这项工作是由国家多发性硬化症协会（TA 3021 - A1 /吨的AEC）和圣安东尼奥的得克萨斯大学的支持。

试剂的制备准备与10X的HBSS部分没有搅拌约9 percoll部分股票等渗percoll（SIP），4毫升，每大脑+ +和Mg + +。 准备在70％1X的HBSS SIP的无钙+ +和Mg + +中，大脑每2毫升到15毫升的聚丙烯锥形管处方。 注：建议percoll应在室温下使用，如果使用的冷，细胞易于聚集和细胞分离效率较低。 组织收集和同质化通过左心室与冰冷的1X的HBSS麻醉小鼠和灌注。解剖大脑和脊髓和保持无酚红的RPMI的牺牲，直到所有的老鼠。 7或15毫升dounce匀浆包含3毫升的RPMI组织，轻轻地用一个宽松的杵由tigh装修杵（B尺寸）进一步游离于组织（大小）一个细胞悬液。完成卷7毫升细胞悬液，用RPMI。 梯度设置了加入3毫升的SIP细胞悬液，作最后的30％的SIP 慢慢层10 mL细胞悬液，70％的SIP上。这是最关键的一步程序，用吸管援助在重力作用下，避免混合70％和30％的解决方案的模式设置。一个非常明确的平线应在70％-30％的交界处可见。 在500G 18 ° C离心30分钟确保离心机将与很少或没有刹车停止，使相间不受影响。 使用吸管转移，轻轻取出碎片层，从管的顶部，并收集到一个干净的锥形管，含8毫升的1X的HBSS的2.0-3.0毫升的70％-30％相间。确保包含相间的percoll稀释约三倍，在500G混合几次反演和centrifugre 7分钟，在18 ° C。 悬浮颗粒细胞染色缓冲液1毫升，并将其转移到1.5 ml管和洗一个更多的时间使用一个微型离心机10,000 G 1分钟在4 ° C 抗体染色在50μL的纯化antimouse CD16/CD32悬浮颗粒在细胞染色缓冲液稀释1:200块FC的结合位点。在冰上孵育10分钟。使用血球计数细胞。 添加50μL抗体鸡尾酒组合，并在冰上孵育30分钟。必须首先每个抗体滴定，以评估最佳稀释。请根据您的特定流式细胞仪激光和过滤器设置的功能选择合适的荧光组合。 在100-200细胞染色缓冲液洗细胞在细胞染色缓冲液，悬浮颗粒，并立即在流式细胞仪分析，或者细胞可悬浮在2％的多聚甲醛的PBS准备（PFA）和4存储通宵° C 。 代表性的成果： 旋转梯度后，应在70％-30％相间有一个定义的白色光晕，并从一个天真的鼠标恢复细胞的定量应产量3-5 X10 5％的小鼠细胞（脑部以及脊髓）。发炎的大脑可能有不等的炎性细胞的数目，取决于中枢神经系统的侮辱或疾病模型（图1）。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2348/2348fig1.jpg" alt="图1" /> 图1分离单个核细胞从幼稚和EAE的大脑，在繁忙的疾病。脑细胞悬浮液中分离比不连续的70％/ 30％percoll梯度。与FC块培养细胞染色，抗CD45抗体在冰上30分钟。细胞在细胞染色缓冲液冲洗，并固定在2％PFA在一个LSR - II之前收购。 CD45的强度测量Y轴，三个不同的人群，可视化。使用额外的抗体CD45 您好浸润细胞的免疫表型的进一步鉴定，后经流式细胞仪分析。

<ol>
	<li>Sedgwick, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+direct+characterization+of+resident+microglial+cells+from+the+normal+and+inflamed+central+nervous+system.">Isolation and direct characterization of resident microglial cells from the normal and inflamed central nervous system.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88, 7438-7442 (1991).</li><li>Ponomarev, E. D., Shriver, L. P., Maresz, K., Dittel, B. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglial+cell+activation+and+proliferation+precedes+the+onset+of+CNS+autoimmunity.">Microglial cell activation and proliferation precedes the onset of CNS autoimmunity.</a> J. Neurosci. Res. 81, 374-389 (2005).</li><li>Ford, A. L., Goodsall, A. L., Hickey, W. F., Sedgwick, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normal+adult+ramified+microglia+separated+from+other+central+nervous+system+macrophages+by+flow+cytometric+sorting.+Phenotypic+differences+defined+and+direct+ex+vivo+antigen+presentation+to+myelin+basic+protein-reactive+CD4++T+cells+compared.">Normal adult ramified microglia separated from other central nervous system macrophages by flow cytometric sorting. Phenotypic differences defined and direct ex vivo antigen presentation to myelin basic protein-reactive CD4+ T cells compared.</a> J Immunol. 154, 4309-4321 (1995).</li><li>Cardona, A. E., Huang, D., Sasse, M. E., Ransohoff, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+murine+microglial+cells+for+RNA+analysis+or+flow+cytometry.">Isolation of murine microglial cells for RNA analysis or flow cytometry.</a> Nat. Protoc. 1, 1947-1951 (2006).</li><li>Juedes, A. E., Ruddle, N. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resident+and+infiltrating+central+nervous+system+APCs+regulate+the+emergence+and+resolution+of+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis.">Resident and infiltrating central nervous system APCs regulate the emergence and resolution of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.</a> J. Immunol. 166, 5168-5175 (2001).</li><li>Prinz, M., Priller, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tickets+to+the+brain:+Role+of+CCR2+and+CX(3)CR1+in+myeloid+cell+entry+in+the+CNS.">Tickets to the brain: Role of CCR2 and CX(3)CR1 in myeloid cell entry in the CNS.</a> J Neuroimmunol. , (2010).</li><li>Mildner, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglia+in+the+adult+brain+arise+from+Ly-6ChiCCR2++monocytes+only+under+defined+host+conditions.">Microglia in the adult brain arise from Ly-6ChiCCR2+ monocytes only under defined host conditions.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 10, 1544-1553 (2007).</li><li>Djukic, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulating+monocytes+engraft+in+the+brain,+differentiate+into+microglia+and+contribute+to+the+pathology+following+meningitis+in+mice.">Circulating monocytes engraft in the brain, differentiate into microglia and contribute to the pathology following meningitis in mice.</a> Brain. 129, 2394-2403 (2006).</li></ol>

中枢神经系统的白细胞从正常和炎症鼠标组织中的细胞表面标记的分析已动用1-3几十年。隔离协议是基于在小胶质细胞和白细胞密度离心分离4。在这里，我们描述一个孤立的中枢神经系统的白细胞使用不连续percoll梯度的快速和有效的方法。经过细胞的分离，染色等各种抗体AS -的，但不局限于- CD45，CD4，CD8细胞CD11b，CD19等可以渗透后一个特定的病理诱导中枢神经系统的免疫人群的...

组织的同质化和渐变<ul><li> Percoll（Amersham公司） </li><li> 10X汉克斯“无钙，镁，平衡盐溶液（Gibco公司） </li><li>无酚红，中等的RPMI 1640（Gibco公司） </li><li> 7毫升或15毫升Dounce组织研磨机（VWR） </li></ul>流式细胞仪<ul><li>细胞染色缓冲液（Biolegend） </li><li>纯净的大鼠抗小鼠CD16/CD32（鼠标BD FC块），BD Pharmingen公司</li><li> Hemacytometer（费舍尔） </li><li>抗鼠CD45（克隆30 - F11），CD4（上克隆令吉- 5），CD19（克隆6D5），BioLegend </li><li> 10X磷酸盐缓冲液，无钙和镁（Thermo Scientific的） </li><li>多聚甲醛（Sigma公司Aldrich公司） </li><li>流式细胞仪分析与LSR II（BD公司） </li></ul>

isolation of brain and spinal cord mononuclear cells using percoll gradients

渗透在中枢神经系统感染，外伤，自身免疫性疾病或神经退行性疾病（CNS）的免疫细胞的分离，往往需要定义其表型和效应功能。组织化学方法有助于确定的浸润细胞的位置，并分析相关的中枢神经系统病理。然而，在原位组织化学及免疫荧光染色技术可以在一个单一的时间用来描述在一个特定的组织的免疫细胞亚型的抗体数量是有限的。因此，组织学与免疫表型流式细胞仪结合的方法是至关重要的，充分体现当地中枢神经系统浸润的组成。该协议是基于对中枢神经系统的细胞悬浮液比不连续percoll梯度分离。本文介绍一个快速的协议，有效地从大脑和脊髓组织，可以有效地利用各种免疫细胞群，在流式细胞仪检测单个样品的鉴定中分离出的单个核细胞。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients at JoVE.com

Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

本文介绍一个快速的协议，有效地从大脑和脊髓组织，可以有效地利用流式细胞仪分析中分离出的单个核细胞。

大脑和脊髓的单核细胞的分离，使用Percoll梯度

Isolation of immune cells that infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) during infection, trauma, autoimmunity or neurodegeneration, is often required ...

isolation-brain-spinal-cord-mononuclear-cells-using-percoll

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

40.5K 次观看.  University of Texas at San Antonio - UTSA. 本文介绍一个快速的协议，有效地从大脑和脊髓组织，可以有效地利用流式细胞仪分析中分离出的单个核细胞。

视频: Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

Quantitative Assessment of Immune Cells in the Injured Spinal Cord Tissue by Flow Cytometry:  a Novel Use for a Cell Purification Method

Detection of immune cells in the injured central nervous system (CNS) using morphological or histological techniques has not always provided true quantitative analysis of cellular inflammation. Flow cytometry is a quick alternative method to quantify immune cells in the injured brain or spinal cord tissue. Historically, flow cytometry has been used to quantify immune cells collected from blood or dissociated spleen or thymus, and only a few studies have attempted to quantify immune cells in the injured spinal cord by flow cytometry using fresh dissociated cord tissue. However, the dissociated spinal cord tissue is concentrated with myelin debris that can be mistaken for cells and reduce cell count reliability obtained by the flow cytometer. We have advanced a cell preparation method using the OptiPrep gradient system to effectively separate lipid/myelin debris from cells, providing sensitive and reliable quantifications of cellular inflammation in the injured spinal cord by flow cytometry. As described in our recent study (Beck &amp; Nguyen et al., Brain. 2010 Feb; 133 (Pt 2): 433-47), the OptiPrep cell preparation had increased sensitivity to detect cellular inflammation in the injured spinal cord, with counts of specific cell types correlating with injury severity. Critically, novel usage of this method provided the first characterization of acute and chronic cellular inflammation after SCI to include a complete time course for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs, neutrophils), macrophages/microglia, and T-cells over a period ranging from 2 hours to 180 days post-injury (dpi), identifying a surprising novel second phase of cellular inflammation. Thorough characterization of cellular inflammation using this method may provide a better understanding of neuroinflammation in the injured CNS, and reveal an important multiphasic component of neuroinflammation that may be critical for the design and implementation of rational therapeutic treatment strategies, including both cell-based and pharmacological interventions for SCI.

Quantification of cellular inflammation in the injured/pathological CNS by flow cytometry is complicated by lipid/myelin debris that can have similar size and granulation to cells, decreasing sensitivity/accuracy. We have advanced a cell preparation method to remove myelin debris and improve cell detection by flow cytometry in the injured spinal cord.

免疫细胞在受伤的脊髓组织流式细胞仪定量评估：一个细胞的分离纯化方法的新颖使用

Detection of immune cells in the injured central nervous system (CNS) using morphological or histological techniques has not always provided true ...

科研

免疫与感染

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) via a rapid intracranial injection technique and how to purify a leukocyte-enriched population of infiltrating cells from whole brain. Briefly, mice are anesthetized with isoflurane in a closed chamber and are free-hand injected with a Hamilton syringe into the frontal cortex. Mice are then killed at various times after infection by isoflurane overdose and whole brains are extracted and homogenized in RPMI with a Tenbroeck tissue grinder. Brain homogenates are centrifuged through a continuous 30% Percoll gradient to remove the myelin and other cell debris. The cell suspension is then strained at 40 &mu;m, washed and centrifuged on a discontinuous Ficoll-Paque Plus gradient to select and purify the leukocytes. The leukocytes are then washed and resuspended in appropriate buffers for immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry reveals a population of innate immune cells at the early stages of infection in C57BL/6 mice. At 24 hours post infection, multiple subsets of immune cells are present in the BILs, with an enriched population of Gr1+, CD11b+ and F4/80+cells. Therefore, this method is useful in characterizing the immune response to acute infection in the brain.

A rapid method to obtain infiltrating leukocytes from the murine brain is described. This method utilizes a continuous Percoll gradient and discontinuous Ficoll gradient to select and purify the leukocyte-enriched layer. Isolated leukocytes may then be characterized by flow cytometric measurements.

脑浸润白细胞的分离

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine ...

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen presenting cell (APC) types found in a normal thymus and it is well established that they play distinct roles during thymic selection. These cells are localized in distinct microenvironments in the thymus and each APC type makes up only a minor population of cells. To further understand the biology of these cell types, characterization of these cell populations is highly desirable but due to their low frequency, isolation of any of these cell types requires an efficient and reproducible procedure. This protocol details a method to obtain cells suitable for characterization of diverse cellular properties. Thymic tissue is mechanically disrupted and after different steps of enzymatic digestion, the resulting cell suspension is enriched using a Percoll density centrifugation step. For isolation of myeloid DC (CD11c+), cells from the low-density fraction (LDF) are immunoselected by magnetic cell sorting. Enrichment of TEC populations (mTEC, cTEC) is achieved by depletion of hematopoietic (CD45hi) cells from the low-density Percoll cell fraction allowing their subsequent isolation via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) using specific cell markers. The isolated cells can be used for different downstream applications.

This protocol details a method to isolate antigen presenting cells from human thymus via different steps of enzymatic digestion of the tissue followed by density centrifugation of the single cell suspension and finally magnetic and/or FACS sorting of the cell populations of interest.

从人类胸腺髓样树突状细胞和上皮细胞的分离

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the &#946;-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of&#160;how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists&#8217; discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.

Presented here is a straightforward method for the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells that yields time-dependent quantitative data on the number and activation status of immune cells entering the early brain tumor microenvironment.

分离和胶质瘤浸润外周血单个核细胞的流式细胞仪分析

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

Isolation of Lamina Propria Mononuclear Cells from Murine Colon Using Collagenase E

The intestine is the home to the largest number of immune cells in the body. The small and large intestinal immune systems police exposure to exogenous antigens and modulate responses to potent microbially derived immune stimuli. For this reason, the intestine is a major target site of immune dysregulation and inflammation in many diseases including but, not limited to inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn&#8217;s disease and ulcerative colitis, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and many allergic and infectious conditions. Murine models of gastrointestinal inflammation and colitis are heavily used to study GI complications and to pre-clinically optimize strategies for prevention and treatment. Data gleaned from these models via isolation and phenotypic analysis of immune cells from the intestine is critical to further immune understanding that can be applied to ameliorate gastrointestinal and systemic inflammatory disorders. This report describes a highly effective protocol for the isolation of mononuclear cells (MNC) from the colon using a mixed silica-based density gradient interface. This method reproducibly isolates a significant number of viable leukocytes while minimizing contaminating debris, allowing subsequent immune phenotyping by flow cytometry or other methods.

The goal of this protocol is to isolate mononuclear cells that reside in the lamina propria of the colon by enzymatic digestion of the tissue using collagenase. This protocol allows for the efficient isolation of mononuclear cells resulting in a single cell suspension which in turn can be used for robust immunophenotyping.

使用胶原酶E从毛里结肠分离拉米纳普里亚单核细胞

The intestine is the home to the largest number of immune cells in the body. The small and large intestinal immune systems police exposure to exogenous ...

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue

Studying isolated cells from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) allows understanding of immune cells response in pathologies involving mucosal immunity, because they can model host-pathogen interactions in the tissue. While isolated cells derived from tissues were the first cell culture model, their use has been neglected because tissue can be hard to obtain. In the present protocol, we explain how to easily process and culture tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs) from healthy human tonsils to study innate immune responses upon activation, mimicking viral infection in mucosal tissues. Isolation of TMCs from the tonsils is quick, because the tonsils barely have any epithelium and yield up to billions of all major immune cell types. This method allows detection of cytokine production using several techniques, including immunoassays, qPCR, microscopy, flow cytometry, etc., similar to the use of peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from blood. Furthermore, TMCs show a higher sensitivity to drug testing than PBMCs, which needs to be considered for future toxicity assays. Thus, ex vivo TMCs cultures are an easy and accessible mucosal model.

In the present protocol, we explain how to easily process and culture tonsillar mononuclear cells from healthy humans undergoing partial surgical tonsillectomy to study innate immune responses upon activation, mimicking viral infection in mucosal tissues.

单核细胞分离研究人类粘膜淋巴组织中先天免疫反应

Studying isolated cells from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) allows understanding of immune cells response in pathologies involving mucosal ...

Flotation-Based T Cell Isolation, Activation, and Expansion from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Samples Using Microbubbles

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical testing, and cell-based therapies. In this study, a simple, novel protocol to isolate, activate, and expand T cells from PBMCs ex vivo is presented. This study utilizes functionalized buoyancy-activated cell sorting (BACS) technology to isolate and activate T cells. Briefly, the protocol involves the positive selection of CD3+ cells from leukopak-derived PBMCs, followed by a 48 h co-stimulation with pre-conjugated anti-CD28-bound streptavidin microbubbles (SAMBs) prior to transduction in 24-well plates. Functionalized microbubbles offer a unique opportunity to buoyantly activate cells, leading to proliferative phenotypes that allow for expansion with minimal exhaustion. This technique offers reduced exhaustion because the co-stimulatory microbubbles remain buoyant and return to the top of the culture medium, thus reducing the amount of time that the expanding cells are in contact with the co-stimulatory factors. The results indicate that the isolated and cultured T cells receive enough stimulation to activate and proliferate but not to an extent that leads to overactivation, which then leads to exhaustion, as demonstrated by the presence of excessive PD-1.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of flotation-based separation to isolate, activate, and expand primary human T cells.

使用微泡从人外周血单核细胞样品中分离、活化和扩增基于浮选的 T 细胞

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical ...

用于线粒体生物能量学分析的 PBMC 采集和低温储存

Cryopreservation and Bioenergetic Evaluation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases and aging. Oxidative phosphorylation plays a decisive role, as it is crucial for the maintenance of energetic homeostasis. PBMCs have been identified as a minimally invasive sample to measure mitochondrial function and have been shown to reflect disease conditions. However, measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetic function can be limited by several factors in human samples. Limitations are the amount of samples taken, sampling time, which is often spread over several days, and locations. Cryopreservation of the collected samples can ensure consistent collection and measurement of samples. Care should be taken to ensure that the parameters measured are comparable between cryopreserved and freshly prepared cells. Here, we describe methods for isolating and cryopreserving PBMCs from human blood samples to analyze the bioenergetic function of the mitochondria in these cells. PBMC cryopreserved according to the protocol described here show only minor differences in cell number and viability, adenosine triphosphate levels, and measured respiratory chain activity compared with freshly harvested cells. Only 8-24 mL of human blood is needed for the described preparations, making it possible to collect samples during clinical studies multicentrally and determine their bioenergetics on site.

作者聚焦：冷冻保存后外周血单核细胞中生物能量参数的保存 

Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be used for the analysis of immune functions and disorders, metabolic diseases, or mitochondrial functions. In this work, we describe a standardized method for the preparation of PBMCs from whole blood and the subsequent cryopreservation. Cryopreservation makes this time and place independent.

人外周血单核细胞的冷冻保存与生物能量评价

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases ...