We want to thank Mr. Jyri Ojala for the technical production of the film, including its animations, graphical design, as well as all technical editing. We also want to thank the parents who gave permission to have their baby be starring in this video, as well as the nurses (especially Mr. Jarmo M&auml;ki) for the help in preparation of film production. This work has received practical and/or financial support from Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University of Applied Sciences (Metropolia), Juselius Foundation, Erkko Foundation, as well as the Foundation of Pediatrics (Lastentautien tutkimuss&auml;&auml;ti&ouml;) and from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme European Community FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IOF, grant agreement n&deg;254235.
The manufacturer of the dense array EEG caps suitable for recording preterm babies is ANT B.V. For contact information, please visit <a href="http://www.ant-neuro.com">http://www.ant-neuro.com</a>. Notably, the NicOne EEG amplifier (CareFusion, Madison, USA) used in our video is not a genuine DC-coupled amplifier. Following manufacturers do currently (October, 2011) provide DC-coupled, clinically suitable EEG amplifiers: CareFusion (their newest amplifier), ANT Neuro (<a href="http://www.ant-neuro.com">www.ant-neuro.com</a>), EGI (<a href="http://www.egi.com">www.egi.com</a>), BrainProducts (<a href="http://www.BrainProducts.com">www.BrainProducts.com</a>), Neuroscan (<a href="http://www.neuroscan.com">www.neuroscan.com</a>), as well as SACS (<a href="http://www.sacs.se">www.sacs.se</a>).

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الإعلان عن أي تضارب في المصالح.

تسجيل EEG حديثي الولادة في الطريق المبين هنا هو آمنة، وقابلة للتنفيذ وبالتالي من أي طفل و. في أي حالة أن يسمح مناولة المرتبطة إجراءات الرعاية الروتينية 1 وحدة العناية المركزة هي بيئة صعبة إلى الأجهزة الحساسة EEG. والمفتاح لتسجيل نوعية جيدة من الناحية الفنية هو الاستخدام السليم ليعمل بشكل جيد غطاء كثيف مجموعة التخطيط الدماغي، مثل واحد هو مبين في هذا الفيديو. NICU بيئة فريدة من نوعها في أن موضوعات الدراسة هي في حالة صحية حرجة، والأطفال الضعفاء، والتي تخضع لرعاية تطالب وإجراءات التشخيص. لضمان سلامة ليس فقط للمريض، ولكن أيضا في المستقبل من دراسات التخطيط الدماغي في NICU الخاصة بك، فمن الضروري أن يكون هناك تعاون وثيق مع NICU الاتصال الخاصة بك الرئيسية، وكذلك على مستوى عال من الثقة مع جميع موظفي NICU تشارك في رعاية المرضى . وقد أكد العمل الذي تم مؤخرا في كل من الاجنة البشرية 5-7،10 والنماذج الحيوانية مع الفئران الوليدة 13-15 هيمنة تردد infraslowالمنشأ في التخطيط الدماغي. في حين ينظر إليها بسهولة أنهم مع تقنية FbEEG (انظر الشكل رقم (1) والحكام 8،9)، ويتم تجاهل أنها مشوهة أو في التخطيط الدماغي التقليدية (باستخدام مكبر الصوت الديناميكي AC) أن تخفض بشكل دائم لهم في ذلك الوقت من جمع إشارة، وذلك لأن تيار متردد الديناميكي مكبرات الصوت بمثابة مرشحات (قطع منخفض) highpass. وتسجيل المؤمنين من هذه الأنشطة infraslow يتطلب الإعداد DC تسجيل مستقر يتكون من مكبر للصوت، مضافا العاصمة (انظر شكر وتقدير)، جي / أجكل الأقطاب الكهربائية، والتي تحتوي على كلوريد هلام 16، فضلا عن إزالة كافية من المحتمل الظهارية (لمزيد من التفاصيل، انظر الحكام 2،3،8، فضلا عن <a href="http://www.nemo-europe.com/en/educational-tools.php">http://www.nemo-europe.com/en/educational-tools.php</a> -&gt; إعداد جهاز التخطيط الدماغي -&gt; الجلد الإستعداد). ومن الجدير بالذكر في سياق السريرية، أن القمم المستخدمة في العرض الذي قدمناه متوافقة تماما مع FbEEG تسجيل، في حين أن غيرها السريرية العديد من القبعات EEG غير مناسبة بسبب حصيرة من القطب غير مناسبerials (القصدير مثلا) 16 و / أو الاستقرار الميكانيكية الفقراء بسبب انقطاع كهربائي وصاحب تصميم (لمزيد من التفاصيل، انظر أيضا الحكام 1،8). ويجب أن يستند تقدير كاف أو الرصد من الدماغ في وقت مبكر قبل الأوان على فهم دقيق لطبيعة وخصائص معينة من نشاط الدماغ غير ناضج نفسها (انظر أعلاه). مثل هذا النهج يعاني من نقص كبير في الممارسة السريرية الحالية والأدب. لتلبية هذه الحاجة، وقد تم تطوير بروتوكول للتقييم العصبي المتعدد الوسائط من الأطفال الخدج في مختبرنا. هذه الورقة يجسر معا أحدث المعارف من علم الأعصاب التنموي، والتقدم ذات الصلة في مجال تقنيات العصبية، فضلا عن الحاجة الملحة لرواية البحوث السريرية. hences عملنا يفتح نافذة للدراسات متعدية التي يتعين القيام بها بطريقة ثنائية الاتجاه (من مقاعد البدلاء إلى جانب السرير والظهر). وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، دليلا واضحا على بروتوكول يهدف إلى فتح مكانا لعرض أكبر SCجمع مزر من مجموعات البيانات ذات الصلة سريريا، بما في ذلك دراسات لتحديد معايير بعيدة المنال من الحياة الطبيعية. وقد أظهرت تجربتنا السريرية في مستشفى جامعة هلسنكي أن ط) دراسات المتعدد الوسائط من هذا النوع سرعان ما أصبحت جزءا لا يتجزأ من روتين السريرية، والثاني) أن لديهم زيادة كبيرة في الاهتمام في دراسات التخطيط الدماغي الأطفال حديثي الولادة، والثالث) أن التطورات في تسجيل جعلت التقنيات المعروضة هنا أداء التسجيلات مثل يمكن بلوغه بسهولة إلى أي مجموعة الإمارات للبيئة، ومحدودية التقليدية. الأهم من ذلك، فهم العلاقات بين وظائف الدماغ النامية وهيكل يجعل من الممكن لتقييم نضوج الدماغ في وقت كانت فيه الطفل ليست بعد قادرة على التواصل مع العالم الخارجي 17. أفضل رعاية الدماغ في مرحلة مبكرة من التنمية من المرجح أن يؤدي إلى زيادة دائمة في الصحة ونوعية الحياة عموما للطفل قبل الأوان.

وصلات للأسلوب SurePrep <a href="http://www.helsinki.fi/science/eeg/videos/sureprep/SurePrep_for_SP_paper.mov">http://www.helsinki.fi/science/eeg/videos/sureprep/SurePrep_for_SP_paper.mov</a> <a href="http://www.helsinki.fi/science/eeg/videos/sureprep/SurePrep_for_NEMO.wmv">http://www.helsinki.fi/science/eeg/videos/sureprep/SurePrep_for_NEMO.wmv</a> على الانترنت وصلة فيديو لمظاهرات إضافية على تسجيل المواليد الجدد EEG <a href="http://www.nemo-europe.com/en/educational-tools-for-clinicians-and-health-care-professionals.php">http://www.nemo-europe.com/en/educational-tools-for-clinicians-and-health-care-professionals.php</a> على الانترنت وصلة فيديو لنظرية وممارسة إعداد فروة الرأس <a href="http://www.helsinki.fi/science/eeg/videos/sureprep/Nemo_hardware_Scalp_prepping.f4v">http://www.helsi</a>nki.fi/science/eeg/videos/sureprep/Nemo_hardware_Scalp_prepping.f4v

preterm eeg: a multimodal neurophysiological protocol

منذ بدء العمل به في أوائل 1950s، وقد تم تخطيط كهربية الدماغ (EEG) المستخدمة على نطاق واسع في وحدات العناية المركزة لحديثي الولادة (NICU) لتقييم ورصد وظائف المخ في الأطفال الخدج والطويل. المؤشرات الأكثر شيوعا هي تشخيص نوبات الصرع، وتقييم نضج المخ، والشفاء من نقص الأوكسجين الاقناري الأحداث. وتحسنت تقنيات تسجيل التخطيط الدماغي، وفهم اشارات التخطيط الدماغي الأطفال حديثي الولادة بشكل كبير، ولكن هذا التقدم كان بطيئا لاختراق من خلال تقاليد السريرية. والهدف من هذا العرض هو جعل النظرية والممارسة من تسجيل EEG المتقدمة المتاحة لوحدات الأطفال حديثي الولادة. في الجزء النظري، وسوف نقدم الرسوم المتحركة لتوضيح كيف يمكن لدماغ المبكرة يؤدي إلى أنشطة التخطيط الدماغي عفوية وأثار، على حد سواء والتي هي فريدة من نوعها في هذه المرحلة التنموية، فضلا عن أهمية حاسمة لنضوج الدماغ السليم. وقد أظهرت مؤخرا أن عمل حيوان develo بنيوية في الدماغويتجلى بوضوح في pment النشاط الدماغي في وقت مبكر. الهياكل الأكثر أهمية في هذا الصدد هي تزايد الاتصالات بعيدة المدى وهيكل عابر القشرية، subplate. وتنمية مداركه الحسية في ولادة الطفل قبل الأوان تولد الاستجابات والتي ينظر اليها على مستوى محاكمة واحدة، ولها أسس في التفاعل subplate-القشرة. وبذلك يرتفع حديثي الولادة التخطيط الدماغي بسهولة في دراسة النقل المتعدد الوسائط، حيث يتم التخطيط الدماغي ليس فقط تسجيل وظيفة القشرية، ولكن أيضا باختبار وظيفة subplate عبر طرائق حسية مختلفة. وأخيرا، فقد كشفت مقدمة من مناسبة سريريا قبعات مجموعة كثيفة التخطيط الدماغي، فضلا عن مكبرات الصوت قادر على تسجيل الترددات المنخفضة، وافر من أنشطة الدماغ التي تم تجاهلها حتى الآن. في الجزء العملي من هذا الفيديو، وتبين لنا كيف يتم تنفيذ المتعدد الوسائط، ودراسة مجموعة كثيفة التخطيط الدماغي في الأطفال حديثي الولادة وحدة العناية المركزة من ولادة الطفل قبل الأوان في الحاضنة. شريط الفيديو يوضح إعداد تطبيق الطفل والحاضنة، للEEG قبعة، وأداء التحفيز الحسي.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol at JoVE.com

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

هذا الفيديو يشرح نظرية خلفية نشاط EEG حديثي الولادة والاستجابات الحسية، يليه عرض حي لتسجيل المواليد الجدد في وحدة العناية المركزة.

الخدج EEG: بروتوكول المتعدد الوسائط العصبية

Since its introduction in early 1950s, electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for assessment and ...

preterm-eeg-a-multimodal-neurophysiological-protocol

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

28.3K Views.  University of Helsinki. هذا الفيديو يشرح نظرية خلفية نشاط EEG حديثي الولادة والاستجابات الحسية، يليه عرض حي لتسجيل المواليد الجدد في وحدة العناية المركزة.

Video: Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Functional Mapping with Simultaneous MEG and EEG

We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) to locate and determine the temporal evolution in brain areas involved in the processing of simple sensory stimuli. We will use somatosensory stimuli to locate the hand somatosensory areas, auditory stimuli to locate the auditory cortices, visual stimuli in four quadrants of the visual field to locate the early visual areas. These type of experiments are used for functional mapping in epileptic and brain tumor patients to locate eloquent cortices. In basic neuroscience similar experimental protocols are used to study the orchestration of cortical activity. The acquisition protocol includes quality assurance procedures, subject preparation for the combined MEG/EEG study, and acquisition of evoked-response data with somatosensory, auditory, and visual stimuli. We also demonstrate analysis of the data using the equivalent current dipole model and cortically-constrained minimum-norm estimates. Anatomical MRI data are employed in the analysis for visualization and for deriving boundaries of tissue boundaries for forward modeling and cortical location and orientation constraints for the minimum-norm estimates.

We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) to map brain areas involved in the processing of simple sensory stimuli.

تعيين وظيفي مع MEG الفورية وEEG

We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) to locate and determine the temporal evolution in brain areas involved in the ...

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Implantable EEG radiotelemetry is of central relevance in the neurological characterization of transgenic mouse models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases as well as epilepsies. This powerful technique does not only provide valuable insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, i.e., the etiopathogenesis of CNS related diseases, it also facilitates the development of new translational, i.e., therapeutic approaches. Whereas competing techniques that make use of recorder systems used in jackets or tethered systems suffer from their unphysiological restraining to semi-restraining character, radiotelemetric EEG recordings overcome these disadvantages. Technically, implantable EEG radiotelemetry allows for precise and highly sensitive measurement of epidural and deep, intracerebral EEGs under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. First, we present a detailed protocol of a straight forward, successful, quick and efficient technique for epidural (surface) EEG recordings resulting in high-quality electrocorticograms. Second, we demonstrate how to implant deep, intracerebral EEG electrodes, e.g., in the hippocampus (electrohippocampogram). For both approaches, a computerized 3D stereotaxic electrode implantation system is used. The radiofrequency transmitter itself is implanted into a subcutaneous pouch in both mice and rats. Special attention also has to be paid to pre-, peri- and postoperative treatment of the experimental animals. Preoperative preparation of mice and rats, suitable anesthesia as well as postoperative treatment and pain management are described in detail.

Non-restraining EEG radiotelemetry is a valuable methodological approach to record in vivo long-term electroencephalograms from freely moving rodents. This detailed protocol describes stereotaxic epidural and deep intracerebral electrode placement in different brain regions in order to obtain reliable recordings of CNS rhythmicity and CNS related behavioral stages.

غير زجرية-EEG القياسات اللاسلكية: فوق الجافية والعميق داخل المخ EEG التجسيمي الكهربائي التنسيب

Implantable EEG radiotelemetry is of central relevance in the neurological characterization of transgenic mouse models of neuropsychiatric and ...

Recording EEG in Freely Moving Neonatal Rats Using a Novel Method

EEG is a useful method to detect electrical activity in the brain. Moreover, it is a widely used diagnostic tool for various neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders. However, it is technically difficult to obtain EEG recordings in neonates as it requires specialized handling and great care. Here, we present a novel method to record EEG in neonatal rat pups (P8-P15). We designed a simple and reliable electrode using computer pin loci; it can be easily implanted into the skull of a rat pup to record high-quality EEG signals in the normal and epileptic brain. Pups were given an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the neurotoxin kainic acid (KA) to induce epileptic seizures. The surgical implantation performed in this procedure is less expensive than other EEG procedures for neonates. This method allows one to record high-quality and stable EEG signals for more than 1 week. Furthermore, this procedure can also be applied to adult rats and mice to study epilepsy or other neurological disorders.

Here, we introduce a novel technique designed to record electroencephalography (EEG) in freely moving neonatal epileptic pups and describe its procedures, features, and applications. This method allows one to record EEG for more than 1 week.

تسجيل إيغ في التحرك بحرية الفئران حديثي الولادة باستخدام طريقة رواية

EEG is a useful method to detect electrical activity in the brain. Moreover, it is a widely used diagnostic tool for various neurological conditions, such ...

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a problem that impacts academic performance and has serious consequences that result in difficulties in scholastic, social and familial contexts. One of the most common problems in the identification of this disorder relates to the apparent over diagnosis of the disorder due to the absence of global protocols for assessment. The research group of School Learning, Difficulties and Academic Performance (ADIR) from the University of Oviedo, has developed a complete protocol that suggests the existence of certain patterns of cortical activation and executive control for identifying ADHD more objectively. This protocol takes into consideration some of the hypothetical determinants of ADHD, including the relationship between activation of selected areas of the brain, and differences in performance on various aspects of executive functioning such as omissions, commissions or response times, using innovative tools of Continuous Performance Testing (based on Virtual Reality CPT and Traditional CPT) and brain activation measures (two different tools, based on Hemoencephalography- nirHEG; and Quantified Electroencephalography --Q-EEG, respectively). This model of assessment aims to provide an effective assessment of ADHD symptomatology in order to design an accurate intervention and make appropriate recommendations for parents and teachers.

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

This work presents a new protocol for the assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by providing a more objective diagnostic procedure for this developmental disorder based on the use of innovative tools. It also analyzes the relationship between activation measures and executive function measures.

استخدام تنشيط الدماغ (نير-هيج/Q-EEG) وتدابير التنفيذ (CPTs) في "بروتوكول تقييم إعاقة"

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a problem that impacts academic performance and has serious consequences that result in difficulties in ...

A Protocol for Transcranial Photobiomodulation Therapy in Mice

Transcranial photobiomodulation is a potential innovative noninvasive therapeutic approach for improving brain bioenergetics, brain function in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, and memory enhancement in age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. We describe a laboratory protocol for transcranial photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in mice. Aged BALB/c mice (18 months old) are treated with a 660 nm laser transcranially, once daily for 2 weeks. Laser transmittance data shows that approximately 1% of the incident red light on the scalp reaches a 1 mm depth from the cortical surface, penetrating the dorsal hippocampus. Treatment outcomes are assessed by two methods: a Barnes maze test, which is a hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory task evaluation, and measuring hippocampal ATP levels, which is used as a bioenergetics index. The results from the Barnes task show an enhancement of the spatial memory in laser-treated aged mice when compared with age-matched controls. Biochemical analysis after laser treatment indicates increased hippocampal ATP levels. We postulate that the enhancement of memory performance is potentially due to an improvement in hippocampal energy metabolism induced by the red laser treatment. The observations in mice could be extended to other animal models since this protocol could potentially be adapted to other species frequently used in translational neuroscience, such as rabbit, cat, dog, or monkey. Transcranial photobiomodulation is a safe and cost-effective modality which may be a promising therapeutic approach in age-related cognitive impairment.

Photobiomodulation therapy is an innovative noninvasive modality for the treatment of a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders and can also improve healthy brain function. This protocol includes a step-by-step guide to performing brain photobiomodulation in mice by transcranial light delivery, which can be adapted for use in other laboratory rodents.

بروتوكول للعلاج Photobiomodulation Transcranial في الفئران

Transcranial photobiomodulation is a potential innovative noninvasive therapeutic approach for improving brain bioenergetics, brain function in a wide ...

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Closed-loop neurophysiological systems use patterns of neuronal activity to trigger stimuli, which in turn affect brain activity. Such closed-loop systems are already found in clinical applications, and are important tools for basic brain research. A particularly interesting recent development is the integration of closed-loop approaches with optogenetics, such that specific patterns of neuronal activity can trigger optical stimulation of selected neuronal groups. However, setting up an electrophysiological system for closed-loop experiments can be difficult. Here, a ready-to-apply Matlab code is provided for triggering stimuli based on the activity of single or multiple neurons. This sample code can be easily modified based on individual needs. For instance, it shows how to trigger sound stimuli and how to change it to trigger an external device connected to a PC serial port. The presented protocol is designed to work with a popular neuronal recording system for animal studies (Neuralynx). The implementation of closed-loop stimulation is demonstrated in an awake rat.

This protocol demonstrates how to use an electrophysiological system for closed-loop stimulation triggered by neuronal activity patterns. Sample Matlab code that can be easily modified for different stimulation devices is also provided.

استخدام العصبية النشاط Spiking لتحريك المحفزات حلقه مغلقه في التجارب الفسيولوجية العصبية

Closed-loop neurophysiological systems use patterns of neuronal activity to trigger stimuli, which in turn affect brain activity. Such closed-loop systems ...

A Ferret Model of Inflammation-sensitized Late Preterm Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury

There is an ongoing need for clinically relevant models of perinatal infection and hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in which to test therapeutic interventions for infants with the neurological sequela of prematurity. Ferrets are ideal candidates for modeling the preterm human brain, as they are born lissencephalic and develop gyrencephalic brains postnatally. At birth, ferret brain development is similar to a 13 week human fetus, with postnatal-day (P) 17 kits considered to be equivalent to an infant at 32&#8211;36 weeks&#39; gestation. We describe an injury model in the P17 ferret, where lipopolysaccharide administration is followed by bilateral cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia. This simulates the complex interaction of prolonged inflammation, ischemia, hypoxia, and oxidative stress experienced in a number of neonates who develop brain injury. Injured animals display a range of gross injury severity, with morphological changes in the brain including narrowing of multiple cortical gyri and associated sulci. Injured animals also show slowed reflex development, slower and more variable speed of locomotion in an automated catwalk, and decreased exploration in an open field. This model provides a platform in which to test putative therapies for infants with neonatal encephalopathy associated with inflammation and HI, study mechanisms of injury that affect cortical development, and investigate pathways that provide resilience in unaffected animals.

The method describes inflammation-sensitized hypoxic-ischemic and hyperoxic brain injury in the P17 ferret to model the complex interaction between prolonged inflammation and oxidative brain injury experienced in a number of late preterm infants.

نموذج النمس من التهاب-حساسة في وقت متاخر الخدج-أصابه الدماغ الدماغية

There is an ongoing need for clinically relevant models of perinatal infection and hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in which to test therapeutic interventions for ...

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Although there has been recent interest in how mindfulness meditation can affect episodic memory as well as brain structure and function, no study has examined the behavioral and neural effects of mindfulness meditation on episodic memory. Here we present a protocol that combines mindfulness meditation training, an episodic memory task, and EEG to examine how mindfulness meditation changes behavioral performance and the neural correlates of episodic memory. Subjects in a mindfulness meditation experimental group were compared to a waitlist control group. Subjects in the mindfulness meditation experimental group spent four weeks training and practicing mindfulness meditation. Mindfulness was measured before and after training using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Episodic memory was measured before and after training using a source recognition task. During the retrieval phase of the source recognition task, EEG was recorded. The results showed that mindfulness, source recognition behavioral performance, and EEG theta power in right frontal and left parietal channels increased following mindfulness meditation training. In addition, increases in mindfulness correlated with increases in theta power in right frontal channels. Therefore, results obtained from combining mindfulness meditation training, an episodic memory task, and EEG reveal the behavioral and neural effects of mindfulness meditation on episodic memory.

Here we present a protocol for combining mindfulness meditation training, an episodic memory task, and EEG to understand the behavioral and neural effects of mindfulness meditation on episodic memory.

الجمع بين السلوك وتخطيط كهربية الدماغ لدراسة آثار التأمل الذهني على الذاكرة العرضية

Although there has been recent interest in how mindfulness meditation can affect episodic memory as well as brain structure and function, no study has ...

Modulation of the Neurophysiological Response to Fearful and Stressful Stimuli Through Repetitive Religious Chanting

In neuropsychological experiments, the late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential (ERP) component that reflects the level of one's emotional arousal. This study investigates whether repetitive religious chanting modulates the emotional response to fear- and stress-provoking stimuli, thus leading to a less responsive LPP. Twenty-one participants with at least one year of experience in the repetitive religious chanting of "Amitabha Buddha" were recruited. A 128-channel electroencephalography (EEG) system was used to collect EEG data. The participants were instructed to view negative or neutral pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) under three conditions: repetitive religious chanting, repetitive nonreligious chanting, and no chanting. The results demonstrated that viewing the negative fear- and stress-provoking pictures induced larger LPPs in the participants than viewing neutral pictures under the no-chanting and nonreligious chanting conditions. However, this increased LPP largely disappeared under repetitive religious chanting conditions. The findings indicate that repetitive religious chanting may effectively alleviate the neurophysiological response to fearful or stressful situations for practitioners.

The present event-related potential (ERP) study provides a unique protocol for investigating how religious chanting can modulate negative emotions. The results demonstrate that the late positive potential (LPP) is a robust neurophysiological response to negative emotional stimuli and can be effectively modulated by repetitive religious chanting.

تعديل الاستجابة العصبية الفسيولوجية للمحفزات المخيفة والمجهدة من خلال الهتاف الديني المتكرر

In neuropsychological experiments, the late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential (ERP) component that reflects the level of one's ...

التصوير متعدد الوسائط القائم على OCT لعيون المتبرعين البشريين لأبحاث AMD

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

A progression sequence for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) learned from optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based multimodal (MMI) clinical imaging could add prognostic value to laboratory findings. In this work, ex vivo OCT and MMI were applied to human donor eyes prior to retinal tissue sectioning. The eyes were recovered from non-diabetic white donors aged &#8805;80 years old, with a death-to-preservation time (DtoP) of &#8804;6 h. The globes were recovered on-site, scored with an 18 mm trephine to facilitate cornea removal, and immersed in buffered 4% paraformaldehyde. Color fundus images were acquired after anterior segment removal with a dissecting scope and an SLR camera using trans-, epi-, and flash illumination at three magnifications. The globes were placed in a buffer within a custom-designed chamber with a 60 diopter lens. They were imaged with spectral domain OCT (30&#176; macula cube, 30 &#181;m spacing, averaging = 25), near-infrared reflectance, 488 nm autofluorescence, and 787 nm autofluorescence. The AMD eyes showed a change in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), with drusen or subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), with or without neovascularization, and without evidence of other causes. Between June 2016 and September 2017, 94 right eyes and 90 left eyes were recovered (DtoP: 3.9 &plusmn; 1.0 h). Of the 184 eyes, 40.2% had AMD, including early intermediate (22.8%), atrophic (7.6%), and neovascular (9.8%) AMD, and 39.7% had unremarkable maculas. Drusen, SDDs, hyper-reflective foci, atrophy, and fibrovascular scars were identified using OCT. Artifacts included tissue opacification, detachments (bacillary, retinal, RPE, choroidal), foveal cystic change, an undulating RPE, and mechanical damage. To guide the cryo-sectioning, OCT volumes were used to find the fovea and optic nerve head landmarks and specific pathologies. The ex vivo volumes were registered with the in vivo volumes by selecting the reference function for eye tracking. The ex vivo visibility of the pathology seen in vivo depends on the preservation quality. Within 16 months, 75 rapid DtoP donor eyes at all stages of AMD were recovered and staged using clinical MMI methods.

تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: التصوير متعدد الوسائط القائم على Ex Vivo OCT لعيون المتبرعين البشريين للبحث في التنكس البقعي المرتبط بالعمر  

Laboratory assays can leverage prognostic value from the longitudinal optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based multimodal imaging of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Human donor eyes with and without AMD are imaged using OCT, color, near-infrared reflectance scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and autofluorescence at two excitation wavelengths prior to tissue sectioning.

إكس فيفو التصوير متعدد الوسائط القائم على OCT لعيون المتبرعين البشريين للبحث في التنكس البقعي المرتبط بالعمر

A progression sequence for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) learned from optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based multimodal (MMI) clinical imaging ...