Capital markets serve as the financial infrastructure where savings and investments are exchanged between suppliers of capital and those who need it, such as businesses and governments. These markets serve a crucial economic function by facilitating funds transfers from entities with excess cash to those with a deficit, promoting economic growth and innovation.

The primary components of capital markets include the stock market, where equities or shares of public companies are traded, and the bond market, which focuses on debt securities like government and corporate bonds. Companies gain access to capital by issuing stocks and bonds, offering investors a stake in their operations or a promise to repay borrowed funds with interest.

Capital markets are a financial mechanism and a vital tool for businesses to expand, innovate, and make strategic investments. They also offer investors the potential to grow their wealth over time and individuals the opportunity to save for long-term goals like retirement. Effective regulation is crucial in these markets to safeguard investors and maintain systemic stability.

Capital markets are more than just a part of our economic system. They are the lifeblood, driving progress and shaping global finance, trade, and economic policies.