<meta charset="utf8"></head><body> Syntes och analys av nanopartiklar av zinkoxid och analys av dess antibakteriella effekter

<ol>
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K., McNeil, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zeta+potential+measurement.+Characterization+of+nanoparticles+intended+for+drug+delivery.">Zeta potential measurement. Characterization of nanoparticles intended for drug delivery.</a> Methods Mol Biol. , 63-70 (2011).</li><li>Abdelbaky, A. S., Mohamed, A. M., Sharaky, M., Mohamed, N. A., Diab, Y. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Green+approach+for+the+synthesis+of+ZnO+nanoparticles+using+Cymbopogon+citratus+aqueous+leaf+extract:+Characterization+and+evaluation+of+their+biological+activities.">Green approach for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Cymbopogon citratus aqueous leaf extract: Characterization and evaluation of their biological activities.</a> Chem Biol Technol Agric. 10 (1), 63 (2023).</li><li>Ankamwar, B. G., Kamble, V. B., Annsi, J. I., Sarma, L. S., Mahajan, C. 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K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+nano-ZnO+by+chemical+method+and+its+characterization.">Synthesis of nano-ZnO by chemical method and its characterization.</a> Results Chem. 5, 100771 (2023).</li><li>Choi, K. -. 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D., Kornowski, A., Weller, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Colloidal+synthesis+of+organic-capped+ZnO+nanocrystals+via+a+sequential+reduction-oxidation+reaction.">Colloidal synthesis of organic-capped ZnO nanocrystals via a sequential reduction-oxidation reaction.</a> J Phy Chem B. 109 (7), 2638-2644 (2005).</li><li>Roh, S., Jang, Y., Yoo, J., Seong, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+modification+strategies+for+biomedical+applications:+Enhancing+cell-biomaterial+interfaces+and+biochip+performances.">Surface modification strategies for biomedical applications: Enhancing cell-biomaterial interfaces and biochip performances.</a> BioChip J. 17, 1-18 (2023).</li><li>Chen, D., Jiao, X., Cheng, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrothermal+synthesis+of+zinc+oxide+powders+with+different+morphologies.">Hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide powders with different morphologies.</a> Solid State Commun. 113 (6), 363-366 (1999).</li><li>Hu, X. -. L., Zhu, Y. -. J., Wang, S. -. 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<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>DLS</td>
			<td>Zetasizer Pro</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl alcohol, absolute</td>
			<td>DAEJUNG</td>
			<td>4023-2304</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microplate reader&#160;</td>
			<td>BioTeck</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>221465</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TEM</td>
			<td>JEOL JEM-F200</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TSA</td>
			<td>DB difco</td>
			<td>236950</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TSB</td>
			<td>DB difco</td>
			<td>211825</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>XRD</td>
			<td>NEW D8-Advance</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zinc acetate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>383317</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles and the evaluation of their antibacterial effects

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections pose a significant global threat to human health1. As these infections can be fatal in patients with underlying conditions, active research is attempting to address this issue2. Bacteria have evolved to evade the action of various drugs. Penicillin, widely known and credited with saving millions of lives worldwide, is a &#946;-lactam antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall3. However, bacteria have evolved to neutralize the efficacy of drugs through various mechanisms such as efflux pumps, transpeptidase alterations, or decreased permeability4. Additionally, bacterial cells can transmit these resistance genes to the next generation, increasing the survival rates of the subsequent generation and strengthening the problem of resistant strains5.
The increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to the emergence of MDR bacteria, which commonly exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics. MDR strains are most frequently encountered in hospital settings, where multiple bacterial strains are exposed to and consequently develop resistance to different antibiotics6. Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is a gram-positive commensal bacterium that forms clusters on the skin of approximately 30% of humans7,8. MRSA, which was first identified in the 1960s, exhibits reduced sensitivity to &#946;-lactam antibiotics, resulting in a sharp increase in infection rates since the 1990s9. Among gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the most prevalent strains acquired in hospitals. This species, a facultative rod-shaped bacterium, causes opportunistic infections in humans10. Particularly, MDR strains that directly affect human health are responsible for over 50 % of healthcare-associated infections11. In this study, we utilized the most commonly encountered multidrug-resistant strains within hospitals, MRSA&#160;and P. aeruginosa.
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) for antimicrobial purposes has been extensively investigated to tackle the issue of antibiotic resistance. Metallic NPs, in particular, induce bacterial cell death through various mechanisms, offering a potential solution to the problem of drug resistance. Metallic NPs exert antimicrobial activity through multiple mechanisms, including the release of antimicrobial ions, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and physical disruption of cells, among other means12. NPs composed of silver, copper, zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium oxide possess high antimicrobial efficacy and are thus being actively researched13.
ZnO NPs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in humans. Conversely, despite their high antimicrobial efficacy, the use of silver and copper NPs in humans is limited by their high cytotoxicity. However, ZnO NPs are commonly found in everyday life and are even present in widely used sunscreen formulations14. Of note, Zn2+ ions released from ZnO NPs are highly effective in bacterial treatment, inducing bacterial cell death through the generation of ROS and other physical damage mechanisms15.
This study outlines the protocol for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using a precipitation method and introduces an antimicrobial testing approach using a microbroth dilution method with clinical samples of MRSA and P. aeruginosa. The precipitation method for ZnO NPs involves synthesizing insoluble solid ZnO NPs by adjusting pH and temperature using soluble precursors such as zinc acetate or zinc nitrate16. Along with relatively facile and rapid production, this method ensures repeatability in synthesis and facilitates control over particle size and morphology17. In this synthesis protocol, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), one of the most commonly used precipitation agents, was utilized to precipitate zinc acetate, and a small amount of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was employed to inhibit the uncontrolled synthesis of the nanoparticles18. Among various antimicrobial tests, the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated using the microbroth dilution method, which avoids optical interference from metal oxide nanoparticles and enables direct colony measurement for determining MIC19.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Författare i fokus: Utforska de antibakteriella effekterna av nanopartiklar av zinkoxid för att övervinna antibiotikaresistens

Beredning av nanopartiklar av zinkoxid och utvärdering av deras antibakteriella effekter

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are currently emerging as a global issue. To address this problem, we have focused on development of antibacterial metallic nanoparticles, employing various mechanisms to eradicate bacterial cells. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are known for their excellent antibacterial capabilities.As they're approved by the FDA, they're known to be biocompatible to the human body. The major advantage of our zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis method lies in its simplicity and relatively short synthesizing time compared to other protocols, owing to its precipitation-based synthesis approach. This makes it a highly effective method, particularly for mass production from a commercialization perspective, and additionally, its chemical synthesis without the need for specialized equipment adds to its appeal as well.Our research team plans to further develop antibacterial therapy using zinc oxide nanoparticles or inorganic nanoparticles, and integrate them with drug delivery for real-world applications. To achieve more effective bacteria-specific treatment, we will utilize antibodies and lectins for targeting bacteria, minimizing general cell toxicity of particles, and conducting research on delivering particles to pathogens in actual infection environments.

Nosocomial bacterial infections have become increasingly challenging due to their inherent resistance to antibiotics. The emergence of multidrug-resistant ...

preparation-zinc-oxide-nanoparticles-evaluation-their-antibacterial

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and the Evaluation of their Antibacterial Effects

679 Views.  Chung-Ang University. Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are currently emerging as a global issue. To address this problem, we have focused on development of antibacterial metallic nanoparticles, employing various mechanisms to eradicate bacterial cells. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are known for their excellent antibacterial capabilities.As they're approved by the FDA, they're known to be biocompatible to the human body. The major advantage of our zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis method lies in its sim...