Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these limitations. This approach estimates mean pharmacokinetic parameters or drug behavior within different populations and identifies covariates that influence drug disposition. By considering a larger population, population pharmacokinetics enables a better understanding of the drug response variability.

One example of a technique used in population pharmacokinetics is the nonlinear mixed-effect model (NONMEM). NONMEM accounts for inter-individual variability and residual error, allowing for more accurate analysis of population pharmacokinetic data. These models can simulate drug concentration-time profiles for different dosing regimens and patient populations, aiding in dose individualization, drug therapy optimization, and prediction of drug-drug interactions. Model selection criteria are crucial in evaluating and comparing different population pharmacokinetic models. These criteria help ensure that the selected model accurately represents the observed data and provides reliable predictions. Decision analysis techniques are also employed to assess uncertainty and variability in population pharmacokinetic model parameters. These techniques help researchers make evidence-based decisions regarding drug development and clinical practices.