作者非常感谢菲利普博士H.国家人类神经干细胞在儿童医院研究所提供hNSPCs在他们的培养和初始指令，奥兰治县的资源施瓦茨。

注意 ：对于我们hNSPCs的日常培养，我们改变了50-100％的媒体隔日通常通过他们1:2每周一次。文化传媒，包含20％位9500 1X抗生素/ antimycotic，和生长因子（EGF，FGF和PDGF在40毫微克/毫升）的DMEM：F12基地媒体。 准备涂层烧瓶中，游离的细胞<ol><li>为了准备新的传代细胞，大衣10微克/毫升EMEM人纤维连接蛋白为4小时，或隔夜与T25烧瓶，在37 ° C间组织培养箱内培养烧瓶。前传代细胞，去除纤维连接蛋白的解决方案，并用PBS冲洗烧瓶。 </li><li>从细胞传代，以新的纤维连接蛋白涂层烧瓶（如最终成交量的一半，每个烧瓶媒体将“空调”的媒体），转移旧的“空调”的媒体。这些培养条件，帮助保持这些细胞的未分化状态。 </li><li>一旦所有的媒体都从传代的细胞取出，冲洗细胞一次，用PBS。小心不要干细胞。 </li><li>直接加入到细胞为T25烧瓶（1.0-1.5毫升）细胞解离缓冲器（CDB）。在缓冲区中孵育细胞在室温下约5分钟。轻轻拍打烧瓶中，将有助于加快细胞脱落。 </li></ol>离心，Resuspending，电镀细胞<ol><li>烧瓶与分离的细胞中加入含血清的介质（DMEM：F12与10％热灭活胎牛血清）（使用〜3倍量的国家开发银行）。删除到15毫升锥形管媒体和细胞。体积小，使用新鲜的含血清媒体冲洗烧瓶，并收回剩余的细胞。 </li><li>在1000 rpm（〜200xg）的媒体和细胞离心5分钟。 </li><li>吸过的含血清媒体和新鲜培养基重悬细胞，吹打起来，使一个同质化的细胞悬液。 </li><li>每个新瓶转移到了1:2分割的悬浮细胞的一半。注意烧瓶的新通道数量。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Flanagan, L. A., Rebaza, L. M., Derzic, S., Schwartz, P. H., Monuki, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+human+neural+precursor+cells+by+laminin+and+integrins.">Regulation of human neural precursor cells by laminin and integrins.</a> J. Neurosci. Res. 83, 845-856 (2006).</li><li>Nethercott, H. N., Maxwell, H., Schwartz, P. H., Loring, J. F., Wesselschmidt, R. W., Schwartz, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+stem+cell+culture.">Neural stem cell culture.</a> Human Stem Cell Manual: A Laboratory Guide. , (2007).</li><li>Palmer, T. D., Schwartz, P. H., Taupin, P., Kaspar, B., Stein, S. A., Gage, F. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+culture.+Progenitor+cells+from+human+brain+after+death.">Cell culture. Progenitor cells from human brain after death.</a> Nature. 411, 42-43 (2001).</li><li>Schwartz, P. H., Bryant, P. J., Fuja, T. J., Su, H., O'Dowd, D. K., Klassen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+neural+progenitor+cells+from+post-mortem+human+cortex.">Isolation and characterization of neural progenitor cells from post-mortem human cortex.</a> J Neurosci Res. 74, 838-851 (2003).</li></ol>

我们发现，这个协议提供了可靠的文化hNSPCs。我们的细胞的一个关键因素是，他们需要保持相当密集的文化，不能传代细胞稀疏的点。在我们手中，稀疏的文化成长非常缓慢或完全停止分裂。出于这个原因，我们通常会分裂我们的文化为1:2或1:3时，文化是非常密集。涂层与纤维连接蛋白的培养皿的表面是很重要的，因为它可以促进良好的细胞粘附和迁移，但与层粘连蛋白，它也允许使用细胞解离缓冲器（CDB）来?...

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<td>BIT-9500 (BSA, Insulin, Transferrin)</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Stem Cell Technologies</td>
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<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>15240-062</td>
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<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>11330-032</td>
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<td>EMEM (1X)</td>
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<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>10437-028</td>
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<td>EGF, human recombinant</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BD Biosciences</td>
<td>CB40052</td>
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<td>Cell Culture Flask, 25 cm2</td>
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<td>Corning</td>
<td>10-126-28</td>
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passaging human neural stem cells

操作能力在体外培养人类神经干/前体细胞（hNSPCs）提供了一种手段调查细胞移植用于治疗目的的效用，以及探索人类神经系统发育和病理的许多基本过程。该协议提出了希望规范这种技术和提高人类干细胞研究的可重复性的一个简单的方法，培养和传代hNSPCs。我们使用的hNSPCs尸体产后大脑皮质中分离，由国家人类神经干细胞资源，并成长为烧瓶壁的文化与纤维连接蛋白（Palmer等人，2001年。Schwartz等人，2003年）涂层。我们的文化我们hNSPCs DMEM培养液：无血清F12媒体补充EGF，FGF和PDGF，通过他们的1:2，大约每7天。利用这些条件下，广大文化细胞保持双极形态和未分化的神经干细胞（如nestin和SOX2）表达的标记。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Passaging Human Neural Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Gene Expression | Biology Video Collection

Passaging Human Neural Stem Cells

操作能力在体外培养人类神经干/前体细胞（hNSPCs）允许调查作为细胞移植用于治疗目的的实用价值与探索人类的神经系统发育。该协议提出希望增加人类干细胞研究的可重复性的培养和传代hNSPCs的方法。

传代人类神经干细胞

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

14.5K 次观看.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). 操作能力在体外培养人类神经干/前体细胞（hNSPCs）允许调查作为细胞移植用于治疗目的的实用价值与探索人类的神经系统发育。该协议提出希望增加人类干细胞研究的可重复性的培养和传代hNSPCs的方法。

视频: Passaging Human Neural Stem Cells

Passaging HuES Human Embryonic Stem Cell-lines with Trypsin.

In this video we demonstrate how our lab routinely passages HuES human embryonic stem cell lines with trypsin.  Human embryonic stem cells are artifacts of cell culture, and tend to acquire karyotypic abnormalities with high population doublings.  Proper passaging is essential for maintaining a healthy, undifferentiated, karyotypically normal HuES human embryonic stem cell culture.  First, an expanding culture is washed in PBS to remove residual media and cell debris, then cells are overlaid with a minimal volume of warm 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA.  Trypsin is left on the cells for up to five minutes, then cells are gently dislodged with a 2mL serological pipette.  The cell suspension is collected and mixed with a large volume of HuES media, then cells are collected by gentle centrifugation.  The inactivated trypsin media mixture is removed, and cells resuspended in pre-warmed HuES media.  An appropriate split ratio is calculated (generally 1:10 to 1:20), and cells re-plated onto a 1-2 day old plate containing a monolayer of irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder cells.  The newly seeded HuES culture plate is left undisturbed for 48 hrs, then media is changed every day thereafter.  It is important not to trpsinize down to a single cell suspension, as this increases the risk of introducing karyotypic abnormalities.

In this video we demonstrate how our lab routinely passages HuES human embryonic stem cell lines with trypsin. Brought to you by JoVE.

人类胚胎干细胞传代的色调线与胰蛋白酶

In this video we demonstrate how our lab routinely passages HuES human embryonic stem cell lines with trypsin.  Human embryonic stem cells are artifacts ...

科研

生物学

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem ES Cells

人类胚胎干细胞（ES细胞）的繁殖

Transfecting Human Neural Stem Cells with the Amaxa Nucleofector

Transfection of primary mammalian neural cells, such as human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), with commonly used cationic lipid transfection reagents has often resulted in poor cell viability and low transfection efficiency.  Other mechanical methods of introducing a gene of interest, such as a &#8220;gene gun&#8221; or microinjection, are also limited by poor cell viability and low numbers of transfected cells.  The strategy of using viral constructs to introduce an exogenous gene into primary cells has been constrained by both the amount of time and labor required to create viral vectors and potential safety concerns.  We describe here a step-by-step protocol for transfecting hNSPCs using Amaxa's Nucleofector device and technology with electrical current parameters and buffer solutions specifically optimized for transfecting neural stem cells.  Using this protocol, we have achieved initial transfection efficiencies of ~35% and ~70% after stable transfection.  The protocol entails combining a high number of hNSPCs with the DNA to be transfected in the appropriate buffer followed by electroporation with the Nucleofector device.

Introducing a gene of interest into a cell is a powerful method for elucidating its function in vivo. This protocol describes an efficient method of transfecting a culture of human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) using the Nucleofector electroporation apparatus made by Amaxa.

人类神经干细胞转染与Amaxa Nucleofector

Transfection of primary mammalian neural cells, such as human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), with commonly used cationic lipid transfection ...

Counting Human Neural Stem Cells

Knowledge of the exact number of viable cells in a given volume of a cell suspension is required for many routine tissue culture manipulations, such as plating cells for immunocytochemistry or for cell transfections. This protocol describes a straightforward and fast method for differentiating between live and dead cells and quantifying the cell concentration and total cell number using a hemacytometer. This procedure first requires detaching cells from a growth surface and resuspending them in media. Next, the cells are diluted in a solution of Trypan blue (ideally to a concentration that will give 20-50 cells per quadrant) and placed in the hemacytometer. Finally, averaging the counts of viable cells in several randomly selected quadrants, dividing the average by the volume of one 1 mm2 quadrant (0.1 &mu;l) and multiplying by the dilution factor gives the number of cells per l. Multiplying this cell concentration by the total volume in &mu;l gives the total cell number. This protocol describes counting human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), but can also be used for many other cell types.

Knowledge of the exact number of viable cells is required for many tissue culture manipulations. This protocol describes how to differentiate between live and dead cells and quantify cells using a hemacytometer. Although it describes counting human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), it can be used for other cell types.

人类神经干细胞计数

Knowledge of the exact number of viable cells in a given volume of a cell suspension is required for many routine tissue culture manipulations, such as ...

Immunocytochemistry: Human Neural Stem Cells

Immunocytochemistry is a very powerful and fairly straightforward method for determining the presence, subcellular localization, and relative abundance of an antigen of interest, most commonly a protein, in cultured cells. This protocol presents an easy-to-follow series of steps that will enable researchers to conserve primary and secondary antibodies while getting high quality, reproducible qualitative and quantitative data out of their staining. There are two aspects of this protocol that help to conserve the volume of antibody necessary for staining. For one, the cells are grown on small, circular coverslips that are placed in wells of a tissue culture plate. After fixation, the cells on coverslips can be removed from the wells of the plate. For antibody staining, the coverslip with cells is inverted onto a small drop of antibody solution on parafilm and is covered with a second piece of parafilm to prevent drying. Using this method, only ~25 &mu;l of antibody solution is needed for each coverslip (or sample) to be stained. This protocol describes immunostaining of human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), but can be used for many other cell types.

Immunocytochemistry is a powerful method to determine the presence, subcellular localization, and relative abundance of an antigen of interest in cultured cells. This protocol presents an easy-to-follow series of steps that will enable one to conserve antibodies and get the most out of one's staining.

免疫组化：人类神经干细胞

Immunocytochemistry is a very powerful and fairly straightforward method for determining the presence, subcellular localization, and relative abundance of ...

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass. 


The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass.

人类胚胎干细胞的推导Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both ...

Mouse Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell (EPI-NCSC) Cultures

EPI-NCSC are remnants of the embryonic neural crest in an adult location, the bulge of hair follicles. They are multipotent stem cells that have the physiological property to generate a wide array of differentiated cell types, including neurons, nerve supporting cells, smooth muscle cells, bone/cartilage cells and melanocytes. EPI-NCSC are easily accessible in the hairy skin and can be isolated as a highly pure population of stem cells. This video provides a detailed protocol for preparing mouse EPI-NCSC cultures from whisker follicles. The whisker pad of an adult mouse is removed, and whisker follicles dissected. The follicles are then cut longitudinally and subsequently transversely above and below the bulge region. The bulge is removed from the collagen capsule and placed in a culture plate. EPI-NCSC start to emigrate from the bulge explants 3 to 4 days later.

Mouse Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell EPI-NCSC Cultures

Here we show our method to isolate mouse epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSC). Technique involves micro-dissecting whisker follicles, isolating the bulge and placeing it into tissue culture. EPI-NCSC start to emigrate from bulge explants onto the substratum within 3 - 4 days.

小鼠表皮神经嵴干细胞（EPI的非公务员合约雇员）文化

EPI-NCSC are remnants of the embryonic neural crest in an adult location, the bulge of hair follicles. They are multipotent stem cells that have the ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are characterized by two fundamental properties: self-renewal and multipotency that allows a stem cell to differentiate into virtually any cell type 1. The progression stem cell to differentiated cell is characterized by loss of multipotency, structural and morphological changes and the hierarchic activity of transcription factors and signaling molecules, whose activities establish and maintain cell-type specific gene expression patterns. At the molecular level, cell differentiation involves dynamic changes of the structure and composition of chromatin and the detection of those dynamic changes can provide valuable insights into the functional features of stem cells and the cell differentiation process 2,3. Chromatin is a highly compacted DNA-protein complex that forms when cells package chromosomal DNA with proteins, mainly histones 4. Stemcellness and cell differentiation has been correlated with the presence of specific arrays of regulatory proteins such as epigenetic factors, histone variants, and transcription factors 2,3,5.
 Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) provides a valuable method to monitor the presence of RNA, proteins, and protein modifications in chromatin 6,7. The comparison of chromatin from different cell types can elucidate dynamic changes in protein-chromatin associations that occur during cell differentiation.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation involves the purification of in vivo cross-linked chromatin. The isolated chromatin is reduced to smaller fragments by enzymatic digestion or mechanical force. Chromatin fragments are precipitated using specific antibodies to target proteins or protein and DNA modifications. The precipitated DNA or RNA is purified and used as a template for PCR or DNA microarray based assays. Prerequisites for a successful ChIP are high quality antibodies to the desired antigen and the availability of chromatin from control cells that do not express the target molecule. ChIP can correlate the presence of proteins, protein and RNA modifications, and RNA with specific target DNA, and depending on the choice of outread tool, detects the association of target molecules at specific target genes or in the context of an entire genome. The comparison of the distribution of proteins in the chromatin of differentiating cells can elucidate the dynamic changes of chromatin composition that coincide with the progression of cells along a cell lineage.

The differentiation of ESC coincides with cell-type specific changes in the structure and composition of chromatin. The detection of those changes provides valuable insights into the mechanisms that define stemcellness and cell differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) represents a valuable method to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation.

从人类胚胎干细胞的染色质免疫沉淀

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are ...

Freezing and Thawing Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

人类胚胎干细胞冷冻和解冻

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells ...

Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursors

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant interest in deriving a pure population of lineage-committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for transplantation. OPCs are characterized by the activity of the transcription factor Olig2 and surface expression of a proteoglycan NG2. Using the GFP-Olig2 (G-Olig2) mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) reporter line, we optimized conditions for the differentiation of mESCs into GFP+Olig2+NG2+ OPCs. In our protocol, we first describe the generation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from mESCs. Second, we describe treatment of mESC-derived EBs with small molecules: (1) retinoic acid (RA) and (2) a sonic hedgehog (Shh) agonist purmorphamine (Pur) under defined culture conditions to direct EB differentiation into the oligodendroglial lineage. By this approach, OPCs can be obtained with high efficiency (&gt;80%) in a time period of 30 days. Cells derived from mESCs in this protocol are phenotypically similar to OPCs derived from primary tissue culture. The mESC-derived OPCs do not show the spiking property described for a subpopulation of brain OPCs in situ. To study this electrophysiological property, we describe the generation of spiking mESC-derived OPCs by ectopically expressing NaV1.2 subunit. The spiking and nonspiking cells obtained from this protocol will help advance functional studies on the two subpopulations of OPCs.

We describe a small molecule-based protocol for differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). This protocol generates Olig2+NG2+ OPCs with high efficiency by 30 days of differentiation. We also describe a method to generate "spiking" OPCs that can fire action potentials.

胚胎干细胞分化成少突胶质前体

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant ...