specimen-collection-and-analysis-of-the-duodenal-microbiome

Specimen Collection and Analysis of the Duodenal Microbiome

Shifts in the microbiome have been correlated with the physiology and pathophysiology of many organ systems both in humans and in mouse models. The gut ...

Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System

David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California

While the effects of rifaximin have been shown to be protective against acute kidney injury (AKI) and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) in alcohol-induced cirrhosis, its long-term effects on the renal function of other cirrhotic patients are unknown.

Rifaximin Decreases the Incidence and Severity of Acute Kidney Injury and Hepatorenal Syndrome in Cirrhosis.

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that plays an integral role in the regulation of energy intake and reproduction by acting centrally on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Our current study explores for the first time the effects of a pharmacological treatment of intraperitoneal kisspeptin-10 on murine feeding behavior, respirometry parameters, energy balance, and metabolic hormones.

Intraperitoneal Treatment of Kisspeptin Suppresses Appetite and Energy Expenditure and Alters Gastrointestinal Hormones in Mice.

Although curcumin's effect on head and neck cancer has been studied in vitro and in vivo, to the authors' knowledge its efficacy is limited by poor systemic absorption from oral administration. APG-157 is a botanical drug containing multiple polyphenols, including curcumin, developed under the US Food and Drug Administration's Botanical Drug Development, that delivers the active components to oromucosal tissues near the tumor target.

A randomized, phase 1, placebo-controlled trial of APG-157 in oral cancer demonstrates systemic absorption and an inhibitory effect on cytokines and tumor-associated microbes.

 The gut microbiome is a key factor in chronic liver disease progression. In prior research, we found that the duodenal microbiome was associated with sex, ethnicity, and cirrhosis complications. Here, we examined the association between diet and the duodenal microbiome in patients with liver cirrhosis. This study included 51 participants who completed a detailed food frequency questionnaire and donated duodenal biopsies for microbiome characterization by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Data were analyzed for alpha diversity, beta diversity, and association of taxa abundance with diet quality and components using QIIME 2 pipelines. Diet quality was assessed through calculation of the Healthy Eating Index 2010. Participants with higher adherence to protein recommendations exhibited increased microbial richness and evenness ( = 0.03) and a different microbial profile compared to those with lower adherence ( = 0.03).  and  were increased in association with increased protein adherence. Fiber consumption was also associated with the duodenal microbial profile ( = 0.01), with several taxa exhibiting significantly decreased or increased abundance in association with fiber intake. Coffee drinking was associated with microbial richness and evenness ( = 0.001), and there was a dose-response association between coffee drinking and relative abundance of  ( = 0.01). We conclude that protein, fiber, and coffee are associated with diversity and composition of the duodenal microbiome in liver cirrhosis.

Dietary Protein, Fiber and Coffee Are Associated with Small Intestine Microbiome Composition and Diversity in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

High protein calorie restriction diets have shown clinical efficacy for obesity, but the mechanisms are not fully known. The intestinal microbiome is a mediator of obesity and preclinical data support an effect of high protein diet (HPD) on the gut microbiome of obesity, but there are few studies in humans.

A High Protein Calorie Restriction Diet Alters the Gut Microbiome in Obesity.

Obesity is best understood as a multifactorial metabolic imbalances disorder. In a cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore sociodemographic and dietary determinants of obesity in relation to brain-gut homeostasis among overweight and obese individuals. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine obesity and its association with sociodemographic and dietary factors. Biological variables examined included the gut microbiome, fecal amino acid metabolites and brain structural volumes. Among 130 participants, there were higher odds of obesity if individuals were Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.56,  = 0.014). Compared to non-Hispanics, Hispanics differed in gut microbial composition ( = 0.046) with lower microbial species richness (Chao1) ( = 0.032) and evenness (Shannon) ( = 0.0029). Fourteen of the twenty fecal amino acids including branch-chain- and aromatic- amino acids were increased among Hispanics ( < 0.05). Brain structural volumes in reward regions were decreased in Hispanics (pallidum,  = 0.036; brainstem,  = 0.011). Correlation patterns suggest complex brain-gut interactions differ by Hispanic ethnicity. In conclusion, Hispanics expressed a unique brain-gut microbial signature, which was associated with obesity despite sociodemographic and dietary differences. Addressing ethnic disparities guided by biologic phenotypes may unlock novel understanding of obesity heterogeneity and treatment strategies.

Article	Year
Rifaximin Decreases the Incidence and Severity of Acute Kidney Injury and Hepatorenal Syndrome in Cirrhosis. Digestive diseases and sciences\| PubMed ID: 27655104	2016
Intraperitoneal Treatment of Kisspeptin Suppresses Appetite and Energy Expenditure and Alters Gastrointestinal Hormones in Mice. Digestive diseases and sciences\| PubMed ID: 31729619	2020
A randomized, phase 1, placebo-controlled trial of APG-157 in oral cancer demonstrates systemic absorption and an inhibitory effect on cytokines and tumor-associated microbes. Cancer\| PubMed ID: 32022261	2020
Dietary Protein, Fiber and Coffee Are Associated with Small Intestine Microbiome Composition and Diversity in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Nutrients\| PubMed ID: 32414035	2020
A High Protein Calorie Restriction Diet Alters the Gut Microbiome in Obesity. Nutrients\| PubMed ID: 33096810	2020
Understanding the Heterogeneity of Obesity and the Relationship to the Brain-Gut Axis. Nutrients\| PubMed ID: 33266058	2020

Tien S. Dong

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