11.1 : 生命体征简介

Vital signs include measuring body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiration, abbreviated as T, P, BP, SpO₂, and R.

In some hospitals, pain, and level of consciousness are also considered vital signs.

The measurements of vital signs provide the baseline data to determine a person's health status.

Variations in readings indicate a change in physiological function, which helps nurses to identify healthcare needs and plan interventions accordingly.

Illness, stress, environmental temperature, and age are some factors that can alter vital signs.

Nurses must know the acceptable ranges of vital signs for different age groups.

The vital signs are measured in the following situations:

During a  physical examination

During admission to a healthcare setting

Before and after surgery, a procedure, or diagnostic test

Before and after administering medications that affect cardiovascular and respiratory functions

Before and after an activity such as ambulation

When there is a change in the patient's condition or loss of consciousness

Individual hospital policies and patient care plans may indicate the frequency of vital sign measurement.