Chapter 1
了解统计
统计学概论
The science of statistics involves collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data. The method of collecting, organizing, and summarizing data is ...
数据如何分类:分类数据
A variable, usually notated by capital letters such as X and Y, is a characteristic or measurement that can be determined for each member of a population. ...
数据如何分类:数值数据
Data that are countable or measurable in specific units are called numerical or quantitative data. Quantitative data are always numbers. Quantitative data ...
标称测量水平
The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of ...
测量的序数水平
The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of ...
测量间隔水平
For effective statistical analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Data measured using ...
比率测量水平
The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of ...
通过观察收集数据
Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the ...
通过实验收集数据
Data collection is a systematic method of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. An experimental study is a standard method ...
通过调查收集数据
The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data ...
随机抽样方法
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the ...
系统抽样法
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the ...
方便抽样方法
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the ...
分层抽样法
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the ...
聚类抽样方法
Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population ...
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