Chapter 1
Understanding Statistics
Wprowadzenie do statystyki
The science of statistics involves collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data. The method of collecting, organizing, and summarizing data is ...
Jak są klasyfikowane dane: Dane jakościowe
A variable, usually notated by capital letters such as X and Y, is a characteristic or measurement that can be determined for each member of a population. ...
Jak klasyfikowane są dane: Dane liczbowe
Data that are countable or measurable in specific units are called numerical or quantitative data. Quantitative data are always numbers. Quantitative data ...
Nominalny poziom pomiaru
The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of ...
Porządkowy poziom pomiaru
The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of ...
Interwałowy poziom pomiaru
For effective statistical analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Data measured using ...
Poziom pomiaru wskaźnika
The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of ...
Gromadzenie danych na podstawie obserwacji
Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the ...
Zbieranie danych za pomocą eksperymentów
Data collection is a systematic method of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. An experimental study is a standard method ...
Gromadzenie danych za pomocą ankiety
The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data ...
Metoda losowego pobierania próbek
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the ...
Systematyczna metoda pobierania próbek
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the ...
Wygodna metoda pobierania próbek
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the ...
Warstwowa metoda pobierania próbek
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the ...
Metoda próbkowania klastrowego
Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population ...
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