Name: isolation, culture, and characterization of dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous and permanent teeth
Uploaded: 2024-05-17T13:10:00
Description: Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth at JoVE.com

Författarna är tacksamma mot Dr. Mathew Mazhavancheril, chef och chef för Pushpagiri Research Centre i Thiruvalla, för hans stöd i dokumentationen av procedurerna vid forskningscentret.

Protokollet som beskrivs häri överensstämmer med riktlinjerna från den institutionella etiska kommittén för mänsklig forskning (IRB, Pushpagiri Research Center, Kerala). Användningen av utdragna tänder genomfördes enligt etiska standarder för att säkerställa deltagarnas integritet, värdighet och rättigheter. Deltagarna som valdes ut för denna studie var friska individer under 30 år som behövde tandutdragning för ortodontisk behandling. De med omfattande karies eller svår parodontit exkluderades från ...

Protokollet beskriver isolering, odling och karakterisering av tandpulpastamceller (DPSC) från mänskliga lövfällande och permanenta tänder. Den innehåller en beskrivning av lagring och proliferation av dessa celler, samt en bedömning av deras potential för differentiering in vitro i osteoblaster, adipocyter och kondrocyter35.
Chen et al.36 visade att tandpulpstamceller (DPSC) kunde erhållas från olika k?...

Stamcellsforskning har blomstrat inom biomedicinsk vetenskap på grund av dess lovande tillämpningar inom regenerativ medicin och vävnadsteknik. Tandpulpastamceller (DPSC), som härrör från pulpavävnaden från både mänskliga lövfällande och permanenta tänder, har väckt stort intresse som en källa till stamceller på grund av deras tillgänglighet och multipotenta kapacitet 1,2. Dessa celler har potential att differentiera till olika celltyper, inklusive adipocyter, osteoblaster och kondrocyter, vilket bekräftats av många studier3.
Under de senaste decennierna har forskning och terapeutiska tillämpningar av stamceller ökat. Stamcellernas expansiva potential kräver en diversifiering av de källor från vilka de erhålls. Flera faktorer påverkar effektiviteten, livskraften och stamkvaliteten hos valda celler. Trots att det finns olika kända stamcellsreservoarer, såsom benmärg och fettvävnad, begränsar de invasiva procedurerna, morbiditeten på platsen och de etiska problem som är kopplade till dessa källor ofta deras utforskning 4,5. Bland de olika stamcellskällorna har dentala stamceller fått uppmärksamhet på grund av deras lättillgänglighet, höga plasticitet och olika potentiella tillämpningar. I synnerhet mänskliga tandpulpastamceller har undersökts i stor utsträckning för sina terapeutiska möjligheter6. Tänder, som vanligtvis kasseras som medicinskt avfall, innehåller en mängd mesenkymala stamceller7. Att skydda denna värdefulla stamcellspool kräver gemensamma ansträngningar från patienter, tandläkare och läkare för att säkerställa att dessa resurser inte slösas bort, vilket gör varje tandpulpastamcell tillgänglig för framtida regenerativa behov.
Stamceller från tandpulpa, såsom mänskliga vuxna tandpulpastamceller (DPSC) och stamceller från exfolierade mänskliga lövtänder (SHED), är belägna i den perivaskulära nischen av tandpulpan. Dessa celler tros härstamma från kraniala neuralkammarceller och uppvisar tidiga markörer för både mesenkymala stamceller (MSC) och neuroektodermala stamceller. DPSC och SHEDs har visat multipotens och förmågan att regenerera olika vävnadstyper8.
Potentiella källor till tandstamceller är bland annat friska, lövfällande och permanenta tänder. Stamceller utgör endast cirka 1 % av den totala cellpopulationen i pulpan, vilket belyser vikten av effektiva isolerings- och expansionstekniker9. Följaktligen är extraktionen och expansionen av dessa stamceller centrala steg i DPSC-isolering10. Extraherade eller exfolierade tänder måste förvaras i ett näringsrikt transportmedium, såsom fosfatbuffrad koksaltlösning (PBS) eller Hanks-buffrad koksaltlösning (HBSS).
Att erhålla tandpulpa kan uppnås genom olika metoder, beroende på tandtyp 7,11. För mjölktänder med resorberade rötter kan extraktion utföras via rotspetsen. På samma sätt kan sterila hullingförsedda broscher användas för att erhålla pulpa från permanenta tänder med en omogen öppen spets. När det gäller permanenta tänder med fullt utvecklade rötter innebär åtkomst till pulpakammaren att tandkronan separeras från roten. Detta åstadkoms genom att skära tanden med hjälp av en diamantskiva vid cementemaljövergången. Detta snitt exponerar pulpakammaren, vilket gör det möjligt att hämta pulpavävnaden 12,13,14.
Stamceller från tandpulpan (DPSC) kan isoleras genom enzymatisk nedbrytning (ED) eller utväxt från vävnadsexplantat (OG), även känt som spontan tillväxt. ED-metoden använder enzymer, främst kollagenas I och dispas, för att bryta ner vävnaden till encelliga suspensioner15,16. OG-metoden, som är enklare och snabbare, innebär att man hackar sönder fruktköttsfragmenten och direkt placerar dem i en odlingsplatta, vilket gör att celler kan växa från vävnadsexplantorna17. Forskare har använt och jämfört båda teknikerna för att bedöma cellproliferationshastigheter, bevarande av isolerade stamcellsegenskaper, differentiering och ytmarköruttryck18. Att etablera och standardisera protokoll för att förvärva DPSC med hög effektivitet och stamstyrka kan bana väg för effektiva och säkra behandlingar19. Detta protokoll omfattar extraktion av DPSC med hjälp av enzymatisk nedbrytning, laboratoriebearbetning, konservering och celldifferentiering med kolorimetrisk färgning för adipogenes, osteogenes och kondrogenes.
Protokollet som beskrivs i denna artikel presenterar en steg-för-steg-procedur, som börjar med den initiala isoleringen av tandpulpan från tanden, följt av odling och underhåll av DPSC i laboratoriet och avslutas med deras karakterisering med hjälp av specifika stamcellsmarkörer (figur 1). Teknikerna för att inducera dessa stamceller till olika cellinjer, med betoning på deras multipotens, beskrivs också.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3-isobuty-l-methyl-xanthine&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>I5879</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>AS001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcian Blue&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>RM471</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alizarin Red S staining solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>GRM894</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase -Staining kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alpha Minimum Essential Medium (&#945;-MEM)&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alpha Minimum Essential Medium (&#945;-MEM)&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alpha-MEM, or Alpha Minimum Essential Medium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alpha-MEM, or Alpha Minimum Essential Medium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibiotic/Antimycotic</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>P4333</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ascorbate-2-phosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>012-04802</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beta-glycerophosphate&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>G9422-10G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biosafety cabinet-Laminar flow hood</td>
			<td>Labconco Corporation,MO 64132-2696,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD90, CD105, CD73, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR</td>
			<td>BioLegend, Inc.CA 92121,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell strainer (70 &#181;m )</td>
			<td>HiMedia Laboratories&#160; Ltd.Mumbai,India</td>
			<td>TCP025</td>
			<td>Cell strainer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>REMI Elektrotechnik Limited (REMI)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>HiMedia Laboratories&#160; Ltd.Mumbai,India</td>
			<td>1101 | 1102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase type I</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochem. Corp. NJ 08701, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase type I</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochem. Corp. NJ 08701, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Complete Growth Medium</td>
			<td>HiMedia Laboratories&#160; Ltd.Mumbai,India</td>
			<td>AT006</td>
			<td>DMEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conical tubes (15 or 50 )</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA</td>
			<td>546021P/546041P</td>
			<td>15 mL and 50 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryo freezing container</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td>15-350-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryolabels</td>
			<td>Label India:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryovial storage boxes&#160;</td>
			<td>Cryostore Storage Boxes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryovials</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryovials (1.8 mL)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td>PW1282</td>
			<td>Self standing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Culture flask (25 cm&#178;)</td>
			<td>Corning Inc.NY 14831,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Culture flasks</td>
			<td>HiMedia Laboratories&#160; Ltd.Mumbai,India</td>
			<td>TCG4/TCG6</td>
			<td>T25/T75</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Culture Plates</td>
			<td>HiMedia Laboratories&#160; Ltd.Mumbai,India</td>
			<td>TCP129/TCP008</td>
			<td>60 mm/100 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental Diamond Discs</td>
			<td>Komet SC 29730, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Komet&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental Spoon Excavator</td>
			<td>Brasseler,GA 31419,USA</td>
			<td>5023591U0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>D4902-25MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethosone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>D4902-25MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethosone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>D4902-25MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>TC185</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase</td>
			<td>Roche Diagnostics,Mannheim,Germany.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase</td>
			<td>Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim,Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol (70%)</td>
			<td>HiMedia Laboratories&#160; Ltd.Mumbai,India</td>
			<td>MB106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol -70%</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extraction forceps&#160;</td>
			<td>Dentsply Sirona, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.,MA,USA</td>
			<td>F2442-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.,MA,USA</td>
			<td>F2442-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>HiMedia Laboratories&#160; Ltd.Mumbai,India</td>
			<td>RM9954</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.,MA,USA</td>
			<td>F2442-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.,MA,USA</td>
			<td>F2442-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibronectin-coated tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>Corning Inc.Corning, NY 14831,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flow cytometer</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences,CA 95131,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flow cytometry buffer</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences,CA 95131,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass cover slip 22 x 22 mm</td>
			<td>HiMedia Laboratories&#160; Ltd.Mumbai,India</td>
			<td>TCP017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hank&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS)</td>
			<td>Lonza Group Ltd,4002 Basel, Switzerland</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-speed dental handpiece&#160;</td>
			<td>NSK Ltd,Tokyo 8216, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Ti-Max Z series</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse Serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IBMX, or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Indomethacin</td>
			<td>Pfizer Inc. NY 10017,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td>I5523</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td>I5523</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS) premix</td>
			<td>Corning Incorporated,MA 01876,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus Corp.,Tokyo 163-0914,Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropanol (60% )</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>I9516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl alcohol&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>MB063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminar flow hood</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lidocaine mixed with epinephrine</td>
			<td>DENTSPLY,NC 28277,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Citanest</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liquid Nitrogen</td>
			<td>Air Liquide,75007 Paris,France</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liquid nitrogen storage tank</td>
			<td>Cryo Scientific Systems Pvt. Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipettes</td>
			<td>Eppendorf AG,22339 Hamburg,Germany</td>
			<td>30020</td>
			<td>Accupipet-2-20 &#181;L</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini tissue grinder</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad Lab, Inc. CA 94547,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>ReadyPrep mini grinders</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Minus 80 freezer</td>
			<td>Blue Star Limited</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neubauer counting chamber</td>
			<td>Marienfeld Superior,arktheidenfeld,Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oil red O stain</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>1024190250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Osteogenic Differentiation Medium (ODM)&#160;</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies Inc.Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1B3,Canada</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde (PFA)&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>TCL119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco-Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Solution (PBS) without Ca++ and Mg++</td>
			<td>HiMedia Laboratories&#160; Ltd.Mumbai,India</td>
			<td>TS1101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific,MA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA</td>
			<td>P3813-1PAK</td>
			<td>1x PBS, pH 7.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Proline&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel Blade Size 15&#160;</td>
			<td>Swann-Morton Ltd, Sheffield, S6 2BJ,UK</td>
			<td>BDF-6955C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Hypochlorite</td>
			<td>HiMedia Laboratories&#160; Ltd.Mumbai,India</td>
			<td>AS102</td>
			<td>4% w/v solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Tarsons Products Pvt. Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile container -20 mL</td>
			<td>3M Center, MN 55144-1000,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>3 M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, USA</td>
			<td>P3813-1PAK</td>
			<td>1x PBS, pH 7.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile pipettes (2, 5, and 10 mL )</td>
			<td>Eppendorf AG,22339 Hamburg,Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile pipettes and tips</td>
			<td>Eppendorf India Limited</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical Blade Handle</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson and Co.,NJ,USA</td>
			<td>371030</td>
			<td>BP Handle 3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transforming Growth Factor-beta 3 (TGF-&#946;3)</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems, Inc.MN 55413,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transforming Growth Factor-beta 3 (TGF-&#946;3)</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems, Inc.MN 55413,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue 0.4%&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue 0.4%&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>TCL046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue 0.4%&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO 63103.USA</td>
			<td>TCL046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco-Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA 0.25%</td>
			<td>Gibco-Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water bath</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific ,MA 02451,USA</td>
			<td>BSW-01D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation, culture, and characterization of dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous and permanent teeth

Inom regenerativ medicin och terapeutiska tillämpningar vinner stamcellsforskningen snabbt mark. Stamceller från tandpulpan (DPSC), som finns i både lövfällande och permanenta tänder, har visat sig vara en viktig stamcellskälla på grund av deras tillgänglighet, anpassningsförmåga och medfödda differentieringsförmåga. DPSC:er erbjuder en lättillgänglig och riklig reservoar av mesenkymala stamceller, vilket visar på imponerande mångsidighet och potential, särskilt för regenerativa ändamål. Trots deras löfte ligger det största hindret i att effektivt isolera och karakterisera DPSC:er, med tanke på att de representeras som en liten bråkdel i tandpulpaceller. Lika viktigt är det att bevara denna ovärderliga cellulära resurs på rätt sätt. De två dominerande metoderna för DPSC-isolering är enzymatisk nedbrytning (ED) och utväxt från vävnadsexplantat (OG), ofta kallad spontan tillväxt. Detta protokoll koncentrerar sig främst på den enzymatiska nedbrytningsmetoden för DPSC-isolering, och beskriver på ett intrikat sätt stegen som omfattar extraktion, bearbetning i laboratoriet och cellbevarande. Utöver extraktion och konservering fördjupar sig protokollet i differentieringsförmågan hos DPSC. Specifikt beskriver det de förfaranden som används för att inducera dessa stamceller att differentiera till adipocyter, osteoblaster och kondrocyter, och visar deras multipotenta egenskaper. Efterföljande användning av kolorimetriska färgningstekniker underlättar noggrann visualisering och bekräftelse av framgångsrik differentiering, vilket validerar kalibern och funktionaliteten hos de isolerade DPSC:erna. Detta omfattande protokoll fungerar som en ritning som omfattar hela spektrumet av extraktion, odling, konservering och karakterisering av stamceller från tandpulpa. Det understryker den betydande potential som DPSC har, som driver stamcellsutforskning framåt och är lovande för framtida regenerativa och terapeutiska genombrott.

Det framgångsrika genomförandet av det beskrivna protokollet gav tandpulpastamceller (DPSC) som är kapabla till differentiering av flera linjer, vilket visar deras multipotens.
Tester av lönsamhet Livskraften hos DPSC:erna bedömdes med hjälp av en Trypan Blue-uteslutningsanalys vid olika tidpunkter. Resultaten visar konsekvent hög lönsamhet (mer än 95 %) under hela odlingsperioden, vilket visar robustheten i vårt isolerings- och odlingsprotokoll.
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Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth at JoVE.com

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth

Detta protokoll betonar extraktion, odling och bevarande av multipotenta stamceller från tandpulpa genom enzymatisk nedbrytning. Dessutom visar det deras potential att differentiera till osteoblaster, adipocyter och kondrocyter, vilket belyser vikten av precision och konsistens i processen.

Isolering, odling och karakterisering av tandpulpastamceller från mänskliga lövfällande och permanenta tänder

In the realm of regenerative medicine and therapeutic applications, stem cell research is rapidly gaining traction. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which ...

Börja med att säkra den utdragna mänskliga tanden på plats med en tandpincett. Skär sedan tanden med en diamantskiva som är ansluten till ett tandhandstycke och ett vattenkylmedel. Använd en tandgrävmaskin för att ta bort pulpavävnaden från tanden.Använd sedan ett sterilt kirurgiskt blad för att försiktigt mala pulpavävnaden i små bitar. Placera sedan dessa fragment i en minivävnadskvarn med PBS för att bilda en homogen blandning. Överför de malda vävnadsfragmenten till ett 15 milliliters rör och smält dem med en blandning av kollagenas typ ett och dispase.Inkubera vävnaden i enzymblandningen vid 37 grader Celsius i två timmar. Efter inkubation neutraliseras enzymerna. Överför sedan den smälta vävnaden till ett 15 milliliters rör och snurra vid 300 G i fem minuter i rumstemperatur.Kassera sedan försiktigt supernatanten och suspendera pelleten igen i färsk DMEM, kompletterad med 10 till 20 % FBS. För cellodling, överför försiktigt cellsuspensionen till en 25 kvadratcentimeter stor odlingskolv. Inkubera cellerna vid 37 grader Celsius i 5% koldioxid.Efter två till tre dagar, använd en steril serologisk pipett, aspirera mediet försiktigt och ersätt det med ett nytt medium. Därefter, för karakterisering av DPSC, slå på flödescytometern och bekräfta den mesenkymala stamcellsnaturen hos de isolerade cellerna. Den framgångsrika differentieringen av DPSC i osteoblaster, adipocyter och kondrocyter validerar den multipotenta karaktären hos DPSC.Fördubblingstiden för DPSC överensstämde med den som rapporterats för mesenkymala stamceller, vilket tyder på en frisk och proliferativ cellpopulation. Flödescytometrianalysen visade att en majoritet av DPSC var positiva för CD-90, CD-73 och CD-105, vilket bekräftade deras identitet som mesenkymala stamceller. Dessutom var mindre än 2 % av cellerna positiva för CD-34, CD-45 och HLADR, vilket bekräftar frånvaron av signifikant hematopoetisk eller endotelcellskontamination.

isolation-culture-characterization-dental-pulp-stem-cells-from-human

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) can be isolated in sufficient numbers from multiple tissues for purposes of skeletal tissue engineering1-3. PSCs are a FACS-sorted population of 'pericytes' (CD146+CD34-CD45-) and 'adventitial cells' (CD146-CD34+CD45-), each of which we have previously reported to have properties of mesenchymal stem cells. PSCs, like MSCs, are able to undergo osteogenic differentiation, as well as secrete pro-osteogenic cytokines1,2. In the present protocol, we demonstrate the osteogenicity of PSCs in several animal models including a muscle pouch implantation in SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice, a SCID mouse calvarial defect and a femoral segmental defect (FSD) in athymic rats. The thigh muscle pouch model is used to assess ectopic bone formation. Calvarial defects are centered on the parietal bone and are standardly 4 mm in diameter (critically sized)8. FSDs are bicortical and are stabilized with a polyethylene bar and K-wires4. The FSD described is also a critical size defect, which does not significantly heal on its own4. In contrast, if stem cells or growth factors are added to the defect site, significant bone regeneration can be appreciated. The overall goal of PSC xenografting is to demonstrate the osteogenic capability of this cell type in both ectopic and orthotopic bone regeneration models.

Human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) are a novel stem cell class for skeletal tissue regeneration similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PSCs can be isolated by FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting) from adipose tissue procured during standard liposuction procedures, then combined with an osteoinductive scaffold to achieve bone formation in vivo.

Användning av mänskliga perivaskulär stamceller för benuppbyggnad

Human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) can be isolated in sufficient numbers from multiple tissues for purposes of skeletal tissue engineering1-3. PSCs are ...

Development, Expansion, and In vivo Monitoring of Human NK Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

We present a method for deriving natural killer (NK) cells from undifferentiated hESCs and iPSCs using a feeder-free approach. This method gives rise to high levels of NK cells after 4 weeks culture and can undergo further 2-log expansion with artificial antigen presenting cells. hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells developed in this system have a mature phenotype and function. The production of large numbers of genetically modifiable NK cells is applicable for both basic mechanistic as well as anti-tumor studies. Expression of firefly luciferase in hESC-derived NK cells allows a non-invasive approach to follow NK cell engraftment, distribution, and function. We also describe a dual-imaging scheme that allows separate monitoring of two different cell populations to more distinctly characterize their interactions in vivo. This method of derivation, expansion, and dual in vivo imaging provides a reliable approach for producing NK cells and their evaluation which is necessary to improve current NK cell adoptive therapies.

Development, Expansion, and In vivo Monitoring of Human NK Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells hESCs and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs

This protocol describes the development, expansion, and in vivo imaging of NK cells derived from hESCs and iPSCs.

Utveckling, expansion och<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Övervakning av humana NK celler från mänskliga embryonala stamceller (hESCs) och och inducerad pluripotenta stamceller (iPSCs)

We present a method for deriving natural killer (NK) cells from undifferentiated hESCs and iPSCs using a feeder-free approach. This method gives rise to ...

Efficient Generation and Editing of Feeder-free IPSCs from Human Pancreatic Cells Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types of the body. The pluripotent cells are thus coveted for research in regenerative medicine and are currently in clinical trials for eye diseases, diabetes, heart diseases, and other disorders. The potential to differentiate into specialized cell types coupled with the recent advances in genome editing technologies including the CRISPR/Cas system have provided additional opportunities for tailoring the genome of iPSC for varied applications including disease modeling, gene therapy, and biasing pathways of differentiation, to name a few. Among the available editing technologies, the CRISPR/Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes has emerged as a tool of choice for site-specific editing of the eukaryotic genome. The CRISPRs are easily accessible, inexpensive, and highly efficient in engineering targeted edits. The system requires a Cas9 nuclease and a guide sequence (20-mer) specific to the genomic target abutting a 3-nucleotide &#34;NGG&#34; protospacer-adjacent-motif (PAM) for targeting Cas9 to the desired genomic locus, alongside a universal Cas9 binding tracer RNA (together called single guide RNA or sgRNA). Here we present a step-by-step protocol for efficient generation of feeder-independent and footprint-free iPSC and describe methodologies for genome editing of iPSC using the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. The genome editing protocol is effective and can be easily multiplexed by pre-complexing sgRNAs for more than one target with the Cas9 protein and simultaneously delivering into the cells. Finally, we describe a simplified approach for identification and characterization of iPSCs with desired edits. Taken together, the outlined strategies are expected to streamline generation and editing of iPSC for manifold applications.

This protocol describes in detail the generation of footprint-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human pancreatic cells in feeder-free conditions, followed by editing using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins and characterization of the modified single-cell clones.

Effektiv produktion och redigering av Feeder-fri IPSCs från mänsklig bukspottkörtelns celler med hjälp av CRISPR-Cas9-systemet

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types of the body. The pluripotent cells are thus coveted ...

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a variety of tissues and can be differentiated into numerous cell types, including osteoblasts. Among the dental sources of MSCs, the periosteum is an easily accessible tissue, which has been identified to contain MSCs in the cambium layer. However, this source has not yet been widely studied.
Vitamin D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 have been demonstrated to stimulate in vitro differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. In addition, vitamin C facilitates collagen formation and bone cell growth. However, no study has yet investigated the effects of Vitamin D3 and Vitamin C on MSCs.
Here, we present a method of isolating MSCs from human alveolar periosteum and examine the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may exert an osteoinductive effect on these cells. We also investigate the presence of MSCs in the human alveolar periosteum and assess stem cell adhesion and proliferation. To assess the ability of vitamin C (as a control) and various concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10&#8722;10, 10&#8722;9, 10&#8722;8, and 10&#8722;7 M) to alter key mRNA biomarkers in isolated MSCs mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), core binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1), collagen-1, and osteocalcin (OCN) are measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

We present a protocol to investigate the mRNA expression biomarkers of periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) induced by vitamin C (vitamin C) and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D3]. In addition, we evaluate the ability of PDCs to differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes.

Isolering av mesenkymala stamceller från mänskliga alveolära periostet och effekter av D-Vitamin på osteogent aktivitet av periostet-derived celler

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a variety of tissues and can be differentiated into numerous cell types, including osteoblasts. Among the ...

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be considered, to date, a promising source of pluripotent cells for the management of currently untreatable diseases, for the reconstitution and regeneration of injured tissues and for the development of new drugs. Despite all the advantages related to the use of iPSCs, such as the low risk of rejection, the lessened ethical issues, and the possibility to obtain them from both young and old patients without any difference in their reprogramming potential, problems to overcome are still numerous. In fact, cell reprogramming conducted with viral and integrating viruses can cause infections and the introduction of required genes can induce a genomic instability of the recipient cell, impairing their use in clinic. In particular, there are many concerns about the use of c-Myc gene, well-known from several studies for its mutation-inducing activity. Fibroblasts have emerged as the suitable cell population for cellular reprogramming as they are easy to isolate and culture and are harvested by a minimally invasive skin punch biopsy. The protocol described here provides a detailed step-by-step description of the whole procedure, from sample processing to obtain cell cultures, choice of reagents and supplies, cleaning and preparation, to cell reprogramming by the means of a commercial non-modified RNAs (NM-RNAs)-based reprogramming kit. The chosen reprogramming kit allows an effective reprogramming of human dermal fibroblast to iPSCs and small colonies can be seen as early as 24 h after the first transfection, even with modifications with the respect to the standard datasheet. The reprogramming procedure used in this protocol offers the advantage of a safe reprogramming, without the risk of infections caused by viral vector-based methods, reduces the cellular defense mechanisms, and allows the generation of xeno-free iPSCs, all critical features that are mandatory for further clinical applications.

Cell reprogramming requires the introduction of key genes, which regulate and maintain the pluripotent cell state. The protocol described enables the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) colonies from human dermal fibroblasts without viral/integrating methods but using non-modified RNAs (NM-RNAs) combined with immune evasion factors reducing cellular defense mechanisms.

Isolering av vuxna humana dermal fibroblaster från buk hud och generering av inducerade pluripotenta stamceller med en icke-integrerande metod

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be considered, to date, a promising source of pluripotent cells for the management of currently untreatable ...

Scalable Generation of Mature Cerebellar Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Characterization by Immunostaining

The cerebellum plays a critical role in the maintenance of balance and motor coordination, and a functional defect in different cerebellar neurons can trigger cerebellar dysfunction. Most of the current knowledge about disease-related neuronal phenotypes is based on postmortem tissues, which makes understanding of disease progression and development difficult. Animal models and immortalized cell lines have also been used as models for neurodegenerative disorders. However, they do not fully recapitulate human disease. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great potential for disease modeling and provide a valuable source for regenerative approaches. In recent years, the generation of cerebral organoids from patient-derived iPSCs improved the prospects for neurodegenerative disease modeling. However, protocols that produce large numbers of organoids and a high yield of mature neurons in 3D culture systems are lacking. The protocol presented is a new approach for reproducible and scalable generation of human iPSC-derived organoids under chemically-defined conditions using scalable single-use bioreactors, in which organoids acquire cerebellar identity. The generated organoids are characterized by the expression of specific markers at both mRNA and protein level. The analysis of specific groups of proteins allows the detection of different cerebellar cell populations, whose localization is important for the evaluation of organoid structure. Organoid cryosectioning and further immunostaining of organoid slices are used to evaluate the presence of specific cerebellar cell populations and their spatial organization.

This protocol describes a dynamic culture system to produce controlled size aggregates of human pluripotent stem cells and further stimulate differentiation in cerebellar organoids under chemically-defined and feeder-free conditions using a single-use bioreactor.

Skalbar Generation av Mogna Cerebellar Organoids från Mänskliga Pluripotenta stamceller och karakterisering av Immunfärgning

The cerebellum plays a critical role in the maintenance of balance and motor coordination, and a functional defect in different cerebellar neurons can ...

Single-Cell Optical Action Potential Measurement in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Conventional intracellular microelectrode techniques to quantify cardiomyocyte electrophysiology are extremely complex, labor intensive, and typically carried out in low throughput. Rapid and ongoing expansion of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology presents a new standard in cardiovascular research and alternate methods are now necessary to increase throughput of electrophysiological data at a single cell level. VF2.1Cl is a recently derived voltage sensitive dye which provides a rapid single channel, high magnitude response to fluctuations in membrane potential. It possesses kinetics superior to those of other existing voltage indicators and makes available functional data equivalent to that of traditional microelectrode techniques. Here, we demonstrate simplified, non-invasive action potential characterization in externally paced human iPSC derived cardiomyocytes using a modular and highly affordable photometry system.

Here we describe optical acquisition and characterization of action potentials from induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes using a high-speed modular photometry system.

Encellig optisk åtgärd potentiell mätning hos mänskliga inducerade pluripotenta stamcellsbaserade kardiomyocyter

Conventional intracellular microelectrode techniques to quantify cardiomyocyte electrophysiology are extremely complex, labor intensive, and typically ...

A Culture Method to Maintain Quiescent Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), like other mammalian HSCs, maintain lifelong hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. HSCs remain quiescent in vivo, unlike more differentiated progenitors, and enter the cell cycle rapidly after chemotherapy or irradiation to treat bone marrow injury or in vitro culture. By mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment in the presence of abundant fatty acids, cholesterol, low concentration of cytokines, and hypoxia, human HSCs maintain quiescence in vitro. Here, a detailed protocol for maintaining functional HSCs in the quiescent state in vitro is described. This method will enable studies of the behavior of human HSCs under physiological conditions.

This protocol enables the maintenance of quiescent human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro by mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment using abundant fatty acids, cholesterol, lower concentrations of cytokines, and hypoxia.

En kulturmetod för att upprätthålla quiescenta mänskliga hematopoetiska stamceller

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), like other mammalian HSCs, maintain lifelong hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. HSCs remain quiescent in vivo, ...

In vitro Induction of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Toward Pancreatic Lineages

As of 2000, the success of pancreatic islet transplantation using the Edmonton protocol to treat type I diabetes mellitus still faced some obstacles. These include the limited number of cadaveric pancreas donors and the long-term use of immunosuppressants. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to be a potential candidate as an alternative source of islet-like cell generation. Our previous reports have successfully illustrated the establishment of induction protocols for differentiating human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to insulin-producing cells (IPCs). However, the induction efficiency varied greatly. In this paper, we demonstrate the comparison of hDPSCs pancreatic induction efficiency via integrative (microenvironmental and genetic manipulation) and non-integrative (microenvironmental manipulation) induction protocols for delivering hDPSC-derived IPCs (hDPSC-IPCs). The results suggest distinct induction efficiency for both the induction approaches in terms of 3-dimensional colony structure, yield, pancreatic mRNA markers, and functional property upon multi-dosage glucose challenge. These findings will support the future establishment of a clinically applicable IPCs and pancreatic lineage production platform.

In vitro Induction of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Toward Pancreatic Lineages

This protocol presents a comparison between two different induction protocols for differentiating human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) toward pancreatic lineages in vitro: the integrative protocol and the non-integrative protocol. The integrative protocol generates more insulin producing cells (IPCs).

In vitro Induktion av humantandkött stamceller mot bukspottskörtelstammar

As of 2000, the success of pancreatic islet transplantation using the Edmonton protocol to treat type I diabetes mellitus still faced some obstacles. ...

Propagation of Dental and Respiratory Cells and Organs in Microgravity

Gravity is one of the key determinants of human cell function, proliferation, cytoskeletal architecture and orientation. Rotary bioreactor systems (RCCSs) mimic the loss of gravity as it occurs in space and instead provide a microgravity environment through continuous rotation of cultured cells or tissues. These RCCSs ensure an un-interrupted supply of nutrients, growth and transcription factors, and oxygen, and address some of the shortcomings of gravitational forces in motionless 2D (two dimensional) cell or organ culture dishes. In the present study we have used RCCSs to co-culture cervical loop cells and dental pulp cells to become ameloblasts, to characterize periodontal progenitor/scaffold interactions, and to determine the effect of inflammation on lung alveoli. The RCCS environments facilitated growth of ameloblast-like cells, promoted periodontal progenitor proliferation in response to scaffold coatings, and allowed for an assessment of the effects of inflammatory changes on cultured lung alveoli. This manuscript summarizes the environmental conditions, materials, and steps along the way and highlights critical aspects and experimental details. In conclusion, RCCSs are innovative tools to master the culture and 3D (three dimensional) growth of cells in vitro and to allow for the study of cellular systems or interactions not amenable to classic 2D culture environments.

This protocol presents a method for the culture and 3D growth of ameloblast-like cells in microgravity to maintain their elongated and polarized shape as well as enamel-specific protein expression. Culture conditions for the culture of periodontal engineering constructs and lung organs in microgravity are also described.

Förökning av tand- och andningsceller och organ i mikrogravitation

Gravity is one of the key determinants of human cell function, proliferation, cytoskeletal architecture and orientation. Rotary bioreactor systems (RCCSs) ...