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Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture

5 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Immunology and Infection

Analysis of the Solvent Accessibility of Cysteine Residues on Maize rayado fino virus Virus-like Particles Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants and Cross-linking of Peptides to VLPs
Angela Natilla 1,2, Rosemarie W. Hammond 1,2
1Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture

A method to analyze the solvent accessibility of the thiol group of cysteine residues of Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV)-virus-like particles (VLPs) followed by a peptide cross-linking reaction is described. The method takes advantage of the availability of several chemical groups on the surface of the VLPs that can be targets for specific reactions.

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Engineering

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes
Galina Yakubova 1, Aleksandr Kavetskiy 1, Stephen A. Prior 1, H. Allen Torbert 1
1National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture

Here, we present the protocol for in situ measurement of soil carbon using the neutron-gamma technique for single point measurements (static mode) or field averages (scanning mode). We also describe system construction and elaborate data treatment procedures.

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Behavior

Key Elements of Photo Attraction Bioassay for Insect Studies or Monitoring Programs
Lee W. Cohnstaedt 1, Jordan C. Disberger 1, Eric Paulsen 2, Adrian J. Duehl 3
1Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 3Bayer

Photo-attraction bioassay arenas are used to determine the optimal light color(s) to maximize insect attraction; however bioassays and methods are specific to target insect behaviors and habitats. Customizable equipment and modifications are explained for nocturnal or diurnal and terrestrial or aerial insects.

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Bioengineering

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota
Jenni Firrman 1, LinShu Liu 1, Pieter Van den Abbeele 2, Ceylan Tanes 3, Kyle Bittinger 3, Peggy Tomasula 1
1Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2ProDigest, 3Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Here, we present a protocol for culturing the gut microbiota of the colon in vitro, using a series of bioreactors that simulate the physiological conditions of the gastro intestinal tract.

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Biology

Methods for Rearing the Parasitoid Ganaspis brasiliensis, a Promising Biological Control Agent for the Invasive Drosophila suzukii
Marco Valerio Rossi-Stacconi 1, Xingeng Wang 2, Amanda Stout 2, Lorenzo Fellin 1,3, Kent M. Daane 4, Antonio Biondi 5, Judith M. Stahl 4, Matthew L. Buffington 6, Gianfranco Anfora 1,3, Kim A. Hoelmer 2
1Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 2Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 3Center for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Trento, 4Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, 5Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 6Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture

Ganaspis brasiliensis-a larval parasitoid of Drosophila suzukii (a global invasive fruit crop pest)-has been approved or is considered for introduction into Europe and the United States for biological control of this pest. This article provides protocols for both small-scale and large-scale rearing of this parasitoid.

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