Name: stimulation location determination using a 3d digitizer with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation
Uploaded: 2019-12-20T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stimulation Location Determination using a 3D Digitizer with High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation at JoVE.com

这项研究得到了国家自然科学基金（31972906）、重庆海外归国学者创业与创新计划（cx2017049）、中央高校基础研究基金（SWU1809003）、开放中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室研究基金（KLMH2019K05）、重庆研究生研究创新项目（CYS19117）和合作创新研究计划基金北京师范大学基础教育质量评估中心（2016-06-014-BZK01、SCSM-2016A2-15003和JCXQ-C-LA-1）。我们要感谢奥蒂尔·图雷尔教授对本手稿初稿的建议。

该协议符合西南大学机构审查委员会的指导方针。
1. 确定刺激位置
<ol><li>审查文献并确认刺激位置（此处，rTPJ）19，20，21。</li>
</ol>2. 电极保持盖的准备
注：以下步骤如图1所示。
<ol><li>确保所有必要的材料都随时可用：3D数字?...

<ol>
	<li>Nitsche, M. A., Paulus, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Excitability+changes+induced+in+the+human+motor+cortex+by+weak+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation.">Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation.</a> Journal of Physiology. 527, 633-639 (2000).</li><li>Sellaro, R., Nitsche, M. A., Colzato, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+stimulated+social+brain:+effects+of+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+on+social+cognition.">The stimulated social brain: effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on social cognition.</a> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1369 (1), 218-239 (2016).</li><li>Chen, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sex-based+differences+in+right+dorsolateral+prefrontal+cortex+roles+in+fairness+norm+compliance.">Sex-based differences in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex roles in fairness norm compliance.</a> Behavioural Brain Research. 361, 104-112 (2019).</li><li>S&#225;nchez-Kuhn, A., P&#233;rez-Fern&#225;ndez, C., C&#225;novas, R., Flores, P., S&#225;nchez-Santed, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+as+a+motor+neurorehabilitation+tool:+an+empirical+review.">Transcranial direct current stimulation as a motor neurorehabilitation tool: an empirical review.</a> BioMedical Engineering Online. 16 (1), 76 (2017).</li><li>Dmochowski, J. P., Datta, A., Bikson, M., Su, Y., Parra, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+multi-electrode+stimulation+increases+focality+and+intensity+at+target.">Optimized multi-electrode stimulation increases focality and intensity at target.</a> Journal of Neural Engineering. 8 (4), 046011 (2011).</li><li>Seo, H., Kim, H. I., Jun, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Effect+of+a+Transcranial+Channel+as+a+Skull/Brain+Interface+in+High-Definition+Transcranial+Direct+Current+Stimulation-A+Computational+Study.">The Effect of a Transcranial Channel as a Skull/Brain Interface in High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation-A Computational Study.</a> Science Report. 7, 40612 (2017).</li><li>Datta, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gyri+-precise+head+model+of+transcranial+DC+stimulation:+Improved+spatial+focality+using+a+ring+electrode+versus+conventional+rectangular+pad.">Gyri -precise head model of transcranial DC stimulation: Improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad.</a> Brain Stimulation. 2, 201-207 (2009).</li><li>Turski, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extended+Multiple-Field+High-Definition+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+(HD-tDCS)+is+well+tolerated+and+safe+in+healthy+adults.">Extended Multiple-Field High-Definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) is well tolerated and safe in healthy adults.</a> Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. 35 (6), 631-642 (2017).</li><li>Datta, A., Elwassif, M., Battaglia, F., Bikson, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+current+stimulation+focality+using+disc+and+ring+electrode+configurations:+FEM+analysis.">Transcranial current stimulation focality using disc and ring electrode configurations: FEM analysis.</a> Journal of Neural Engineering. 5 (2), 163-174 (2008).</li><li>Edwards, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiological+and+modeling+evidence+for+focal+transcranial+electrical+brain+stimulation+in+humans:+a+basis+for+high+definition+tDCS.">Physiological and modeling evidence for focal transcranial electrical brain stimulation in humans: a basis for high definition tDCS.</a> Neuroimage. 74, 266-275 (2013).</li><li>Kuo, H. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparing+cortical+plasticity+induced+by+conventional+and+high-definition+4+x+1+ring+tDCS:+a+neurophysiological+study.">Comparing cortical plasticity induced by conventional and high-definition 4 x 1 ring tDCS: a neurophysiological study.</a> Brain Stimulation. 6 (4), 644-648 (2013).</li><li>Singh, A. K., Okamoto, M., Dan, H., Jurcak, V., Dan, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+registration+of+multichannel+multi-subject+fNIRS+data+to+MNI+space+without+MRI.">Spatial registration of multichannel multi-subject fNIRS data to MNI space without MRI.</a> Neuroimage. 27 (4), 842-851 (2005).</li><li>DaSilva, A. F., Volz, M. S., Bikson, M., Fregni, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrode+positioning+and+montage+in+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation.">Electrode positioning and montage in transcranial direct current stimulation.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (51), (2011).</li><li>Villamar, M. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technique+and+considerations+in+the+use+of+4x1+ring+high-definition+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+(HD-tDCS).">Technique and considerations in the use of 4x1 ring high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS).</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (77), e50309 (2013).</li><li>Jasinska, K. K., Guei, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuroimaging+Field+Methods+Using+Functional+Near+Infrared+Spectroscopy+(NIRS)+Neuroimaging+to+Study+Global+Child+Development:+Rural+Sub-Saharan+Africa.">Neuroimaging Field Methods Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Neuroimaging to Study Global Child Development: Rural Sub-Saharan Africa.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (132), (2018).</li><li>Logothetis, N. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What+we+can+do+and+what+we+cannot+do+with+fMRI.">What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI.</a> Nature. 453 (7197), 869-878 (2008).</li><li>Glover, G. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Overview+of+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Neurosurgery Clinics of North America. 22 (2), 133-139 (2011).</li><li>Zhu, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The easy and stable marking method for registering fNIRS data to MNI space by using 10-20 system. , (2012).</li><li>Young, L., Saxe, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+fMRI+Investigation+of+Spontaneous+Mental+State+Inference+for+Moral+Judgment.">An fMRI Investigation of Spontaneous Mental State Inference for Moral Judgment.</a> Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 21, 1396-1405 (2009).</li><li>Young, L., Cushman, F., Hause, M., Saxe, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+neural+basis+of+the+interaction+between+theory+of+mind+and+moral+judgment.">The neural basis of the interaction between theory of mind and moral judgment.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 104, 8235-8240 (2007).</li><li>Jurcak, V., Tsuzuki, D., Dan, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=10/20,+10/10,+and+10/5+systems+revisited:+their+validity+as+relative+head-surface-based+positioning+systems.">10/20, 10/10, and 10/5 systems revisited: their validity as relative head-surface-based positioning systems.</a> Neuroimage. 34 (4), 1600-1611 (2007).</li><li>Schestatsky, P., Morales-Quezada, L., Fregni, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+EEG+monitoring+during+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation.">Simultaneous EEG monitoring during transcranial direct current stimulation.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (76), (2013).</li><li>Klem, G. H., L&#252;ders, H. O., Jasper, H. H., Elger, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ten-twenty+electrode+system+of+the+International+Federation.+The+International+Federation+of+Clinical+Neurophysiology.+Cleveland+Clinic+Foundation.">The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Cleveland Clinic Foundation.</a> Electroencephalography &amp; Clinical Neurophysiology Supplement. 52, 3 (1999).</li><li>Society, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guideline+thirteen:+Guidelines+for+standard+electrode+position+nomenclature.">Guideline thirteen: Guidelines for standard electrode position nomenclature.</a> Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 1, 111-113 (1994).</li><li>Oostenveld, R., Praamstrac, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+five+percent+electrode+system+for+high-resolution+EEG+and+ERP+measurements.">The five percent electrode system for high-resolution EEG and ERP measurements.</a> Clinical Neurophysiology. 112, 713-719 (2001).</li><li>Saturnino, G. B., Antunes, A., Thielscher, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+importance+of+electrode+parameters+for+shaping+electric+field+patterns+generated+by+tDCS.">On the importance of electrode parameters for shaping electric field patterns generated by tDCS.</a> Neuroimage. 120, 25-35 (2015).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=L.+Real-time+Recording+System+of+Visual+Head+3D+Positioning+Information+(VPen).">L. Real-time Recording System of Visual Head 3D Positioning Information (VPen).</a> China patent. , (2014).</li><li>Ye, J. C., Tak, S., Jang, K. E., Jung, J., Jang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NIRS-SPM:+Statistical+parametric+mapping+for+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">NIRS-SPM: Statistical parametric mapping for near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> Neuroimage. 44 (2), 428-447 (2009).</li><li>Decety, J., Lamm, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+the+right+temporoparietal+junction+in+social+interaction:+how+low-level+computational+processes+contribute+to+meta-cognition.">The role of the right temporoparietal junction in social interaction: how low-level computational processes contribute to meta-cognition.</a> Neuroscientist. 13 (6), 580-593 (2007).</li><li>Villamar, M. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Focal+modulation+of+the+primary+motor+cortex+in+fibromyalgia+using+4x1-ring+high-definition+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+(HD-tDCS):+immediate+and+delayed+analgesic+effects+of+cathodal+and+anodal+stimulation.">Focal modulation of the primary motor cortex in fibromyalgia using 4x1-ring high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS): immediate and delayed analgesic effects of cathodal and anodal stimulation.</a> The Journal of Pain. 14 (4), 371-383 (2013).</li><li>Borckardt, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pilot+study+of+the+tolerability+and+effects+of+high-definition+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+(HD-tDCS)+on+pain+perception.">A pilot study of the tolerability and effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on pain perception.</a> The Journal of Pain. 13 (2), 112-120 (2012).</li></ol>

与传统tDCS相比，HD-tDCS增加了刺激的焦距。典型的刺激位点通常基于10-20脑电图系统。然而，确定这个系统以外的精确刺激点可能很困难。本文将 3D 数字化仪与 HD-tDCS 相结合，以确定 10-20 系统以外的刺激点。在这种情况下，必须明确定义制作和使用电极盖的步骤和预防措施。
一般来说，靶刺激区的位置来源于以往脑成像研究的结果，可以得到刺激区域在10-20国际系统或MNI坐标...

颅内直流刺激（tDCS）是一种非侵入性技术，可调节头皮上弱直流的皮质兴奋性。它的目的是确定神经兴奋性与健康人的行为之间的因果关系1，2，3。此外，作为一种运动神经修复工具，tDCS广泛用于治疗帕金森病、中风和脑瘫4。现有证据表明，传统的基于垫的tDCS通过一个相对较大的大脑区域5，6，7产生电流。高清晰度颅内直流刺激（HD-tDCS），中心环电极位于目标皮质区域上，由四个返回电极8、9包围，通过四环区域5、10增加焦距。此外，HD-tDCS引起的大脑兴奋性变化比传统的tDCS7、11产生的变化幅度更大，持续时间更长。因此，HD-tDCS在研究7、11中得到了广泛的应用。
非侵入性脑刺激（NIBS）需要专门的方法，以确保一个刺激位点存在于标准的MNI和Talairach系统12。神经导航是一种技术，允许映射颅内刺激和人脑之间的相互作用。其可视化和3D图像数据用于精确刺激。在tDCS和HD-tDCS中，头皮上刺激部位的常见评估通常是EEG 10-20系统13，14。该测量广泛用于在初始阶段13、14、15中放置tDCS垫片和光片支架，用于功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）。
在使用 10-20 系统时确定精确的刺激点可能很困难（例如，在节拍-波天交点 [TPJ]中）。解决这个问题的最好办法是使用磁共振成像（MRI）从参与者那里获得结构图像，然后通过使用数字化产品15将目标点与其结构图像进行匹配，从而获得精确的探针位置。MRI提供了良好的空间分辨率，但使用15，16，17是昂贵的。此外，一些参与者（例如，那些植入金属的人、幽闭恐惧症患者、孕妇等）不能接受MRI扫描仪。因此，非常需要一种方便、有效的方法来克服上述限制，提高确定刺激点的准确性。
该协议使用 3D 数字化仪来克服这些限制。与 MRI 相比，3D 数字化仪的主要优点是成本低、应用简单和便携性。它将个人的五个参考点（即Cz、Fpz、Oz、左前视点和右前视点）与目标刺激点的位置信息相结合。然后，它在受试者的头部产生电极的3D位置，并通过配合结构图像12、15中的大量数据来估计其皮质位置。这种概率配准方法能够在MNI坐标系中显示颅内映射数据，而无需记录主体的磁共振图像。该方法产生解剖自动标签和布罗德曼区域11。
3D数字化仪，用于根据结构图像的数据标记空间坐标，首先用于确定fNIRS研究中光子的位置。对于使用 HD-tDCS 的用户，3D 数字化仪可打破 EEG 10-20 系统的有限刺激点。四个回归电极和中心电极的距离是灵活的，可以根据需要进行调整。当使用3D数字化仪与该协议时，获得rTPJ的坐标，这超出了10-20系统。还显示了靶向和刺激人脑右节拍-腹腔结 （rTPJ） 的程序。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1X1 Low Intensity transcranial DC Stimulator</td>
			<td>Soterix Medical</td>
			<td>1300A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-dimensional Polhemus-Patriot Digitizer</td>
			<td>POLHEMUS</td>
			<td>1A0453-001</td>
			<td>PATRIOT system component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4X1 Multi-Channel Stimulation Interface</td>
			<td>Soterix Medical</td>
			<td>4X1-C3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dell desktop computer</td>
			<td>Dell</td>
			<td>CRFC4J2</td>
			<td>Master computer to run 3D digitizer application</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

stimulation location determination using a 3d digitizer with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation

丰富的神经成像数据和机器学习的快速发展使得研究大脑激活模式成为可能。然而，导致行为的大脑区域激活的因果证据往往缺失。颅内直接电流刺激（tDCS），可以暂时改变大脑皮质兴奋性和活性，是一种非侵入性的神经生理学工具，用于研究人脑中的因果关系。与传统的tDCS相比，高清晰度颅内直流刺激（HD-tDCS）是一种非侵入性脑刺激（NIBS）技术，产生更多的焦电流。传统上，刺激位置是通过10-20脑电图系统大致确定的，因为确定精确的刺激点可能很困难。该协议使用带有 HD-tDCS 的 3D 数字化仪来提高确定刺激点的精度。使用 3D 数字化仪演示了该方法，以便更准确地定位右侧节拍-端点 （rTPJ） 中的刺激点。

使用所介绍的方法，确定了rTPJ的坐标，这需要10-20系统以外的刺激点。首先，头形的周长应与实际头部相似。在这里，鼻咽到头型的长度为±36厘米，双前脑之间的长度为±37厘米。
生产电极盖的步骤指导 10-20 系统的测量位置。在这里，确定了 Nz、Iz、Cz、Fpz、Oz、Pz、T8、T7、C4、P8、O2、P4、C6、P6 和 CP6。在头皮上发现了 RTPJ 的大致位置（大约 CP6 和 P6 之间的中点）。中央电极和...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stimulation Location Determination using a 3D Digitizer with High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation at JoVE.com

Stimulation Location Determination using a 3D Digitizer with High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

这里介绍的是一个协议，以实现更高的精度，在确定刺激位置结合3D数字化仪与高清颅内直流刺激。

使用具有高清晰度颅内直接电流刺激的 3D 数字化仪确定刺激位置

The abundance of neuroimaging data and rapid development of machine learning has made it possible to investigate brain activation patterns. However, ...

该方法采用10-10系统克服了颅内直流刺激电极放置的局限性，提高了该方法的准确性和可重复性。该技术的主要优点是成本低、应用简单、可移植性强。此方法适合与其他技术（例如功能近红外光谱学）一起使用，以验证感兴趣的特定大脑区域的位置。如果您熟悉 10-10 系统的比例要求，此技术非常简单。演示程序将是陈宇吕，一个研究生。要准备一个电极保持帽，在头部上放置一个游泳帽，并测量鼻塞和内子之间的距离。若要本地化顶点，请使用外观标记来标记鼻和 inion 之间距离的中点，并测量前点之间的距离。标记前点的中点。两个中点相交的点是顶点。根据 10-10 系统，找到 CP6 和 P6，并标记这些点相交的适当中点，称为头皮上正确的节奏交汇点。然后根据目标调整四个返回电极的半径。并标记盖上的中心和返回电极位置。要获得 3D 数字化器测量，请使用金属扫描仪确认 3D 数字化环境是否无金属。将泳帽放在主体的头上，并使用帽上的参考标记将泳帽与头皮位置的国际 10-10 系统对齐。盖已到位时，使用 USB 接口将 3D 数字化器连接到计算机，并确认数字化软件是否可用并准备就绪。将源放在主体前面，将传感器的弹性绳索系在主体的头部周围。在数字化软件中，确认 3D 数字化器系统正在与软件通信，并使用手写笔和 10 厘米标尺长度记录零分和十分位以确认手写笔的准确性。在软件中，显示两个记录点之间的距离。然后收集参考点、中心电极和四个返回电极的位置数据。为满足功能近红外光谱实验的要求，选择并保存发射机探测器和通道选项。要启动刺激，请将充满电的电池安装到设备中，并连接传统的颅内直流刺激装置和四个一个刺激适配器。将五个银氯化物中心环形电极的电缆连接到四个适配器输出电缆上的匹配接收器。并测量主题的头部。将塑料装置盖放在主体的头上，并将五个塑料高清外壳嵌入游泳帽中。找到主题的顶点 FPZ 和 OZ，并调整盖上的参考，使其与头皮位置的国际 10-10 系统对齐。盖到位后，使用 3D 数字化器收集受刺激大脑区域的位置数据。接下来，使用塑料注射器的端子通过塑料外壳的开口小心地分离头发，直到头皮暴露，用导电凝胶覆盖暴露的皮肤。在设备上，打开四个一个多通道刺激适配器并设置质量值。确认默认设置为扫描，然后按模式选择按钮。从扫描切换通过，然后按极性按钮选择，中心阳极或阴极。调整传统颅内直流刺激装置上的设置，包括刺激持续时间、强度和假条件设置，并按下放松杆以切换到全电流。一旦一切设置完成，按启动按钮启动刺激。D.C将上升，直到达到目标电流，然后计时器将显示剩余时间。在刺激结束时，缓慢转动操纵杆，将电流调整为零，然后关闭电源。打开塑料盖，从外壳上取下银或氯化银烧结环电极，然后取下游泳盖。然后清洁仪器，并为主体提供清洁头发的材料。利用近红外光谱统计参数映射独立寄生函数，空间寄生函数生成MNI坐标。为了减少测量误差，计算了五个电极最终MNI坐标中三个数据点的平均值。在布罗德曼地区，获得解剖标签及其编号。每行之后的数字表示重叠的百分比。在解剖自动标签中，获得解剖标签和重叠百分比。对于 Broadman 区域和解剖自动标签，该值表示与大脑皮层重叠的百分比。请务必确保源和传感器在 3D 数字化测量期间都未移动。此过程可用于思维定位或研究大脑功能所需的任何其他定位。该技术还可用于个性化大脑刺激的精确定位。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

结合经颅磁刺激和功能磁共振成像检查默认模式网络

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

科研

神经科学

TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism

TMS：使用的Theta突发协议，以探索个人与脆性X综合征与孤独症的可塑性Mechasnism

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), also known as Martin-Bell Syndrome, is a genetic abnormality found on the X chromosome.1,2 Individuals suffering from FXS ...

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

经颅直接电流刺激电极定位和蒙太奇

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that has been intensively investigated in the past decade as this method offers a ...

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

经颅磁刺激在线联合方法对经颅交流电刺激对原发性运动皮层的影响

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulatory technique able to act through sinusoidal electrical waveforms in a specific ...

Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: An Update on Safety and Tolerability

远程监督的经颅直流电刺激: 安全性和耐受的最新进展

The remotely supervised tDCS (RS-tDCS) protocol enables participation from home through guided and monitored self-administration of tDCS treatment while ...

Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents

警惕啮齿动物的经颅电脑刺激

Transcranial electrical brain stimulation can modulate cortical excitability and plasticity in humans and rodents. The most common form of stimulation in ...

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

在线经颅磁刺激测量与反应抑制相关的皮质生理

We describe the development of a reproducible, child-friendly motor response inhibition task suitable for online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) ...

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

经颅直流电刺激与上肢机器人治疗的联合应用

Neurologic disorders such as stroke and cerebral palsy are leading causes of long-term disability and can lead to severe incapacity and restriction of ...

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Mice

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS) 在小鼠中的作用

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment for ...