Microeconomics and macroeconomics are two branches of economics that analyze different aspects of the economy at various levels of aggregation.

Microeconomics focuses on the behavior and decisions of individual agents, such as consumers, firms, and industries. It examines how these actors allocate resources to maximize utility or profit, considering factors like demand and supply, pricing, production, and market structures. Microeconomics delves into specific market phenomena, such as determining prices for goods and services, the effects of taxation on consumer behavior, and the impact of government regulations on industries. For example, If the government starts levying tax on luxury goods, then consumers will decrease demand for these luxury goods.

On the other hand, macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole. It studies aggregate measures like Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rates, inflation, and national income. Macroeconomics explores broad economic phenomena and policies that affect the overall performance of the economy, including fiscal and monetary policies, economic growth, business cycles, and international trade. It analyzes how these variables impact the economy's overall health and stability.

In summary, microeconomics examines individual economic units and their interactions, while macroeconomics focuses on the economy as a whole and the factors influencing its performance.