kolloidteilchen+mittels+R&#246;ntgenstrahlen.+Nachrichten+von+der+Gesellschaft+der+Wissenschaften+zu+G&#246;ttingen.">Bestimmung der Gr&#246;&#223;e und der inneren Struktur von Kolloidteilchen mittels R&#246;ntgenstrahlen. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu G&#246;ttingen.</a> Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu G&#246;ttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse. 2, 98-100 (1918).</li><li>Shekhirev, M., Goza, J., Teeter, J., Lipatov, A., Sinitiskii, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+Cesium+Lead+Halide+Quantum+Dots.">Synthesis of Cesium Lead Halide Quantum Dots.</a> Journal of Chemical Education. 94 (8), 1150-1156 (2017).</li></ol>

There are many parameters involved in the inkjet printing process that affect the final printed film. The discussion of all those parameters is beyond the scope of this protocol, but as this protocol focuses on a solution-based synthesis and deposition method, it is appropriate to give a short comparison to other well-known solution-based deposition methods: the spin-coating method and the doctor-blade method.
The spin-coating method is very fast, produces uniform films, and is low cost. The f...

Dieter Weber synthesized the first organic-inorganic hybrid&#160;halide&#160;perovskites in 19781,2. Roughly 30 years later in 2009, Akihiro Kojima and collaborators fabricated photovoltaic devices using the same organic-inorganic hybrid&#160;halide&#160;perovskites synthesized by Weber, namely, CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr33. These experiments were the beginning of a subsequent tidal wave of research focusing on the photovoltaic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites. From 2009 to 2018, the device power conversion efficiency dramatically increased from 3.8%3 to over 23%4, making organic-inorganic hybrid&#160;halide perovskites comparable to Si-based solar cells. As with the organic-inorganic halide-based perovskites, the inorganic halide-based perovskites started gaining traction in the research community around 2012 when the first photovoltaic device efficiency was measured to be 0.9%5. Since 2012 the all inorganic halide-based perovskites have come a long way with some device efficiencies measured to be over 13% as in the 2017 study by Sanehira et al.6&#160;Both the organic-based and inorganic-based perovskites find applications related to lasers7,8,9,10, light emitting diodes11,12,13, high energy radiation detection14, photo detection15,16, and of course photovoltaic applications5,15,17,18. Over almost the past decade, many different synthesis techniques have emerged from scientists and engineers ranging from solution processed methods to vacuum vapor deposition techniques19,20,21. The halide&#160;perovskites synthesized using a solution-processed method are advantageous as they can easily be employed as inks for inkjet printing15.
In 1987, the first reported use of inkjet printing of solar cells was presented. Since then, scientists and engineers have sought ways to successfully print all inorganic solar cells with attractive performance properties and low implementation costs22. There are many advantages to inkjet printing solar cells, as compared to some of the common vacuum based fabrication methods. An important aspect of the inkjet printing method is that solution-based materials are used as inks. This opens the door for trials of many different materials, such as inorganic&#160;perovskite-based inks, which can be synthesized by facile wet chemical methods. In other words, inkjet printing of solar cell materials is a low-cost route to rapid prototyping. Inkjet printing also has the advantages of being able to print large areas on flexible substrates and print by design at low temperatures in atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, inkjet printing is highly suitable for mass production allowing for realistic low cost roll-to-roll implementation23,24.
In this article, we first discuss the steps involved with synthesizing inorganic&#160;perovskite quantum dot inks for inkjet printing. Then, we describe the additional steps for preparing inks for printing and the actual procedures for inkjet printing a photoactive film using a commercially available inkjet printer. Finally, we discuss the characterization of the printed films which is necessary to ensure the films are of proper chemical and crystal composition for high quality device performance.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Oleic acid, 90%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>364525</td>
			<td>Technical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oleylamine, 70%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>O7805</td>
			<td>Technical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-octadecene, 90%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>O806</td>
			<td>Technical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone, &#62;95%</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>67641</td>
			<td>Certified ACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cesium Carbonate, 99%</td>
			<td>Chem-Impex</td>
			<td>1955</td>
			<td>Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexane, 98.5%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>178918</td>
			<td>Mixture of isomers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyclohexane, 99.9%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>110827</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lead(II) bromide, 98%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>211141</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lead(II) iodide, 99%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>211168</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

inkjet printing all inorganic halide perovskite inks for photovoltaic applications

A method for synthesizing photoactive inorganic&#160;perovskite quantum dot inks and an inkjet printer deposition method, using the synthesized inks, are demonstrated. The ink synthesis is based on a simple wet chemical reaction and the inkjet printing protocol is a facile step by step method. The inkjet printed thin films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescent spectroscopy, and electronic transport measurements. X-ray diffraction of the printed quantum dot films indicates a crystal structure consistent with an orthorhombic room temperature phase with (001) orientation. In conjunction with other characterization methods, the X-ray diffraction&#160;measurements show high quality films can be obtained through the inkjet printing method.

Crystal Structure Characterization
Characterizing the crystal structure is vital regarding the synthesis of the inorganic&#160;perovskites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed in air at room temperature on a diffractometer using a 1.54 &#197; wavelength Cu-K&#945; light source. Using the above protocols should lead to a room temperature orthorhombic crystal structure for the CsPbBr3 quantum dot inks as shown...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications at JoVE.com

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications (Video) | JoVE

A protocol for synthesizing inorganic-lead-halide hybrid perovskite quantum dot inks for inkjet printing and the protocol for preparing and printing the quantum dot inks in an inkjet printer with post characterization techniques are presented.

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

A method for synthesizing photoactive inorganic&#160;perovskite quantum dot inks and an inkjet printer deposition method, using the synthesized inks, are ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia (Video) | JoVE

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high ...

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions (Video) | JoVE

Dichloro-bis(aminophosphine) complexes of palladium with the general formula of [(P{(NC5H10)3-n(C6H11)n})2Pd(Cl)2] (where n = 0-2), belong to a new family ...

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks (Video) | JoVE

In additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, material is deposited drop by drop, to create micron to macroscale layers.  A typical inkjet ink is a colloidal ...

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique (Video) | JoVE

The number of well-characterized metalloid tin clusters, synthesized by applying the disproportionation of a metastable Sn(I) halide in the presence of a ...

Insights into the Interactions of Amino Acids and Peptides with Inorganic Materials Using Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Insights into the Interactions of Amino Acids and Peptides with Inorganic Materials Using Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy (Video) | JoVE

The interactions between proteins or peptides and inorganic materials lead to several interesting processes. For example, combining proteins with minerals ...

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films (Video) | JoVE

Organo-lead halide perovskites have recently attracted great interest for potential applications in thin-film photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Herein, ...

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications (Video) | JoVE

The rock material pentlandite with the composition Fe4.5Ni4.5S8 was synthesized via high temperature synthesis from the elements. The structure and ...

Stereolithographic 3D Printing with Renewable Acrylates

Stereolithographic 3D Printing with Renewable Acrylates (Video) | JoVE

The accessibility of cost-competitive renewable materials and their application in additive manufacturing is essential for an efficient biobased economy. ...

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers (Video) | JoVE

Bismuth-based hybrid perovskites are regarded as promising photo-active semiconductors for environment-friendly and air-stable solar cell applications. ...

Reactive Inkjet Printing and Propulsion Analysis of Silk-based Self-propelled Micro-stirrers

Reactive Inkjet Printing and Propulsion Analysis of Silk-based Self-propelled Micro-stirrers (Video) | JoVE

In this study, a protocol for using reactive inkjet printing to fabricate enzymatically propelled silk swimmers with well-defined shapes is reported. The ...