الكتاب أود أن أشكر السيد هانز لل oppel وله الفنيين الاصطناعية أوتو بوك منتجات الرعاية الصحية GmbH للتصنيع مأخذ المستخدمة من قبل المشاركين في هذه الدراسة. وأيد هذه الدراسة ماليا من قبل المجلس الأوروبي للبحوث (ERC) عن طريق هيئة الإنصاف والمصالحة المتقدم غرانت DEMOVE (رقم 267888)، ومجلس النمساوي للبحوث والتنمية التكنولوجية، والوزارة الاتحادية النمساوية للعلوم والبحوث والاقتصاد.

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الكتاب تعلن أي المصالح المالية المتنافسة.

النتائج التي توصلنا إليها تشير للمشارك في هذه الدراسة أن التدريب المنظم ساعد تحسين السيطرة على اليد الاصطناعية متعددة الوظائف خلال جلسة واحدة. وكان برنامج منظم المستخدمة هنا مزيج من التقليد والتكرار والتعزيز من حركات اليد أن المشاركين لم يكن قادرا على إكمال بيده ال...

استبدال وظيفة اليد في مبتوري الأطراف هو مسعى صعب. تنسيق حركات اليد الماهرة للغاية ليس قدرة فطرية، ويأخذ البشر سنوات من التعلم لتطوير 1-5 بعد الخسارة المؤلمة من ناحية، تكرار هذه القدرة عن طريق الاصطناعية ليست بالأمر الهين، وقد تتطلب فترة من التعلم المستدام . تصميم الاصطناعية وأساليب التواصل لسيطرتهم تخضع للابتكارات التكنولوجية السريعة، وذلك بهدف التحكم متعددة الوظائف بطريقة طبيعية. 6 تعقيد هذه الأنظمة تحكم يزيد إلى حد كبير في توفير المزيد من الوظائف للمبتورين. لضمان مراقبة دقيقة من هذه الأنظمة، والحد من التخلي عن التكنولوجيات الجديدة، يحتاج التدريب الكافي الذي سينشأ. هذا ومن المرجح أن يكون أكثر نجاحا إذا كان قائما على استراتيجيات التعلم الملازمة لمبتوري الأطراف &quot;. الرؤية يمكن أن تلعب دورا هاما أثناء جنيهأرنينج من حركات اليد. وقد أظهرت الدراسات السلوكية التي من خلال مراقبة تصرفات الآخرين (7) أو باستخدام الإشارات البصرية 8، والأفراد القادرين على العمل التعلم وتنسيق حركات جديدة. من خلال عملية الرصد والفهم وتنفيذ إجراء الملاحظة، والأفراد قادرين على تقليد تصرفات الآخرين. شبكات القشرية محددة، والتي قد تشمل نظام مرآة الخلايا العصبية (MNS)، ويعتقد أنها وراء هذه القدرة، ويمكن أن يكون لها دور في السيطرة على أطرافه الاصطناعية. 9-11 دور التقليد قد لا يكون مجرد تقتصر على تنفيذ الإجراءات التي سبق أن رأينا، ولكن جنبا إلى جنب مع MNS، والسماح للتنفيذ الحركات التي لم يتم بعد لاحظت لكن استقراء من ريبيتويري السيارات المراقب. 12 وفي الواقع، قد التقليد ليس بالضرورة تكون قدرة فطرية، ولكن التراكم المهارات الحركية مع مرور الوقت أن يؤدي إلى إجراءات من ذوي الخبرة ومتطورة. 13 شارع، وقد تبين rength من مراقبة الإجراءات، ما يزيد قليلا ببساطة تخيل لهم لتحسين تعلم المهام الجديدة. 14 وهكذا، قد يكون التقليد اتباع نهج عملي للمبتورين التدريب، وتشير الدلائل إلى أنه هدف توجه عملية 15، مع هدف في الإعداد لإعادة التأهيل تمكين مفيدة التعويضية وظيفة اليد. وقد أظهرت دراسات التأهيل بشكل منفصل أن الإشارات البصرية، مثل المحاكاة الافتراضية اليد الاصطناعية، وتشجيع مبتوري الأطراف خلال التدريب التأهيل. 16 وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، فقد ثبت استخدام التكرار عندما أجريت في نموذج منعت لتمكين التعلم السريع لعلوى للأطراف الاصطناعية السيطرة. 17 وبينما ثبت المحاكاة الافتراضية أن تكون فعالة بنفس القدر من السيطرة الحقيقية على الأيدي الاصطناعية في تمكين المستخدمين abled الجسم للسيطرة على أجهزة كهربية العضل، 18 تأثيرها على مبتوري الأطراف باستخدام مقاييس النتائج موحدة غير واضح. أخيرا، حيث بروتوكولات الطرف العلوي ampuالتدريب الكساء موجود، لا يتم مناقشة دور التقليد في التعلم من السيطرة الاصطناعية صراحة. 19،20 تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى فهم إذا كان استخدام التقليد، بالاشتراك مع التكرار والتعزيز، له تأثير إيجابي على التعلم من السيطرة الاصطناعية متعددة الوظائف كجزء من برنامج تدريبي منظم. المقدمة في هذه الوثيقة هي تقرير حالة بتر transradial الذي كان تدريبهم على استخدام اليد الاصطناعية متعددة الوظائف. قد المشارك تصبح سابقا اعتادوا على تشغيل الأطراف الاصطناعية كهربية العضل التقليدية. باستخدام الإشارات البصرية، سواء في شكل تقليد أحد المتظاهرين صحي والبساطة الكمبيوتر ردود الفعل البصري، وبتر تحسنت بسرعة التعامل مع الجهاز الجديد.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Michelangelo Hand</td>
			<td>Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH, A</td>
			<td>8E500=L-M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AxonRotation</td>
			<td>Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH, A</td>
			<td>9S503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wrist Flexor</td>
			<td>Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH, A</td>
			<td>&#160;--</td>
			<td>prototype unit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AxonMaster</td>
			<td>Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH, A</td>
			<td>13E500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrode</td>
			<td>Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH, A</td>
			<td>13E200=50AC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ScissorFenceElectrodeCarrier</td>
			<td>Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH, A</td>
			<td>&#160;--</td>
			<td>prototype unit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acquisition Software</td>
			<td>Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH, A</td>
			<td>&#160;--</td>
			<td>prototype unit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon shaft</td>
			<td>Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH, A</td>
			<td>&#160;--</td>
			<td>prototype unit</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a structured rehabilitation protocol for improved multifunctional prosthetic control: a case study

وقد أدى التقدم في النظم الروبوتية في الأطراف الاصطناعية للالطرف العلوي التي يمكن أن تنتج حركات متعددة الوظائف. ومع ذلك، فإن هذه النظم المتطورة تتطلب مبتوري الأطراف الطرف العلوي لمعرفة مخططات السيطرة المعقدة. البشر لديهم القدرة على تعلم حركات جديدة من خلال التقليد واستراتيجيات التعلم الأخرى. يصف هذا البروتوكول وسيلة لإعادة التأهيل المنظم، والذي يتضمن التقليد، والتكرار، وتعزيز التعلم، ويهدف إلى تقييم ما إذا كانت هذه الطريقة يمكن تحسين السيطرة على الاصطناعية متعددة الوظائف. A اليسار تحت الكوع مبتوري الأطراف، مع 4 سنوات من الخبرة في استخدام الأطراف الاصطناعية، وشارك في دراسة الحالة هذه. كان البدلة تستخدم يد مايكل أنجلو مع دوران المعصم، والميزات المضافة للانثناء الرسغ والإرشاد، والتي سمحت المزيد من مزيج من حركات اليد. تحسنت ساوثامبتون اليد إجراء تقييم درجة المشارك 58-71 بعد تدريب منظم. هذا يشير إلى أن بروتوكول تدريبي منظم من imitأوجه، والتكرار والتعزيز قد يكون لها دور في التعلم للسيطرة على يد اصطناعية جديدة. ومع ذلك مطلوب دراسة سريرية أكبر لدعم هذه النتائج.

كان أداء SHAP خط الأساس للمشارك مع نظيره بدلة اليومي 81 عند قياسها من قبل الكادر الطبي 8 أشهر قبل الاختبار. والنتيجة SHAP 100 تمثل الأصحاء وظيفة اليد. وسجل 24 المشارك على درجة SHAP العامة لل58 خلال الدورة الساذجة مع نظام أكثر تقدما السيطرة بدلة. ومع ذلك، بعد 3 شهور وبدون تفا?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study at JoVE.com

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

As prosthetic development moves towards the goal of natural control, harnessing amputees&#8217; inherent ability to learn new motor skills may enable proficiency. This manuscript describes a structured rehabilitation protocol, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning strategies, for improved multifunctional prosthetic control.

بروتوكول تأهيل منظم لتحسين الوظائف الترقيعي التحكم: دراسة حالة

Advances in robotic systems have resulted in prostheses for the upper limb that can produce multifunctional movements. However, these sophisticated ...

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Behavior

9.3K Views.  Christian Doppler Laboratory for Restoration of Extremity Function. As prosthetic development moves towards the goal of natural control, harnessing amputees’ inherent ability to learn new motor skills may enable proficiency. This manuscript describes a structured rehabilitation protocol, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning strategies, for improved multifunctional prosthetic control.

Video: A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Rodents have been traditionally used as a standard animal model in laboratory experiments involving a myriad of sensory, cognitive, and motor tasks. Higher cognitive functions that require precise control over sensorimotor responses such as decision-making and attentional modulation, however, are typically assessed in nonhuman primates. Despite the richness of primate behavior that allows multiple variants of these functions to be studied, the rodent model remains an attractive, cost-effective alternative to primate models. Furthermore, the ability to fully automate operant conditioning in rodents adds unique advantages over the labor intensive training of nonhuman primates while studying a broad range of these complex functions.
Here, we introduce a protocol for operantly conditioning rats on performing working memory tasks. During critical epochs of the task, the protocol ensures that the animal's overt movement is minimized by requiring the animal to 'fixate' until a Go cue is delivered, akin to nonhuman primate experimental design. A simple two alternative forced choice task is implemented to demonstrate the performance. We discuss the application of this paradigm to other tasks.

A fully automated protocol for rodent operant conditioning is proposed. The protocol relies on precise temporal control of behavioral events to investigate the extent to which this control influences neural activity underlying sensorimotor integration and cognitive control experiments.

A الآلي بالكامل بروتوكول تكييف القوارض للتكامل حسي حركي والتجارب تحكم المعرفي

Rodents have been traditionally used as a standard animal model in laboratory experiments involving a myriad of sensory, cognitive, and motor tasks. ...

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents

This protocol describes the 5-choice serial reaction time task, which is an operant based task used to study attention and impulse control in rodents. Test day challenges, modifications to the standard task, can be used to systematically tax the neural systems controlling either attention or impulse control. Importantly, these challenges have consistent effects on behavior across laboratories in intact animals and can reveal either enhancements or deficits in cognitive function that are not apparent when rats are only tested on the standard task. The variety of behavioral measures that are collected can be used to determine if other factors (i.e., sedation, motivation deficits, locomotor impairments) are contributing to changes in performance. The versatility of the 5CSRTT is further enhanced because it is amenable to combination with pharmacological, molecular, and genetic techniques.

This protocol describes the 5-choice serial reaction time task, which is an operant based task used to study attention and impulse control in rodents. Test day challenges, which are modifications of the standard task, increase flexibility of the task and can be combined with other manipulations to more fully characterize behavior.

ال 5 اختيار رد الفعل التسلسلي التوقيت المهمة: مهمة من الاهتمام والسيطرة على الانفعالات للقوارض

This protocol describes the 5-choice serial reaction time task, which is an operant based task used to study attention and impulse control in rodents. ...

A Protocol for Housing Mice in an Enriched Environment

Environmental enrichment (EE) is a housing environment for mice that boosts mental and physical health compared to standard laboratory housing. Our recent studies demonstrate that environmental enrichment decreases adiposity, increases energy expenditure, resists diet induced obesity, and causes cancer remission and inhibition in mice. EE typically consists of larger living space, a variety of &#8216;toys&#8217; to interact with, running wheels, and can include a number of other novel environmental changes. All of this fosters a more complex social engagement, cognitive and physical stimulations. Importantly, the toy location and type of toy is changed regularly, which encourages the mice to adapt to a frequently changing and novel environment. Many variables can be manipulated in EE to promote health effects in mice. Thus these approaches are difficult to control and must be properly managed to successfully replicate the associated phenotypes. Therefore, the goal of this video is to demonstrate how EE is properly set up and maintained to assure a complex, challenging, and controlled environment so that other researchers can easily reproduce the protective effects of EE against obesity and cancer.

Environmental enrichment for mice requires a complex and challenging setup, as well as comprehensive husbandry and handling techniques to assure robust metabolic and anti-cancer effects in the mice. This protocol provides detailed procedures to reproduce the above mentioned effects in mice.

بروتوكول لالفئران الإسكان في بيئة المخصب

Environmental enrichment (EE) is a housing environment for mice that boosts mental and physical health compared to standard laboratory housing. Our recent ...

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, Motion Capture, and Virtual Reality

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular function include transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and three-dimensional motion capture. The advent of readily available and cost-effective virtual reality solutions has expanded the capabilities of researchers in recreating &#8220;real-world&#8221; environments and movements in a laboratory setting. Naturalistic movement analysis will not only garner a greater understanding of motor control in healthy individuals, but also permit the design of experiments and rehabilitation strategies that target specific motor impairments (e.g. stroke). The combined use of these tools will lead to increasingly deeper understanding of neural mechanisms of motor control. A key requirement when combining these data acquisition systems is fine temporal correspondence between the various data streams. This protocol describes a multifunctional system&#8217;s overall connectivity, intersystem signaling, and the temporal synchronization of recorded data. Synchronization of the component systems is primarily accomplished through the use of a customizable circuit, readily made with off the shelf components and minimal electronics assembly skills.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and 3D motion capture are commonly used non-invasive techniques for investigating neuromuscular function in humans. In this paper, we describe a protocol that synchronously samples data generated by all three of these tools along with the unique addition of virtual reality stimulus presentation and feedback.

الإعداد متعدد الوظائف لدراسة التحكم في المحركات الإنسان عن طريق تحفيز المغناطيسي عبر الجمجمة، الكهربائي، التقاط متحرك، والواقع الافتراضي

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular ...

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral motor impairments that are frequently dominated in the upper limb. In addition to a reduced movement capacity of the affected upper limb, several children with unilateral CP show a reduced awareness of the remaining movement capacity of that limb. This phenomenon of disregarding the preserved capacity of the affected upper limb is regularly referred to as Developmental Disregard (DD). Different theories have been postulated to explain DD, each suggesting slightly different guidelines for therapy. Still, cognitive processes that might additionally contribute to DD in children with unilateral CP have never been directly studied. The current protocol was developed to study cognitive aspects involved in upper limb control in children with unilateral CP with and without DD. This was done by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from the ongoing EEG during target-response tasks asking for a hand-movement response. ERPs consist of several components, each of them associated with a well-defined cognitive process (e.g., the N1 with early attention processes, the N2 with cognitive control and the P3 with cognitive load and mental effort). Due to its excellent temporal resolution, the ERP technique enables to study several covert cognitive processes preceding overt motor responses and thus allows insight into the cognitive processes that might contribute to the phenomenon of DD. Using this protocol adds a new level of explanation to existing behavioral studies and opens new avenues to the broader implementation of research on cognitive aspects of developmental movement restrictions in children.

Several children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy seem to disregard the preserved capacity of their affected upper limb. This Developmental Disregard is extensively described in the literature but the involved cognitive processes have not been studied. To study underlying cognitive factors of upper limb control, an event-related potential protocol was developed.

الإمكانيات ذات الصلة بالحدث أثناء المهام الهدف الاستجابة لدراسة العمليات المعرفية العليا أطرافهم استخدام في الأطفال الذين يعانون من الشلل الدماغي من جانب واحد

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral ...

Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation

We demonstrate a method for capturing emotional response to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial expression analysis (AFEA) software. Additionally, we demonstrate a method for extracting relevant emotional data output and plotting the emotional response of a population over a specified time frame. By time pairing each participant's treatment response to a control stimulus (baseline), the overall emotional response over time and across multiple participants can be quantified. AFEA is a prospective analytical tool for assessing unbiased response to food and beverages. At present, most research has mainly focused on beverages. Methodologies and analyses have not yet been standardized for the application of AFEA to beverages and foods; however, a consistent standard methodology is needed. Optimizing video capture procedures and resulting video quality aids in a successful collection of emotional response to foods. Furthermore, the methodology of data analysis is novel for extracting the pertinent data relevant to the emotional response. The combinations of video capture optimization and data analysis will aid in standardizing the protocol for automated facial expression analysis and interpretation of emotional response data.

A protocol for capturing and statistically analyzing emotional response of a population to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial expression analysis software is described.

بروتوكول لجمع البيانات وتحليل التطبيقية لالآلي الوجه تقنية تحليل التعبير والتحليل الزمني للتقييم الحسي

We demonstrate a method for capturing emotional response to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial ...

Tickling, a Technique for Inducing Positive Affect When Handling Rats

Handling small animals such as rats can lead to several adverse effects. These include the fear of humans, resistance to handling, increased injury risk for both the animals and the hands of their handlers, decreased animal welfare, and less valid research data. To minimize negative effects on experimental results and human-animal relationships, research animals are often habituated to being handled. However, the methods of habituation are highly variable and often of limited effectiveness. More potently, it is possible for humans to mimic aspects of the animals&#39; playful rough-and-tumble behavior during handling. When applied to laboratory rats in a systematic manner, this playful handling, referred to as tickling, consistently gives rise to positive behavioral responses. This article provides a detailed description of a standardized rat tickling technique. This method can contribute to future investigations into positive affective states in animals, make it easier to handle rats for common husbandry activities such as cage changing or medical/research procedures such as injection, and be implemented as a source of social enrichment. It is concluded that this method can be used to efficiently and practicably reduce rats&#39; fearfulness of humans and improve their welfare, as well as reliably model positive affective states.

This article demonstrates the standardized application of playful handling, a tickling technique designed to mimic rat rough-and-tumble play. This technique is effective at reducing fearful reactions to humans and generating positive affect when rats are handled for common husbandry activities and medical and research procedures such as injection.

دغدغة، تقنية لإحداث تأثير إيجابي عند التعامل مع الفئران

Handling small animals such as rats can lead to several adverse effects. These include the fear of humans, resistance to handling, increased injury risk ...

A Novel Single Animal Motor Function Tracking System Using Simple, Readily Available Software

We have recently demonstrated that implanting intracortical microelectrodes in the motor corteces of rats&#160;results in immediate and lasting motor deficits. Motor impairments were manually quantified through an open field grid test to measure the gross motor function and through a ladder test to measure the fine motor function. Here, we discuss a technique for the automated quantification of the video-recorded tests using our custom Capadona Behavioral Video Analysis System: Grid and Ladder Test, or BVAS. Leveraging simple and readily available coding software (see the Table of Materials), this program allows for the tracking of a single animal on both the open field grid and the ladder tests. In open field grid tracking, the code thresholds the video for intensity, tracks the position of the rat over the 3 min duration of the grid test, and analyzes the path. It then computes and returns measurements for the total distance traveled, the maximum velocity achieved, the number of left- and right-handed turns, and the total number of grid lines crossed by the rat. In ladder tracking, the code again thresholds the video for intensity, tracks the movement of the rat across the ladder, and returns calculated measurements including the time it took the rat to cross the ladder, the number of paw slips occurring below the plane of the ladder rungs, and the incidence of failures due to stagnation or reversals. We envision that the BVAS developed here can be employed for the analysis of motor function in a variety of applications, including many injury or disease models.

The current study aimed to automate the quantification of motor deficits in rats. The initial evaluation model assesses motor loss resulting from an intracortical microelectrode implantation in the motor cortex. We report on the development and use of a tracking algorithm using easily adaptable, simple, and readily available coding software.

رواية حيوان موتور دالة واحدة تتبع النظام باستخدام برامج بسيطة ومتوفرة بسهولة

We have recently demonstrated that implanting intracortical microelectrodes in the motor corteces of rats&#160;results in immediate and lasting motor ...

A Wind Tunnel for Odor Mediated Insect Behavioural Assays

Olfaction is the most important sensory mechanism by which many insects interact with their environment and a wind tunnel is an excellent tool to study insect chemical ecology. Insects can locate point sources in a three-dimensional environment through the sensory interaction and sophisticated behavior. The quantification of this behavior is a key element in the development of new tools for pest control and decision support. A wind tunnel with a suitable flight section with laminar air flow, visual cues for in-flight feedback and a variety of options for the application of odors can be used to measure complex behaviour which subsequently may allow the identification of attractive or repellent odors, insect flight characteristics, visual-odor interactions and interactions between attractants and odors lingering as background odors in the environment. A wind tunnel holds the advantage of studying the odor mediated behavioural repertoire of an insect in a laboratory setting. Behavioural measures in a controlled setting provide the link between the insect physiology and field application. A wind tunnel must be a flexible tool and should easily support the changes to setup and hardware to fit different research questions. The major disadvantage to the wind tunnel setup described here, is the clean odor background which necessitates special attention when developing a synthetic volatile blend for field application.

Here, we describe the construction and use of a wind tunnel for odor mediated behavioural assays with insects. The wind tunnel design facilitates the release of odor sources by several methods, with and without visual stimuli. Wind tunnel experiments are important methods to identify behaviorally active volatile chemicals.

نفق الرياح لرائحة بوساطة الحشرات فحوصات السلوكية

Olfaction is the most important sensory mechanism by which many insects interact with their environment and a wind tunnel is an excellent tool to study ...

Using the FishSim Animation Toolchain to Investigate Fish Behavior: A Case Study on Mate-Choice Copying In Sailfin Mollies

Over the last decade, employing computer animations for animal behavior research has increased due to its ability to non-invasively manipulate the appearance and behavior of visual stimuli, compared to manipulating live animals. Here, we present the FishSim Animation Toolchain, a software framework developed to provide researchers with an easy-to-use method for implementing 3D computer animations in behavioral experiments with fish. The toolchain offers templates to create virtual 3D stimuli of five different fish species. Stimuli are customizable in both appearance and size, based on photographs taken of live fish. Multiple stimuli can be animated by recording swimming paths in a virtual environment using a video game controller. To increase standardization of the simulated behavior, the prerecorded swimming path may be replayed with different stimuli. Multiple animations can later be organized into playlists and presented on monitors during experiments with live fish.
In a case study with sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna), we provide a protocol on how to conduct a mate-choice copying experiment with FishSim. We utilized this method to create and animate virtual males and virtual model females, and then presented these to live focal females in a binary choice experiment. Our results demonstrate that computer animation may be used to simulate virtual fish in a mate-choice copying experiment to investigate the role of female gravid spots as an indication of quality for a model female in mate-choice copying.
Applying this method is not limited to mate-choice copying experiments but can be used in various experimental designs. Still, its usability depends on the visual capabilities of the study species and first needs validation. Overall, computer animations offer a high degree of control and standardization in experiments and bear the potential to &#39;reduce&#39; and &#39;replace&#39; live stimulus animals as well as to &#39;refine&#39; experimental procedures.

Using the FishSim Animation Toolchain to Investigate Fish Behavior: A Case Study on Mate-Choice Copying In Sailfin Mollies

Using the novel FishSim Animation Toolchain, we present a protocol for non-invasive visual manipulation of public information in the context of mate-choice copying in sailfin mollies. FishSim Animation Toolchain provides an easy-to-use framework for the design, animation and presentation of computer-animated fish stimuli for behavioral experiments with live test fish.