detection-genome-transcripts-persistent-dna-virus-neuronal-tissues

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent <i>In situ</i> Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Single cell codetection of a gene, its RNA product and cellular regulatory proteins is critical to study gene expression regulation. This is a challenge ...

a-murine-model-burn-wound-reconstructed-with-an-allogeneic-skin

A Murine Model of a Burn Wound Reconstructed with an Allogeneic Skin Graft

Trivial superficial wounds heal without complications by primary intention. Deep wounds, such as full thickness burns, heal by secondary intention and ...

CNRS UPR 3296

Sorbonne Université, CNRS

[Histoplasmosis leading to diagnosis of HIV infection].

To evaluate the longitudinal anatomical response of retinal-choroidal anastomosis (RCA) to intravitreal ranibizumab injection using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Longitudinal anatomical response of retinal-choroidal anastomosis to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

To optimise interfaces of endothelial buttons created with femtosecond (FS) lasers.

Interface quality of endothelial keratoplasty buttons obtained with optimised femtosecond laser settings.

Major human pathologies are caused by nuclear replicative viruses establishing life-long latent infection in their host. During latency the genomes of these viruses are intimately interacting with the cell nucleus environment. A hallmark of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency establishment is the shutdown of lytic genes expression and the concomitant induction of the latency associated (LAT) transcripts. Although the setting up and the maintenance of the latent genetic program is most likely dependent on a subtle interplay between viral and nuclear factors, this remains uninvestigated. Combining the use of in situ fluorescent-based approaches and high-resolution microscopic analysis, we show that HSV-1 genomes adopt specific nuclear patterns in sensory neurons of latently infected mice (28 days post-inoculation, d.p.i.). Latent HSV-1 genomes display two major patterns, called "Single" and "Multiple", which associate with centromeres, and with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) as viral DNA-containing PML-NBs (DCP-NBs). 3D-image reconstruction of DCP-NBs shows that PML forms a shell around viral genomes and associated Daxx and ATRX, two PML partners within PML-NBs. During latency establishment (6 d.p.i.), infected mouse TGs display, at the level of the whole TG and in individual cells, a substantial increase of PML amount consistent with the interferon-mediated antiviral role of PML. "Single" and "Multiple" patterns are reminiscent of low and high-viral genome copy-containing neurons. We show that LAT expression is significantly favored within the "Multiple" pattern, which underlines a heterogeneity of LAT expression dependent on the viral genome copy number, pattern acquisition, and association with nuclear domains. Infection of PML-knockout mice demonstrates that PML/PML-NBs are involved in virus nuclear pattern acquisition, and negatively regulate the expression of the LAT. This study demonstrates that nuclear domains including PML-NBs and centromeres are functionally involved in the control of HSV-1 latency, and represent a key level of host/virus interaction.

HSV-1 genome subnuclear positioning and associations with host-cell PML-NBs and centromeres regulate LAT locus transcription during latency in neurons.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent infections and autoimmune disorders. However, there have been no reports of ocular involvement, either inflammatory or infectious, in association with IgG subclass deficiency. The authors report the first case of retinal vasculitis that led to the diagnosis of IgG subclass deficiency, in a patient with a history of inflammatory bowel disease and recurrent infections of previously unknown origin.

Retinal vasculitis revealing immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency.

To assess the impact of recurrent unilateral herpetic keratitis (HK) on the tear secretion of the unaffected fellow eye.

Impairment of lacrimal secretion in the unaffected fellow eye of patients with recurrent unilateral herpetic keratitis.

To analyse high-order aberrations (HOA), modulation transfer function (MTF) and Strehl ratio in patients with a history of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) and apparently normal vision.

Optical aberrations in patients with recurrent herpes simplex keratitis and apparently normal vision.

Non-thermal plasmas are gaseous mixtures of molecules, radicals, and excited species with a small proportion of ions and energetic electrons. Non-thermal plasmas can be generated with any high electro-magnetic field. We studied here the pathological effects, and in particular cell death, induced by nanosecond-pulsed high voltage generated plasmas homogeneously applied on cell cultures and nude mouse skin. In vitro, Jurkat cells and HMEC exhibited apoptosis and necrosis, in dose-dependent manner. In vivo, on nude mouse skin, cell death occurred for doses above 113 J/cm(2) for the epidermis, 281 J/cm(2) for the dermis, and 394 J/cm(2) for the hypodermis. Using electron microscopy, we characterized apoptosis for low doses and necrosis for high doses. We demonstrated that these effects were not related to thermal, photonic or pH variations, and were due to the production of free radicals. The ability of cold plasmas to generate apoptosis on cells in suspension and, without any sensitizer, on precise skin areas, opens new fields of application in dermatology for extracorporeal blood cell treatment and the eradication of superficial skin lesions.

Cell death induced on cell cultures and nude mouse skin by non-thermal, nanosecond-pulsed generated plasma.

Cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) is a rare and severe multisystemic disorder. It results from a massive release of cholesterol crystals from widespread atherosclerotic disease. The main difference with atherosclerosis is the severity and the quantity of the embolic events that occur during the course of the disease, eventually leading to multivisceral failure and death. The symptoms are multiple and make it a diagnostic challenge. Fundoscopic examination can be of great help, showing retinal emboli in up to 25% of the cases, and has been rarely described in the ophthalmologic literature. We report the case of a 77-year-old man with acute renal failure after coronarography. Retinal emboli seen in the fundus confirmed the diagnosis of cholesterol crystal embolism and thus prevented any further invasive investigations. In this case, anticoagulants must be stopped and any further endovascular procedure proscribed. Although impossible for this patient, peritoneal dialysis should be preferred to hemodialysis because it does not need any anticoagulation. Systemic corticosteroid can be used in the acute phase. Fundoscopic examination should be performed each time cholesterol crystal embolism is suspected. When typical emboli are seen in the retina, it permits avoiding invasive investigations and saving precious time for the management of this potentially lethal disease.

Antoine Rousseau

Institut de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale

CNRS UPR 3296

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

A Murine Model of a Burn Wound Reconstructed with an Allogeneic Skin Graft

Antoine Rousseau

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Institut de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale

CNRS UPR 3296

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

A Murine Model of a Burn Wound Reconstructed with an Allogeneic Skin Graft

Institut de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale