The authors acknowledge the following entities at the Ohio State University: Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR) Program, Health System Administration, Critical Care Nursing, and the Faculty Associates Program through the Women&#8217;s Place, for their critical institutional and financial contributions to this project.

伦理审查委员会的批准从美国俄亥俄州立大学获得了这项研究，并所有参与者签署知情同意书。 1.表征高应力工作环境<ol><li>满足与高应力环境彼此分开的管理者和员工的员工以表征对工作环境的个人应力的影响。评估的性质不同的角度和压力所经历的人才来源。问管理人员和工作人员对员工的原因和方式的想法给定环境中的调节压力。 </li><li>利用有关工作人员的满意度，病假数据，就业数据营业额等性质，确定人员的压力级别的所有预先存在的质量改善的数据。 </li></ol> 2.确定合适的地点/时间/利息MIM <ol><li>沟通的研究背景正念和意图获得必要的工作人员参加保险的制度支持。 </li><li>在员工会议人员目前的研究结果强调评估，确定时间/地点，将用于MIM最好的工作是最平稳的工作流程。 </li></ol> 3.获取的MIM体制支持<ol><li>与行政人员的工作分配资金用于工作人员出席覆盖MIM。确定方法为员工经理招揽和安排工作人员覆盖参与者。 Reserve位置为现场MIM。 </li><li>取得书面同意，感兴趣的员工，使他们充分认识到研究，致力于参与干预和理解，他们可以随时退出，以任何理由。 </li><li>作出决定，这将是对特定员工临床显著的结果。 注：例如，ICU人员的员工表现出渴望成为尽管日常压力的更有弹性，他们的脸我ñ他们的日常工作​​，并继续从事其重要的工作。 </li></ol> 4.基线评估 - 1周前干预<ol><li>使用10项版本的康纳-戴维森弹性量表（CD-RISC）41 1周干预前建立一个基线测量应变能力。 <ol><li>要求学员从0率每10语句 - 4（不是真的，真几乎所有的时间），表明多久声明适用于他们。 </li><li>通过从每个10语句总结成绩相符的总比分。 注：韧性相当于保持面部的压力或创伤的良好运行的能力。该10项版本的CD-RISC的已被证实具有良好的可靠性（0.85 Alpha值）和有效性，以区分个人从那些谁不逆境42后运作良好。 </li></ol></li><li>使用9项工作乌德勒支衡量Engageme参与工作NT量表（UWES）干预前的43 1周建立一个基线。 <ol><li>要求学员从0率各9报表 - 6（永远永远）表示多久声明适用于他们。 </li><li>理货总分，还有3次得分活力，奉献和吸收。 注：得分越高表明较高的工作投入。规模的内部一致性证明与0.92的总分，0.86活力，0.86奉献信度的α和0.79吸收分量表43。 </li></ol></li></ol> 5. MIM 8周计划的每1小时的每周会议期间遵循相同的格式。 <ol><li>通过要求参加者把他们的右手放在自己的胸部和计数仅作为定时由导师吸入30秒来算他们的呼吸开始每个会话。要求每个参与者记录他们的呼吸次数上提供的日志。 </LI&gt; <li>发挥在后台轻松的音乐设置为气候MIM。 </li><li>国家的说教/体验会的目的是鼓励明确定义的项目目标：建立弹性和减轻压力，通过压力反应的习惯模式觉知意识。 </li><li>每个星期，接下来的一个小时期间提供沉思提示，确保与会代表，响应提示是个人和沉默。邀请参与者选择共享响应，没有任何压力，言语表达个人的想法。根据提示直接关系到每个每周主题。请参与者反思以下提示： <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" fo:keep-together.within-page="always" style="width:600px"><tbody><tr><td fo:width="1in" style="width:40px">周</td><td fo:width="5in">提示</td></tr><tr><td> 1 </td><td>什么身体或心理上的习惯没有你CATCH在自己的最后一个星期在做什么？ </td></tr><tr><td> 2 </td><td>有什么想法或忧虑让你彻夜难眠？想到了什么，如果你可以把它从你的头脑，将让你睡得更好？ </td></tr><tr><td> 3 </td><td>有什么共同点或不同你在你的自我形象与看别人怎么看等你？什么样的形象自我让你更轻松的呼吸，更深？ </td></tr><tr><td> 4 </td><td>形容最轻松，令人满意的饭菜，你可以记住。是什么因素使得它如此过瘾？ </td></tr><tr><td>五</td><td>是否有任何因素可以找出是在时间在你的生命存在，当你感到平衡？ </td></tr><tr><td> 6 </td><td>你怎么发现你判断的经验之间的共同点“喜羊羊？”怎么样的经验，你的判断为“不愉快？” </td></tr><tr><td> 7 </td><td>是“东西/人/情形“，即让你不快乐不可改变？如果是这样，你怎么可能能够改变你的反应，或这方面的经验“的东西/人/情况？” </td></tr><tr><td> 8 </td><td>描述一个在工作时间，你觉得接地并授权。 </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li>兑现主题的15分钟简报，包括压力和工作压力，关系到正念理论材质，体心/体连接，放松，瑜伽，冥想，自我意识，以及与情绪反应身体的线索和的关系这些主题的具体工作压力。 </li><li>下面的提示，导致通过关于每周提示一记全身放松的参与者： <ol><li>第1周：在讨论什么样的生活类型的通讯/关系型模式的参与者注意到了，怎么也有身体的模式，其中的人往往不知道。请参与者跨越他们的手臂在自己的胸部，然后，越过他们的武器以相反的方式，并注意这是否感觉不舒服，或不寻常的，因为它比它们的典型习惯它的手臂通常是在顶部不同。请参与者来放松自己的脚，自己的腿，砸自己的体重到椅子上，双肩放松下来，放松脸部肌肉。正念放松自己的身体的所有肌肉。 </li><li>第2周：请参与者融入他们的椅子。指导参与者闭上眼睛，开始全身扫描，从而拉紧和放松身体的每一部分。请参与者注意携带自己的脚，腿，臀部，腹部，胸部，肩膀，嘴唇，打开和关闭的下颚，放松它。 </li><li>第3周：请参与者通过集中胸部的起伏成为意识到自己的呼吸。对于短短几分钟，让头脑喋喋不休变得安静。指示参与者紧张的身体的各部分（下部身体，躯干，颈部和肩部，头部），然后释放紧张，因为每个身体部位放松。 </li><li>第四周：传递出橙色和一小块黑巧克力。指导参与者吃这两个与所有五个幡然醒悟的。例如，确保参加听到橘皮脱落橙色，包装过的巧克力。指示受试者品尝每种2食品项目，闻每橙色和巧克力，注意到的差异，并以通知巧克力的表面，而不是到橙色的表面上。指示参与者采取3分钟就在沉默中吃这些食物2项，注意到的经验，以及潜在的增强享受美食，参与用心饮食。 </li><li>第五周：通过瑜伽铅参与者带来合适的工地，可以不用换衣服或起飞一个人的鞋子38（平衡来进行姿势，如树的姿势，姿态老鹰和椅子姿势）。请参与者注意，是有利于身体平衡自己的身体在这些姿势的因素。 </li><li>第6周：通过自我按摩引导学员从应力断裂愉快的一个例子。指导参与者使用所有十个指尖开始按摩他们的头部和头皮，向下移动的脖子后面。使用左手按摩右侧颈部，倒上臂，到肘关节，在手和手指的手掌结束。重复使用右手来按摩身体的左侧。 </li><li>第7周：请参与者带来介意存在于生活紧张的项目清单。指导学员站起来。从站立位置，要求参与者它们的重量转移到右脚以表示不能改变的因素（ 例如，人，情况等 ）在他们的生活，而翻倒其躯干到左边表示的因素有压力但有部分易于进行改变。请参与者认识到，我们都同时存在于我们的生活中不变的和修改的功能。然后要求参与者的旋转圈中肩膀，接着手臂和手移动在圈子里，通过晃动了手结束和参与者回到坐姿。 </li><li>第8周：显示为山集团的形象。请参与者想象自己是一个坚实的山，在生活周围的山盘旋而山仍保持所有的情况。试想一下身体作为一个不可移动的山。 </li></ol></li><li>通过询问每个参与者来算自己的呼吸，持续30秒，并提供在日志中记录一次的，会议结束时，他们的个人呼吸计数结束每个会话。如下分配作业下周。 <ol><li>第1周：请参与者的每一天显示的习惯，注意 - 智力，体力，反应性，互动性。指导他们听的CD已经放宽音乐在背景中，以加强每天放松20分钟本周至少5天的习惯。 </li><li>请参与者注意到想到什么就醒在夜间或无法入睡。指导他们听的CD已经轻松的音乐中，鼓励了一天，本周20分钟至少5天睡着的背景。 </li><li>第3周：请参与者注意呼吸模式在本周与情感状态的相关性，以及如何以不同的呼吸可以改​​变情绪反应的局面。指导他们听的CD已经轻松的音乐中，从而加强了实践小组会议，对于一个一天，这个星期20分钟，至少5天膈肌呼吸练习的背景。 </li><li>第四周：请参与者注意的地方，什么时候，与谁餐吃，并用从吃的食物在一个特定的设置（例如在车上与一个衍生享受相关7; S饭厅）。指导他们在一天只吃一顿饭实践用心饮食至少5天，本周加强，可以从吃正念得出的乐趣。 </li><li>第五周：请参与者注意每天平衡时的感觉是不同的情况或引起人。指导他们听一张CD已放​​宽的背景音乐，这包括平衡瑜伽姿势包括每天20分钟，至少5天这个星期。 </li><li>第6周：请参与者注意愉快和每天发生的不舒服的感觉，什么人或这些经验可以与相关。指导他们听的CD已经轻松的音乐中，鼓励愉快的经验，每天这个星期20分钟，至少5天的背景。 </li><li> 7周：请参与者注意哪些情况下可能具有可以改变，使整个局面本身压力较小的元素。指导他们听，有R A CDelaxing音乐在于鼓励灵活性，以加强为每天本周20分钟，至少5天呈现在所述组会话的内容的背景。 </li><li>第8周：请参与者注意在工作中（挫折，成功），这些媲美路过，不会移动固山（参与者）的条件的情况。指导他们听的CD已经轻松的音乐在鼓励接地停留了一天，本周20分钟至少5天的背景。 </li></ol></li></ol> 6.评价MIM交付现场<ol><li>上届会议后一周，要求参与者评估每周会议的各个部件。此外，要求他们填写一份干预后调查，以衡量应变能力和参与（见步骤4.2和4.3）。 </li><li>通过绘制分数的气息c表示一周会话使用电子表格程序评估在呼吸差异获得的结果&#39;mount开头（所有参与者的平均水平），每一周会话平均气息计数结束。 </li><li>以类似的方式，使用电子表格程序，评估的弹性，并为每个组工作卡合分数（总的和分量表得分）。评估在每个研究臂基线和2月份值之间的变化（MIM及组随机分配到等候）使用配对t检验，考虑P &lt;0.05为显著。 </li></ol>

Subsequent to the completion of this research conducted at the Ohio State University, Dr. Klatt has served as a consultant to Mindful Management, LLC, to whom The Ohio State University has licensed the rights of the individual practice CD/DVD, and all other authors have nothing to disclose.

为发展MIM协议的理由是提供一个务实的现场MBI引进正念到工作的成年人，一个长期的高应力工作环境，谁可能没有时间，也没有兴趣的范围内，要注册一个正念过程之外工作时间，但它从提供的资源能够显著受益。正念的研究一直证实，正念可以提供对情绪调节和20目前剩余，而不是担心过去，或思考未来4的值的贡献。对于人才，在高压力的环境，同时要求高对细节的关注，和极端的心态存在变化的情况（如重症监护病房病人的健康状况）的工作，情绪调节和弹性的资源显得至关重要。但是很少有实证研究探讨提供正念干预的好处在工作​​场所。 然而职场交付，如果机构的支持，可以囊括，为谨慎起见典型的成人花费在工作上增加大量的时间。为实现干预双方的成本，并提供给员工参加干预的覆盖时间的制度支持，是该协议的成功至关重要。参与者需要感觉受到组织的支持，并提供机会让员工参加，在他们的工作压力减少干预，以实现这一目标的方法之一。另一个关键特点是获得高质量的数据前后干预，以证明组织的投资是值得的。随后呈现这些数据决策者将确保组织的各种其他单位内干预的持续成功。 因为它们显示了雇员的interventio修改，以MIM容易地是至关重要的N个地址其特定的压力和关注，应用到其独特的环境压力。从传统的2.5缩短了每周例会的长度 - 3小时MBSR周例会，以1小时换班，是一个开创性的修改对ICU人员这一特定人群。干预前发生的，以适应选择每周一小时组会议的时间/地点之前，潜在参与者的最大数量作出了努力。最近的研究，审查了护士的实证研究正念干预，指出，13个研究包括，只有2项研究进行了修改，在干预长度方面，而且大多数正念干预迄今遵循传统格式MBSR和持续时间25。这提供了动机细节的现场MBI，证明有效地提高抗灾能力和工作的参与，特别是Vigor在一个人的工作，让其他职业和工作场所能适应它自己的需求。 此协议，在工地交付现场的一个局限是机构支持的绝对必要的。如果没有被支付更换护理人员涵盖参与干预的时刻，研究参与者将不得不出席自己的家庭/个人时间，减轻这个意义上讲，该组织致力于员工的健康和福利。另一个限制是一个便利会议室需要可用于干预发生。 本文所描述的协议是高度适应其他环境。本研究成功地示出的紧急情况下，轮班工作，人员覆盖，空间的限制，而这种环境的许多机构规定特性的独特的限制的范围内的可行性和实施MIM的有效性。具体讲与评价在被证明是在协议的关键一步，因为参加者欣赏学习具体的工具打断共同习惯性反应压力的ICU，透露了ICU人员MIM中。信息收集的压力评估阶段使这种情况发生。关于如何培养应对这些压力的适应性更强的教学方式变得具体MIM的教学部分的关键部分。在开始和每一周会话的末尾进行的呼吸计数使参加的方式来量化其应力水平的物理指标，因为它们变得越来越意识到，呼吸速率均为反射应力水平的，并可以作为一个途径，可以是用来平息一个自。机构支持播放整个开发和实施现场MBI的关键作用，随着时间的释放和足够的覆盖范围是一个必要的功能的ICU人员到场，每周小组会议。每个功能所描述的MIM协议是一次重要的，但灵活，能够满足其他慢性高强调工作环境的需求。 利用MIM额外的调查研究，以及适当的工作场所等市场手段的发展将有助于进一步政策变化使正念程序进行常规交付25。迄今正念的规模最大的研究在工作场所13相比MBI，交付在网上和人。该控制条件包括治疗瑜伽基和还一组不接受任何干预。 239名员工那名参与者身心的干预显示出他们的心理压力显著更大的改善，他们的睡眠质量，和心脏心率变异。这些重要的发现，因为它表明大脑/身体干预帮助员工更加灵活地其应激反应。有雇用无差异EE成果对于那些谁参加面对面或在线13。一些工作环境，具有唯一约束，（尤其是轮班工作），可能是最适合的在线交付模式，以适应波动的工作日程。因此，介入长度和MBI输送的位置是至关重要的因素要考虑对特定的工作环境，以及递送的方法， 例如，在人与在线交付。务实MBI的发展，证明有效的高压力，低控制环境，如ICU，可以有效地在需要的人员，显示高度关注细节，如消防员，警察或其他人员高应力工作环境交付。实施务实的协议，其中包括一个全面的心/体做法，认为适当的修改为特定的环境（干预长度/位置）允许来自员工的参与，可能永远不会选择参与的意义较长，不太方便应力减少干预。此外，增加的人员在高压力环境中，不仅工作人口弹性和工作的参与，特别是提高活力个人的生命，但潜在的生命，他们通过他们的工作触摸。

基于正念减少应力（MBSR）1-3是一种减轻压力的干预可以用来重新训练头脑来改变其一贯的应对压力的情况下。它有大量的研究为基础的证据，其在各种医疗，社会，教育，文化，和工作站点设置4-6功效。 MBSR教导外部事件之一的情感反应的非反应性的认识，并表示为关键改变应力之一的内部的经验。正念的特点是身体感觉，知觉，情感状态，思想和图像的非判断，持续的时刻到时刻意识。 MBSR是一个耗时的结构性身心方案（传统8周，26小时密集组程序），利用冥想和瑜伽姿势，以帮助管理各种不良的健康问题，包括压力。有35年实证研究说明健康这种有价值的方法的好处。然而，传统的MBSR所需时间可能承担不利其适用性人员在长期的高压力的工作环境中工作谁可能没有时间和精力来解决工作时间以外他们的压力，但谁可以大大利用它提供的好处影响。 长期的高压力的工作环境的有害影响进行了研究，但7-8的干预调解这种压力已经比较近9-13应力对个人体质和心理健康的影响已变得更加明确建立14-15。长期的高压力的工作环境的影响还扩展到了不得不承担处理员工缺勤率和高周转的专家人才，如训练有素的护士16的成本的机构。在干预组织（包括正念干预）的水平已经有效的减少应力人员在不同的工作环境，如消防员，警察和狱警17-19。但是，现状和对特别护士的情况严重程度已经获得众多随着近几年20-28所示护理压力的专题出版物的数量。不过，也有务实正念为基础的干预（市场手段）很少报道已在工作日，在现场成功实施，作为一种制度计划的一部分，以对抗压力和企图改变组织文化的影响。 正念已经发现作为一种干预，增加关注29-30，并已与改变大脑结构和功能相关的有用。例如变化灰质脑密度31影响认知，而变化在杏仁核32冲击情绪反应。这也许可以解释索姆电子商务与减少压力工地干预，教非反应性在谁慢性高应力的工作环境中工作的人员相关的正面效益。此外，市场手段可能影响副交感神经系统的色调，作为免疫，植物神经，和内分泌系统，都在应力反应33的作用，并且也已经显示，以减少焦虑34。这些成果（尤其是提高能力参加，提高副交感神经张力）是用于人员被预计将提供人文关怀的那些人他们服务，而同时被高度关注的医疗需求和变化高应力的工作环境中工作的宝贵。虽然谁发起自己的个人减少应力策略的个体可能能够减轻应力17的其个人经验，系统组织的方法是更有效的。工作场所的干预可以产生积极的影响压力症状（喜GH血压是一个例子），并表现出变化的应力35，和心理症状简单地引入应力减少编程可能会转移组织气候，这已被证明是一个重要的因素是ICU护士打算保留或离开他们的工作36 。 在高强度的作业成交主要问题为雇主，包括护理营业额，由于成本高，该机构16。虽然有变化，研究了如何计算护士离职的成本，估计的范围大约在$ 10,000-88,000元的护士，这表明护士离职是一个问题，和昂贵的医疗保健机构16。除此之外，研究表明，患者的满意是不太医院更不满意的护士，这一发现可能表明一个压力，不满的员工可能会影响病人护理37。 MIM是offereð作为修饰，更短的时间密集型的方法来传递在工作场所，并打算让忙于工作的成年人体验正念的好处。 MIM教导觉知意识的原则，排练正念作为一个群体，强调使用温和的瑜伽伸展，利用独特的轻松的音乐小组会议/个人实践的背景，并要求个人日常实践正念。每周会议的内容和结构按照传统的MBSR与更加强调身体的放松与认知习惯意识铭记在讨论之前的柔和的背景音乐。参与者收到三次日常实践的CD（用20分钟实践轨道）和一个瑜伽的DVD与背景音乐和类似冥想作为将要用于个人实践的那些实施为一组，。这些工具实现方便日常实践中，提高其可行性。此协议的开发是基于PREVI该建议正念干预效果不随时间的长度相关联的OU研究花费在组教学实践30,38-39，并产生类似的结果，以较长的传统MBSR。外部事件之一的情感反应的非反应性的认识是作为密钥改变应力之一的内部的经验。 MIM是专为在工作场所实现，在工作时间，而不需要更换衣服，并可以做到在一个桌子或站着坐着。 MIM被送到现场，在工作时间暴露于应力人员和谁在开发倦怠的高风险和可以利用的干预，参与并出现在他们的工作。 正念是加强非​​批判的方式自我意识存在的内部和外部经验的心理能力。正念鼓励人们意识到他们是如何反应事件的前夕NTS发生。它允许的集中注意力和认识的空间中，在其中主体变得能够观看他/她的反应的各种事件。通过参加己方反应，在一个非判断方式，一个是能够反映在压力事件的性质，并随后能够评估是否有可能重新定义这个事件，以减少它的感知正在考虑压力1 -4。发生在团队中市场手段利用这些实现，这可能会导致社区建设的参与者之间1,2小组讨论。这样的经历可能是一个有益的工地结果。自我反思和认识，以及新兴的自我意识的共同经验，可能有助于在一个高度强调工作环境气候/文化变革。主教40产生正念的关于一个MBI的作用和基本要素的研究人员的功能定义。两个关键部分被确定为（1）自我调节的关注和（2）通过对在当下40人的经验的方向。 MIM，在这个手稿中描述的现场MBI协议，构建以保持正念的基本要素，因为它的构想，并制定了在传统MBSR 1-2，而以务实的方式适应它工作的成年人。它利用正念的操作性定义，然而，在不同的干预工地的位置，和小组会议和个人的“功课”的建议（ 表1）的每周一次的承诺。 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td>干预长度</td><td>干预地点</td><td>小组会议持续时间</td><td>集团每周会议格式</td><td>每天的功课</td></tr><tr><td> MBSR </td><td> 8周</td><td>通常情况下的位置不是一个工地等</td><td> 2.5 - 3小时/周，再加上一整天“撤退” </td><td>标准MBSR程序，瑜珈运动常常从地板做</td><td> 45分钟 - 1小时正念的</td></tr><tr><td> MIM </td><td> 8周</td><td>一直在现场的位置（工地的工作学习） </td><td> 1小时/周，加上一个2小时的“务虚” </td><td> MBI修改为具体的交付现场，瑜伽运动是在后台完成站着或坐着，听音乐</td><td>通过CD / DVD，音乐背景中20分钟冥想的</td></tr></tbody></table> 表传统MBSR 1.比较相比，MIM。 MIM是一个组织倡议的一部分，以提高员工的灵活性和工作的参与和，因为它采用了“真实世界”的设置来解决遇到的许多机构应对长期高STR的关键问题将尤为重要世界各地的ESS的工作环境。 该MIM协议是由第一作者开发的揭露谁可能受益最多，以正念个人。作为一个训练有素的瑜伽教练（瑜伽联盟认证），并在与会者的MBSR9天培训卫生专业人员，她在这项研究发表MIM，但另外设计了一个火车师培训计划（替他人与以前瑜伽/持戒）为了扩展其交付。在高应力环境（ICU）使用MIM的代表性结果列于这个手稿，同时生物关联到带有MIM关联将很快到来心理效果。这项研究提供了证据为基础的方法进行翻译练习的组织与目标水平，提高工作投入在一个特定人群的潜在应用到员工在其他高应力环境中，如警察，律师，消防员工作等等。

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mindfulness in motion (mim): an onsite mindfulness based intervention (mbi) for chronically high stress work environments to increase resiliency and work engagement

务实的正念干预受益人员长期高压力环境中工作，在工作时间现场交付，是及时和有价值的雇员和雇主的一致好评。正念的运动（MIM）是一个基于正念干预（MBI）提供作为修改的，更短的时间密集的方法（相对于正念基于减轻压力），交付现场，在工作中，并打算让忙于工作的成年人体验的好处正念。它教导觉知意识的原则，排练正念作为一个群体，强调使用温和的瑜伽伸展，并利用轻松的音乐在这两个小组会议和个人正念实践的背景。 MIM递送的一组的格式，1小时/周/ 8周。提供的CD和DVD，以促进个体行医。瑜伽运动强调了协议，以促进心灵的平息。音乐是包括与会者次关联Ë放松的状态在经历了小组会议上与他们的个人练习。要确定干预的可行性/疗效，我们在重症监护病房（ICU）进行了一项随机的等待名单对照组。 ICU中表示高压力的工作环境，让员工体验到长期暴露于灾难性的情况，因为他们照顾重伤/病人。尽管高水平的工作有关的压力，很少干预措施已经制定并现场交付这样的环境。干预交付现场，在重症监护病房，在工作时间，与接受脱产参加会议的参与者。该干预以及97％的保留率接收。干预组，相较于等待名单对照组显著工作投入和弹性增加，而参与者的呼吸率在每周一次的会议6/8显著降低预后。参与者看重机构的支持，轻松的音乐，和教师作为PIVOTAL对计划的成功。这提供的证据表明，MIM是可行的，很好地接受，并且能够以长期高应力工作环境得到有效的执行。

呼吸计数自测参与者（N = 34）在开头和每周每个会话结束。平均的参与者气息计数池透露，在开始和每个每周会议结束之间的呼吸次数减少。个人参与者关联的松弛/清晰度自己的呼吸次数差异的量化的躯体经验;比较呼吸速率每一周会话那些在每个每周会议结束前得到图1显示了30秒的呼吸数减少大多数时间点（6/8每周会议平均值）为统计显著。也有在呼吸在8周程序的开始的平均数量的减少，第1次会议（1周）和最后的会话（8周）之间。 图1示出了参与者的平均会前呼吸速率为8.17呼吸/ 30秒，1周，相比于6.61 / 30秒EC在8周类似的模式被认为在呼吸在会议结束时的平均数量从5.03 / 30秒，1星期3.63 / 30秒，在8周;然而这些没有统计学显著。 这种干预的一个相关目的是，根据慢性高应力在其工作环境中的人员将增加至保持弹性的压力的环境的面的能力。 图2表明，在康纳戴维森韧性量表41中的评分均显著不同前置和后置的MIM 8组周的干预之间（112.9％，P = 0.0230，T = 2.397），在等待名单对照组没有变化（101.7％，P = 0.7330，T = 0.3345），表明这增加了干预弹性。 即致力于这一倡议资助该组织很感兴趣，尽管的岗位职责的性质压力创造一个更有弹性的工作队伍。 &lt;STRONG&gt;图3显示，在ICU工作人员，总的工作投入平均得分通过乌得勒支工作投入量表43所示是显著前和后8周的干预之间的MIM组增加（111.3％，P = 0.0128， T = 2.802）。有没有在等待名单对照组（104.5％，P = 0.1349，T = 1.587）没有变化。大多数变化的诱导增加了活力分量表。该MIM组前，后8周的干预之间的生机平均得分上升（117.9％，P = 0.0331，T = 2.331），与等候列表组没有变化（101.8％，P = 0.5624，T = 0.5934）。奉献和吸收分量表得分均没有任何组显著不同。 鉴于本研究的焦点是开发一种MBI可能务实交付现场，这是重要的，以确定哪些组件的介入部件要紧的参加者。 表2示出的参与者的评价组成部件的MIM的。的规模从1到10（其中1是至少有价值的，并且10是最有价值的），参与者额定MIM的各个方面的有用性。得分最高者为受训教师（M = 8.67±0.71），音乐（M = 8.1±2.2），呼吸意识（M = 7.9±1.3），冥想（M = 7.5±1.5），瑜伽伸展（M = 7.1 ±2.0），用心饮食（M = 6.8±1.7）。这是相一致的在8周的计划由参与者定性意见。第一作者是该研究的教师，但已经开发了一个广泛的列车已成功交付在其他位置的教练计划。参与者看重MIM的证据为基础的性质，并赞赏轻松的音乐演奏中所提供的背景下，务实的做法工具的组合。关于与环境约束的满意度，满意度最高与干预位置是现场（7.8±1.8），每周会话（7.7±1.3），和干预（6.5±2.7）的持续时间，而一周会话的时间具有最低的满意度（4.8±3.4）。这低分证明了令人惊讶的每周会议的时间安排是根据工作人员的建议选择。机构支持的重要性有一个非常高的分数为8.1±1.8，以及病人护理保险的重要性（7.9±1.9）。这是非常重要的ICU人员知道他们的病人得到很好的照顾，而他们参加MIM的。 <img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52359/52359fig1.jpg" /> 图1.参与者呼吸计数/ 30秒前要发表每周MIM会 ​​话 1有反映在该前-后呼气计数的显著差异在周- 3，5 - 6，和8周的MBI干预（34例）。 图2.预交弹性比分为MIM干预组相比，等候列表对照组，MIM组显著在8周的干预中的弹性技能（34）得以改进。 <img alt="图3" src="/files/ftp_upload/52359/52359fig3.jpg" /> 图3.岗前MIM工作敬业度的 MIM组显著改善了他们正在从事的工作在8周MBI干预组（n = 34）的意义。有3个分量表上的乌得勒支工作投入量表：活力，吸收和奉献精神。这三个分量的MIM干预组在他们对自己的工作活力感显著改善，而与比较执着和吸收工作并没有显著不同的8周程序结束基线。 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:350px"><tbody><tr><td fo:width="2in"> MIM程序组件 </td><td fo:width="1in" style="width:100px"> 平均±SD </td></tr><tr><td>全身扫描</td><td> 6.69±1.81 </td></tr><tr><td>瑜伽伸展</td><td> 7.06±2.01 </td></tr><tr><td>呼吸意识</td><td> 7.94±1.34 </td></tr><tr><td>冥想</td><td> 7.53±1.54 </td></tr><tr><td>音乐</td><td> 8.06±2.26 </td></tr><tr><td>用心饮食</td><td> 6.81±1.72 </td></tr><tr><td>教学讲义</td><td> 7.23±1.43 </td></tr><tr><td>光盘</td><td> 8.00±1.06 </td></tr><tr><td> DVD </td><td> 7.92±1.02 </td></tr><tr><td>每周会议</td><td> 7.75±1.29 </td></tr><tr><td>地点</td><td> 7.82±1.84 </td></tr><tr><td>会议时间</td><td> 4.76±3.41 </td></tr><tr><td>持续时间（8周） </td><td> 6.53±2.67 </td></tr><tr><td>受过训练的教练</td><td> 8.67±0.71 </td></tr><tr><td>集团动态</td><td> 7.65±1.45 </td></tr><tr><td>机构支持</td><td> 8.06±1.78 </td></tr><tr><td>病人护理保险</td><td> 7.87±1.92 </td></tr></tbody></table> MIM组件表2.参与者等级评分在1 - 10与规模正在10最看重的（N = 34）。该机构的支持给予了高度的参与，因为这是使他们接受脱产参加MIM重视。其他护士转移支付来在一个小时正常开始时间之前，这样的MBI参与者的患者被照顾的护士经历。这是在打了两个T中的背景音乐他小组会议，并在每个单独的CD音轨为个人的练也很高度评价。与会者强调听力发挥他们的个人实践的背景音乐提醒他们如何轻松的感觉在每个周组会议结束他们。每周会议的现场位置也深受与会者的重视。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engageme

Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

The Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) protocol offers a pragmatic Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) on-site, for persons working in chronically high-stress work environments that significantly increases resiliency and work engagement. The protocol has proven feasible, beneficial, and is easily adaptable to other high-stress workplaces.

正念的运动 （MIM）：一种基于现场干预正念（MBI）用于长期的高压力的工作环境，以增加弹性和工作投入

A pragmatic mindfulness intervention to benefit personnel working in chronically high-stress environments, delivered onsite during the workday, is timely ...

mindfulness-motion-mim-an-onsite-mindfulness-based-intervention-mbi

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Mindfulness in Motion (MIM): An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

23.1K 次观看.  The Ohio State University College of Medicine. The Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) protocol offers a pragmatic Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) on-site, for persons working in chronically high-stress work environments that significantly increases resiliency and work engagement. The protocol has proven feasible, beneficial, and is easily adaptable to other high-stress workplaces.

视频: Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Adolescence is a critical developmental period where the early symptoms of schizophrenia frequently emerge. First-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia who are at familial high risk (FHR) may show similar cognitive and emotional changes. However, the neurological changes underlying the emergence of these symptoms remain unclear. This study sought to identify differences in frontal, striatal, and limbic regions in children and adolescents with FHR using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Groups of 21 children and adolescents at FHR and 21 healthy controls completed an emotional oddball task that relied on selective attention and the suppression of task-irrelevant emotional information. The standard oddball task was modified to include aversive and neutral distractors in order to examine potential group differences in both emotional and executive processing. This task was designed specifically to allow for children and adolescents to complete by keeping the difficulty and emotional image content age-appropriate. Furthermore, we demonstrate a technique for suitable fMRI registration for children and adolescent participants. This paradigm may also be applied in future studies to measure changes in neural activity in other populations with hypothesized developmental changes in executive and emotional processing.

This paper describes how to use the emotional oddball task and fMRI to measure brain activation in children and adolescents at familial high risk for schizophrenia (FHR).&#160;FMRI was used to measure differences in fronto-striato-limbic regions during an emotional oddball task. Children with FHR exhibited abnormal functional activation during adolescence.

的额边缘活度测量在儿童使用情绪穿着或行为古怪的任务与家族性高风险的精神分裂症

Adolescence is a critical developmental period where the early symptoms of schizophrenia frequently emerge. First-degree relatives of people with ...

科研

行为学

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here with the goal of uncovering rhythm disorders, such as beat deafness. Beat deafness is characterized by poor performance in perceiving durations in auditory rhythmic patterns or poor synchronization of movement with auditory rhythms (e.g., with musical beats). These tasks include the synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of simple and complex auditory stimuli and the detection of rhythmic irregularities (anisochrony detection task) embedded in the same stimuli. These tests, which are easy to administer, include an assessment of both perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities under different conditions (e.g., beat rates and types of auditory material) and are based on the same auditory stimuli, ranging from a simple metronome to a complex musical excerpt. The analysis of synchronized tapping data is performed with circular statistics, which provide reliable measures of synchronization accuracy (e.g., the difference between the timing of the taps and the timing of the pacing stimuli) and consistency. Circular statistics on tapping data are particularly well-suited for detecting individual differences in the general population. Synchronized tapping and anisochrony detection are sensitive measures for identifying profiles of rhythm disorders and have been used with success to uncover cases of poor synchronization with spared perceptual timing. This systematic assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing can be extended to populations of patients with brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson&#8217;s disease), and developmental disorders (e.g., Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

Behavioral tasks that allow for the assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) are presented. Synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of an auditory stimuli and detecting rhythmic irregularities provides a means of uncovering rhythm disorders.

揭开节拍耳聋：检测节律紊乱与同步手指敲击和感知定时任务

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective

In a recent theoretical synthesis on the concept of engagement, Fredricks, Blumenfeld and Paris1 defined engagement by its multiple dimensions: behavioral, emotional and cognitive. They observed that individual types of engagement had not been studied in conjunction, and little information was available about interactions or synergy between the dimensions; consequently, more studies would contribute to creating finely tuned teaching interventions. Benefiting from the recent technological advances in neurosciences, this paper presents a recently developed methodology to gather and synchronize data on multidimensional engagement during learning tasks. The technique involves the collection of (a) electroencephalography, (b) electrodermal, (c) eye-tracking, and (d) facial emotion recognition data on four different computers. This led to synchronization issues for data collected from multiple sources. Post synchronization in specialized integration software gives researchers a better understanding of the dynamics between the multiple dimensions of engagement. For curriculum developers, these data could provide informed guidelines for achieving better instruction/learning efficiency. This technique also opens up possibilities in the field of brain-computer interactions, where adaptive learning or assessment environments could be developed.

This paper aims to describe the techniques involved in the collection and synchronization of the multiple dimensions (behavioral, affective and cognitive) of learners&#8217; engagement during a task.

评估参与的多维度来表征学习：神经生理学角度

In a recent theoretical synthesis on the concept of engagement, Fredricks, Blumenfeld and Paris1 defined engagement by its multiple dimensions: ...

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test

In many situations humans are influenced by the behavior of other people and their relationships with them. For example, in stressful situations supportive behavior of other people as well as positive social relationships can act as powerful resources to cope with stress. In order to study the interplay between these variables, this protocol describes two effective experimental manipulations of social relationships and supportive behavior in the laboratory. In the present article, these two manipulations are implemented in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)&#8212;a standard stress induction paradigm in which participants are subjected to a simulated job interview. More precisely, we propose (a) a manipulation of the relationship between different protagonists in the TSST by making a shared social identity salient and (b) a manipulation of the behavior of the TSST-selection committee, which acts either supportively or unsupportively. These two experimental manipulations are designed in a modular fashion and can be applied independently of each other but can also be combined. Moreover, these two manipulations can also be integrated into other stress protocols and into other standardized social interactions such as trust games, negotiation tasks, or other group tasks.

Previous research on the social dimension of stress has focused on two important variables: social identity and social support. This protocol introduces an effective experimental manipulation of these two social variables and describes their implementation in a standard stress induction paradigm (Trier Social Stress Test).

应力的社会问题：社会支持和社会认同的特里尔社会的实验操作压力测试

In many situations humans are influenced by the behavior of other people and their relationships with them. For example, in stressful situations ...

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Chronic, unresolved stress is a major risk factor for the development of clinical depression. While many preclinical models of stress-induced depression have been reported, the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol is an established translationally-relevant model for inducing behavioral symptoms commonly associated with clinical depression, such as anhedonia, altered grooming behavior, and learned helplessness in rodents. The UCMS protocol also induces physiological (e.g., hypercortisolemia, hypertension) and neurological (e.g., anhedonia, learned helplessness) changes that are clinically associated with depression. Importantly, UCMS-induced depressive symptoms can be ameliorated through chronic, but not acute, treatment with common SSRIs. As such, the UCMS protocol offers many advantages over acute stress protocols or protocols that utilize more extreme stressors. Our protocol involves randomized, daily exposures to 7 distinct stressors: damp bedding, removal of bedding, cage tilt, alteration of light/dark cycles, social stresses, shallow water bath, and predator sounds/smells. By subjecting rodents 3-4 hr daily to these mild stressors for 8 weeks, we demonstrate both significant behavioral changes and poor health outcomes to the cardiovascular system. This approach allows for in-depth interrogation of the neurological, behavioral, and physiological alterations associated with chronic stress-induced depression, as well as for testing of new potential therapeutic agents or intervention strategies.

The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol is a validated method for studying behavioral and physiological changes associated with chronic stress and depressive symptoms. Eight weeks of imposition of the UCMS protocol induces behavioral changes and poor health outcomes in rodents of either gender.

煽动抑郁症状，行为变化和不利健康结果鼠害一个不可预知的慢性轻度应激协议

Chronic, unresolved stress is a major risk factor for the development of clinical depression. While many preclinical models of stress-induced depression ...

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

The paradigm detailed in this manuscript describes an applied experimental method based on real police investigations during which an eyewitness or victim to a crime may create from memory a holistic facial composite of the culprit with the assistance of a police operator. The aim is that the composite is recognized by someone who believes that they know the culprit. For this paradigm, participants view a culprit actor on video and following a delay, participant-witnesses construct a holistic system facial composite. Controls do not construct a composite. From a series of arrays of computer-generated, but realistic faces, the holistic system construction method primarily requires participant-witnesses to select the facial images most closely meeting their memory of the culprit. Variation between faces in successive arrays is reduced until ideally the final image possesses a close likeness to the culprit. Participant-witness directed tools can also alter facial features, configurations between features and holistic properties (e.g., age, distinctiveness, skin tone), all within a whole face context. The procedure is designed to closely match the holistic manner by which humans&#8217; process faces. On completion, based on their memory of the culprit, ratings of composite-culprit similarity are collected from the participant-witnesses. Similar ratings are collected from culprit-acquaintance assessors, as a marker of composite recognition likelihood. Following a further delay, all participants &#8212; including the controls&#160;&#8212; attempt to identify the culprit in either a culprit-present or culprit-absent video line-up, to replicate circumstances in which the police have located the correct culprit, or an innocent suspect. Data of control and participant-witness line-up outcomes are presented, demonstrating the positive influence of holistic composite construction on identification accuracy. Correlational analyses are conducted to measure the relationship between assessor and participant-witness composite-culprit similarity ratings, delay, identification accuracy, and confidence to examine which factors influence video line-up outcomes.

This applied experimental paradigm replicates circumstances by which an eyewitness to a real crime may create a holistic facial composite of the culprit from memory, and then attempt to identify the culprit from a video line-up containing the culprit or one in which he or she is not present.

整体面部复合创作以后的视频阵容目击者识别范式

The paradigm detailed in this manuscript describes an applied experimental method based on real police investigations during which an eyewitness or victim ...

Visualizing Motion Patterns in Acupuncture Manipulation

Acupuncture manipulation varies widely among practitioners in clinical settings, and it is difficult to teach novice students how to perform acupuncture manipulation techniques skillfully. The Acupuncture Manipulation Education System (AMES) is an open source software system designed to enhance acupuncture manipulation skills using visual feedback. Using a phantom acupoint and motion sensor, our method for acupuncture manipulation training provides visual feedback regarding the actual movement of the student's acupuncture manipulation in addition to the optimal or intended movement, regardless of whether the manipulation skill is lifting, thrusting, or rotating. Our results show that students could enhance their manipulation skills by training using this method. This video shows the process of manufacturing phantom acupoints and discusses several issues that may require the attention of individuals interested in creating phantom acupoints or operating this system.

Here, we present a protocol for using the Acupuncture Manipulation Education System (AMES) in the training of acupuncture manipulation skills using phantom acupoints.

可视化的运动模式在针刺手法

Acupuncture manipulation varies widely among practitioners in clinical settings, and it is difficult to teach novice students how to perform acupuncture ...

Wheel Running and Environmental Complexity as a Therapeutic Intervention in an Animal Model of FASD

Aerobic exercise (e.g., wheel running (WR) extensively used in animal research) positively impacts many measures of neuroplastic potential in the brain, such as rates of adult neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and expression of neurotrophic factors in rodents. This intervention has also been shown to mitigate behavioral and neuroanatomical aspects of the negative impacts of teratogens (i.e., developmental exposure to alcohol) and age-related neurodegeneration in rodents. Environmental complexity (EC) has been shown to produce numerous neuroplastic benefits in cortical and subcortical structures and can be coupled with wheel running to increase the proliferation and survival of new cells in the adult hippocampus. The combination of these two interventions provides a robust &#34;superintervention&#34; (WR-EC) that can be implemented in a range of rodent models of neurological disorders. We will discuss the implementation of WR/EC and its constituent interventions for use as a more powerful therapeutic intervention in rats using the animal model of prenatal exposure to alcohol in humans. We will also discuss which elements of the procedures are absolutely necessary for the interventions and which ones may be altered depending on the experimenter&#39;s question or facilities.

Cardiovascular exercise and stimulating experiences in a complex environment have positive benefits on multiple measures of neuroplasticity within the rodent brain. This article will discuss the implementation of these interventions as a &#34;superintervention&#34; which combines wheel running and environmental complexity and will address the limitations of these interventions.

车轮运行环境的复杂性在胎儿酒精中毒综合症的动物模型干预治疗

Aerobic exercise (e.g., wheel running (WR) extensively used in animal research) positively impacts many measures of neuroplastic potential in the brain, ...

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

In both the East and West, traditional teachings say that the mind and heart are somehow closely correlated, especially during spiritual practice. One difficulty in proving this objectively is that the natures of brain and heart activities are quite different. In this paper, we propose a methodology that uses wavelet entropy to measure the chaotic levels of both electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) data and show how this may be used to explore the potential coordination between the mind and heart under different experimental conditions. Furthermore, Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was used to identify the brain regions in which the EEG wavelet entropy was the most affected by the experimental conditions. As an illustration, the EEG and ECG were recorded under two different conditions (normal rest and mindful breathing) at the beginning of an 8-week standard Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) training course (pretest) and after the course (posttest). Using the proposed method, the results consistently showed that the wavelet entropy of the brain EEG decreased during the MBSR mindful breathing state as compared to that during the closed-eye resting state. Similarly, a lower wavelet entropy of heartrate was found during MBSR mindful breathing. However, no difference in wavelet entropy during MBSR mindful breathing was found between the pretest and posttest. No correlation was observed between the entropy of brain waves and the entropy of heartrate during normal rest in all participants, whereas a significant correlation was observed during MBSR mindful breathing. Additionally, the most well-correlated brain regions were located in the central areas of the brain. This study provides a methodology for the establishment of evidence that mindfulness practice (i.e., mindful breathing) may increase the coordination between mind and heart activities.

This manuscript describes how to use the wavelet entropy index to analyze high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) data. We show that the irregularity of cerebral and cardiac activities became more coordinated during mindfulness-based stress reduction practice.

使用小波熵来证明正念练习如何增加不规则脑与心脏活动之间的协调

In both the East and West, traditional teachings say that the mind and heart are somehow closely correlated, especially during spiritual practice. One ...

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in  Free Moving Rodents

Many neurological and psychiatric patients demonstrate difficulties and/or deficits in decision making. Rodent models are helpful to produce a deeper understanding of the neurobiological causes underlying the decision-making problems. A cost-benefit based T-maze task is used for measuring decision making in which rodents choose between a high reward arm (HRA) and a low reward arm (LRA). There are two paradigms of the T-maze decision-making task, one in which the cost is a time delay and the other in which it is physical effort. Both paradigms require a tedious and labor-intensive management of experimental animals, multiple doors, pellet reward, and arm choice recordings. In the current work, we invented an apparatus based on traditional T-maze with full automation for pellet delivery, door management and choice recordings. This automated setup can be used for the evaluation of both delay- and effort-based decision making in rodents. With the protocol described here, our lab investigated the decision-making phenotypes of multiple genetically modified mice. In the representative data, we showed that the mice with ablated medial habenular showed aversions of both delay and effort and tended to choose the immediate and effortless reward. This protocol helps to decrease the variability caused by experimenter intervention and to enhance experiment efficiency. In addition, chronic silicon probe or microelectrode recording, fiber-optic imaging and/or manipulation of neural activity can be easily applied during the decision-making task using the setup described here.

This article introduces an automated T-maze apparatus that we invented, and a protocol based on this apparatus for analyzing delay-based decision making and effort-based decision making in free moving rodents.

基于自动 T 迷宫的自由移动啮齿动物延迟和努力决策分析装置及协议

Many neurological and psychiatric patients demonstrate difficulties and/or deficits in decision making. Rodent models are helpful to produce a deeper ...

正念的运动 （MIM）：一种基于现场干预正念（MBI）用于长期的高压力的工作环境，以增加弹性和工作投入

正念的运动（MIM）：一种基于现场干预正念（MBI）用于长期的高压力的工作环境，以增加弹性和工作投入