Name: construction of local field potential microelectrodes for in vivo recordings from multiple brain structures simultaneously
Uploaded: 2022-03-14T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Construction of Local Field Potential Microelectrodes for in vivo Recordings from Multiple Brain Structures Simultaneously at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the National Institute of Health (RO1 NS120945, R37NS119012 to JK) and the UVA Brain Institute.

The present work is approved by the University of Virginia Animal Care and Use Committee. C57Bl/6 mice of both sexes (7-12 weeks) were used for the experiments. The animals were maintained on a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle and had ad libitum access to food and water.
1. Microelectrode construction
<ol>
	<li>To construct the microelectrodes, use 50 &#181;m (diameter) diamel-coated nickel-chromium wire (see Table of Materials). Tape one end of the wire ...

<ol>
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Historically, microelectrode arrays have been extensively used to record neuronal activity from a specific brain region of interest2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,13. However, our easy microelectrode design allows recording from multiple ...

Local field potentials (LFPs) are the electric potentials recorded from the extracellular space in the brain. They are generated by ion concentration imbalances outside of neurons and represent the activity of a small, localized population of neurons, allowing to precisely monitor the activity of a specific brain region compared to the macroscale EEG recordings1. As an estimate, the LFP microelectrodes separated by 1 mm correspond to two completely different populations of neurons. While EEG signal is filtered by brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, skull, muscle, and skin, LFP signal is a reliable marker of local neuronal activity1.
Researchers often need to simultaneously record LFPs from several brain structures, but commercially available microelectrode arrays often do not offer such flexibility. Here, the present protocol describes fully customizable, easily constructed microelectrodes to simultaneously record LFPs from any desired brain region at different depths. Although LFPs have extensively been used to record the neuronal activity of a specific brain region2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, the current easy customizable design allows recording LFPs from any multiple superficial or deep brain regions11,12. The protocol can also be modified to construct any desired microelectrode array by determining stereotaxic coordinates of the brain regions and assembling the array accordingly. These microelectrodes with a 10 kHz sampling rate and 60-70 k&#8486; resistance (2 cm length) allow us to record LFPs with millisecond precision. The data can then be amplified by a 16-channel amplifier, filtered (low pass 1 Hz, high pass 5 kHz), and digitized.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Amplifier 16-Channel</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>Model 3600</td>
			<td>Amplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cranioplasty cement</td>
			<td>Coltene</td>
			<td>Perm Reeline/Repair Resin Type II Class I Shade - Clear</td>
			<td>Cement to hold microelectrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryostat Microtome</td>
			<td>Precisionary</td>
			<td>CF-6100</td>
			<td>To slice brain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diamel-coatednickel-chromium wire</td>
			<td>Johnson Matthey Inc.</td>
			<td>50 &#181;m</td>
			<td>Microelectrode wire</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dremel</td>
			<td>Dremel</td>
			<td>300 Series</td>
			<td>To drill holes in mouse skull</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epoxy</td>
			<td>CEC Corp</td>
			<td>C-POXY 5</td>
			<td>Fast setting adhesive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostat</td>
			<td>Any</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>To hold the headset</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Any</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>To hold microelectrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>SMZ-10</td>
			<td>To see alignment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ohmmeter</td>
			<td>Any</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>To measurre resistance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pins (Headers and matching Sockets)</td>
			<td>Mill-Max</td>
			<td>Interconnects, 833 series, 2 mm grid gull wing surface mount headers and sockets</td>
			<td>To attach microelectrodes to</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polymicro Tubing Kit</td>
			<td>Neuralynx</td>
			<td>ID 100 &#177; 04 &#181;m, OD 164 &#177; 06 &#181;m, coating thickness 12 &#181;m</td>
			<td>Glass tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pulse Stimulator</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>Model 2100</td>
			<td>To mark the microelectrode location at the end of the recordings</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>Any</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>To cut microelectrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superglue</td>
			<td>Gorilla</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Adhesive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thick wire 0.008 in. &#8211; 0.011 in.</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>791900</td>
			<td>Tick wire to hold the microelectrode array</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thin wire 0.005 in. - 0.008 in.</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>791400</td>
			<td>Thin wire for reference and ground</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

construction of local field potential microelectrodes for in vivo recordings from multiple brain structures simultaneously

Researchers often need to record local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from several brain structures. Recording from multiple desired brain regions requires different microelectrode designs, but commercially available microelectrode arrays often do not offer such flexibility. Here, the present protocol outlines the straightforward design of custom-made microelectrode arrays to record LFPs from multiple brain structures simultaneously at different depths. This work describes the construction of the bilateral cortical, striatal, ventrolateral thalamic, and nigral microelectrodes as an example. The outlined design principle offers flexibility, and the microelectrodes can be modified and customized to record LFPs from any structure by calculating stereotaxic coordinates and quickly changing the construction accordingly to target different brain regions in either freely moving or anesthetized mice. The microelectrode assembly requires standard tools and supplies. These custom microelectrode arrays allow investigators to easily design microelectrode arrays in any configuration to track neuronal activity, providing LFP recordings with millisecond resolution.

In this work, the LFP microelectrodes were used to map the seizure spread through the basal ganglia11. Simultaneous LFP recordings were performed from the right premotor cortex (where the seizure focus was) and the left VL, striatum, and SNR (Figure 4). Seizure start was identified as deflection of the voltage trace at least twice the baseline (Figure 4A, red arrow). The power spectrum plot11&#160;shows frequency d...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Construction of Local Field Potential Microelectrodes for in vivo Recordings from Multiple Brain Structures Simultaneously at JoVE.com

Construction of Local Field Potential Microelectrodes for in vivo Recordings from Multiple Brain Structures Simultaneously

The present protocol describes the construction of custom-made microelectrode arrays to record local field potentials in vivo from multiple brain structures simultaneously.

Construction of Local Field Potential Microelectrodes for in vivo Recordings from Multiple Brain Structures Simultaneously

Researchers often need to record local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from several brain structures. Recording from multiple desired brain regions ...

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