这项工作是通过TL1TR001069奖Borstad博士俄勒冈州立大学的CCTS计划的部分资助。我们要感谢阿梅利亚·西莱斯，百白破，NCS为她宝贵的测量见解和萨拉·亚历山大为她与编辑这篇稿子的最后草案援助。

1.设计和视觉画面和急速的制造（请参阅"表材料"的所有必需的设备和材料）: <ol><li>组装的视觉屏幕（ 图1）: <ol><li>切成四片0.5英寸的PVC管（材料a）至10英寸（这些形成屏幕的碱）。切成三块0.5英寸PVC管到20英寸（这些形成屏幕的直立部）。 </li><li>将两块10英寸的管道到两个PVC T恤的（并行口）（材料B）。插入两块20英寸的管道进入每个的聚氯乙烯三通的（垂直于10英寸件）剩余的孔。插入聚氯乙烯弯头（材料c）关于每个20英寸管的开口端。 </li><li>插入第三个20英寸PVC管的每个端部到每个开口的PVC肘部。千万不要粘上PVC接头是否可视画面更容易折叠/存储需要。胶PVC接头一个永久性的视觉画面，如果需要的话。斗篷枕头套（本草LD）在顶管。安全与长尾夹（材料e）或安全别针。 </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/53178/53178fig1.jpg" /> 图1:设置了急速的参与者应在一张桌子坐下。参加者与测试对象之间的视觉屏幕。一个试验的对象从检测试剂盒取出，并提供给参与者按以下顺序:测试对象，再分别在三个可能的匹配，在附录1所示的顺序:行政指令和评分表<a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53178/53178fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击这里查看该图的放大版本。</a> <ol start="2"><li>组装的急速测试试剂盒（包括9测试对象，重复组9样品的对象，和3的例子中的物体）（图2） <ol><li>切21片1.5英寸直径的PVC管（材质六）为4英寸的长度。切软木（材料G）为21条，每4×7英寸。相互叠加软木PVC上，以确保接缝或管道的两端没有重叠。 </li><li>修剪多余的软木刷新到边缘。大衣各21个管（一个接一个）的所有目的水泥（材料H）的，敷用软木塞。 </li><li>测量和切割6 4×7英寸件自粘合体（材料i）和6 4×7英寸件的牛皮纸（材料j）条。修剪多余的。包裹六件与自粘层合体。 </li><li>大衣六件与所有的目的水泥包装用牛皮纸包装。外套一件与所有用途的水泥，敷用砂纸（材料K）。大衣两件与所有用途的水泥，敷有光泽卡片纸（材料1）。 </li><li>测量并制定出八片粘土（材料M），每次称重2.2盎司。测量并制定出六块黏土，每块重3.2盎司。测量并制定出七块粘土，每块重4.2盎司。 </li><li>模二2。2盎司，3.2盎司和4.2盎司件粘土成固体块以填充管的直径。将每到管道盖用牛皮纸包裹的中心。与覆盖着软木和自粘层压管重复步骤。 </li><li>模制两种2.2盎司件粘土成固体块以填充管的直径。将一进一出管覆盖光滑的卡片和一个进入管道覆盖砂纸的中心。 </li><li>模具1 4.2盎司一块粘土成固体块以填充管的直径。插入到管道覆盖光泽卡片的中心。 </li><li>每根管填充与闭孔泡沫包装（材料n）的能力。称量组件，以确保重提高到0.1盎司。 </li><li>大衣各端盖（材料O）的所有用途的水泥，坚决插入到每根管的两端。 </li><li>标记每个对象与重量（在底部）和数（顶部），为是可见的检验。 </li><li>覆盖工商业污水附加费吨对象1T，2T和3T软木塞，然后牛皮纸，并称重到6，7，和8盎司，分别。遮盖试验对象4T，5T，6T和只，体重为6，7和8盎司，分别。遮盖试验对象7T，8T，9T和软木，然后自粘层压体，并称重到6，7，和8盎司，分别。 </li><li>标签样本对象1-9（测试对象的精确副本）。 </li><li>标签的三个示例对象A，B和C盖例如对象A和B有光泽卡片纸（重达6和8盎司，分别）。盖砂纸例如对象C（重达6盎司）。 （实施例的对象未在图2中示出 ）。 </li><li>疼痛和运输所有测试项目均在一个塑料储物箱（材料P）。 </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="图2" src="/files/ftp_upload/53178/53178fig2.jpg" /> 图2:在急速测试的组织对象的测试对象是有序的1-9和标有"T"。 n个INE样品对象，参与者匹配的测试对象（重量）或纹理，也编号1-9和有序的，如图所示。 2.管理匆忙: <ol><li>在标准高度表（〜29英寸）和椅座参与者（〜18英寸）。调整高度，使参与者可以休息和移动测试手臂舒适地放在桌上。将测试臂下一个可视屏幕， 如图3中，为了防止从参与者看到试验臂，对象，或检查者。 注:第一次测试中受损较少上肢，如果被测试的参与者都有一个越障上肢。 </li><li>指导学员掌握和提升的例子对象，以自由决定的重量和质地之间的差异。提供反馈只有两个示范试验。 </li><li>辖两个示范试验之前得分。有与会者比较对象A和B来说明权重的差异。有着参加对象比较A和C来说明质感的差异。 </li><li>在拿下测试试验不提供病人的绩效反馈。不协助病人与手动勘探中的对象。通过保持物体的数字顺序组织测试材料的全部18个试验。 （图2） </li><li>提供口头指示，参与者:"用一只手先手动探索测试对象。然后，探索每三个可能的匹配，它由重量或质感，但从来没有这两个中的一个试验有所不同。找到了比赛。根据需要确定答案触摸​​每个对象多次。会有18试验。最多为5分钟，使每个试验"。 </li><li>考试管理过程中重复测试说明在考官的判断或根据参加者的要求。不要告诉参与者哪个对象属性（重或纹理），他们正在试验中的匹配。 </li><li>滑动反对和远离参加者的手，每参与者的请求时，如果他或她的肘或肩运动防止它们（图3）的对象之间移动。 </li><li>有参加者表示他们的选择口头或通过在找到匹配指着自己的选择。辖下试。没有参与形容，以任何方式，对象的属性或解释为什么他们选择，他们没有比赛。 </li><li>通过确定共有每手18试验正确匹配的数目评分测试。使用附录1:行政指导和评分表，并以减少误差考官如图2所示的整体组织。 </li><li>分析和解释急速分数作为触觉性能以下考虑的措施。 注:在仓促，顺序量表等级之间的间隔可能不一致，不得为known。然而，象许多临床措施，也可能是有意义的，适当的应用统计推断仿佛数据分别为间隔， 如图4。 </li></ol><img alt="图3" src="/files/ftp_upload/53178/53178fig3.jpg" /> 图3:提供的急速对象到与会者的对象可以被放置在参与者的手，但考官应避免协助参与者与对象操作。

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The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.

有证据表明，以下中风类似于马达恢复，体感恢复需要任务的专门培训。18,19，20。因此，如果我们的目标是改善手性能作为触觉受体，触觉障碍必须被识别。15量化触觉能力的机会在临床和实验室受到了限制，在一定程度的基础上，有效和可靠的结果的措施的可用性。而大量的中风患者的体感障碍权证必须要以有效和可靠的临床结果的措施，其中识别障碍，并告知个性化的康复方...

想象一下，一个爱的人的手的感觉。这是老茧或光滑？强或精致？温暖或凉爽？你的握手或十指紧扣持有吗？如果你已经勾起了记忆，它很可能是建立在你使用你的手的运动，征求体感的信息，这就是所谓的触觉触摸，或主动感知能力。能与触觉触摸来确定特征包括大小，形状，重量，质地，表面顺从和温度。触觉受体包括本体感受器，其被发现于皮肤，肌肉，腱和关节，以及皮肤的受体，这两者都手工探索的对象的过程中被激活。不同的手的动作有助于对象特性的测定。例如，多次跨越对象进行横向摩擦运动可能会使纹理特性，或解除对象在手上可以揭示物体的重量。因此，无论是手巧和somatosensation是触觉性能和人类的经验至关重要。 中风后，既体感和运动障碍有助于减弱触觉性能。1卒中后运动障碍是常见的，明确定义的，与中风生还者约70％经历轻瘫的某一水平。1躯体感觉损伤后行程中也很常见，在47-发生89％的个体2-4。研究人员认为，中风后两者皮肤和本体感觉障碍是常见的。对于中风的凯里的体感域，读者可以参考该作品的后果的透彻描述。等，2康奈尔等人，5和Sullivan 4 体感障碍但有助于减少的康复结果，6上肢的协调，7功能和生活质量。8，曲体感障碍，尤其是有源感，的antification是缺乏部分临床实践，由于这一事实，即体感损失少清楚和更难以量化比电动机损伤。已开发量化活性感觉9的措施包括BYL-Chyney -Boczai感官鉴（BCB），10修订诺丁汉感官评价，11的功能触觉物体识别测试（fTORT），12手动表格感知测试（感官信息和现实测试的子集），13的 stereognosis组分和触觉物体识别测试（HORT）。14虽然这些措施，但最近的系统性回顾，试图描述的手臂和手的体感障碍是如何与中风后上肢的问题，得出的结论是临床医生和研究人员目前缺乏有效的，可靠somatosensation测试。15 </SUP&gt;因此，解决的触觉表现临床上有用的参数化和无害措施的可用性是至关重要的。 该手活动感觉测试（急速）的重量和质地歧视的18项比赛对样品测试，最初是由威廉姆斯和他的同事发表于2006年16仓促是触觉触摸的措施，是在触觉障碍敏感中风个人（通过少于13正确匹配表示）。随着急速的目的来衡量触觉感知，作为最小的标准，个人需要的能力，掌握并解除与手和手臂，并按照测试说明。在功能，残疾和健康（ICF）模型，17国际分类急速被认为是活动水平的测量。匆忙需要15-30分钟之间每手测试管理。匆忙的优点包括，它是廉价的，总的材料价格为2015年估计$ 100美元，并容易构造和它的18分制提供有关性能比"完整"或"受损"比较常见的二元特性更高的分辨率。 本文的目的是描述过于匆忙的设计，制造和管理。虽然可以推断测试设置从原来的急速出版物，本文提供了详细的方法用于制造视觉屏幕和一个急速试验试剂盒，在测试过程中都使用。组装所需的设备，以及所需的所有材料的详细列表中列出的材料表中。与管理和得分急速还提供了如下说明单个表: 附录1:急速行政指令和评分表参与者编号#_______ Date_______ 硒牛逼向上:座椅试验参与者在一个表（表〜29英寸高，椅座〜18英寸高）与，最初，在桌子上占主导地位的还是少受损上肢休息和下装配可视屏幕放置。在试验期间，保持所有的对象中的数值以保持组织。 示范试验:辖两个示范试验之前得分。提供对象A和B的参与者，并指示他/她比较对象的权重。然后，提供对象A和C的参与，并指示他/她比较对象的纹理。提供反馈信息只为示范试验。 刻划试验:将有18试验得分每端，最大为5分钟允许每个。指示参与者手工探索规定的试验对象（确定在下表中"测试"）与显性或更少受损手，然后前PLORE每三个可能的目标匹配（低于每一次试验箱内编号以其他方式）与此相同的手。可能的比赛将通过重量或质地各不相同，但从来没有由双方在一个试验。根据需要确定一个答案指导学员找到原始对象的匹配，并告诉他/她，他们可以触摸的每个对象多次。不要告知参与者哪个对象属性（纹理或重量），他或她是一个试验中的匹配，不协助手动探索的对象的参与者。用于指示表中的每个试验参与者的最终答案低于盘旋该对象的数量。测试越障上肢参与完成测试与受损较少上肢后。使用下面的表格，通过确定共有每手18试验（按照以下试一箱）正确匹配的数量得分的考验。 口头INSTRuctions与会人:"用一只手先手动探索测试对象。然后，探索每三个可能的匹配，它由重量或质感，但从来没有由双方在一个试验有所不同。找到了比赛。因为你需要确定你的答案，你可以触摸的每个对象多次。会有18试验。你有最多5分钟，使每个试验。" <img alt="记分卡" src="/files/ftp_upload/53178/53178scorecard.jpg" />

<table><tbody><tr><td>Equipment Needed for Assembly</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tape measure</td><td></td><td></td><td>To measure lengths of materials</td></tr><tr><td>PVC saw</td><td></td><td></td><td>To cut PVC pieces to appropriate lengths given below</td></tr><tr><td>Scissors</td><td></td><td></td><td>To cut paper, cork and laminating material</td></tr><tr><td>Scale accurate to 0.1 ounce</td><td></td><td></td><td>To determine exact weight of test objects</td></tr><tr><td>Sharpie Permanent Marker</td><td></td><td></td><td>To label test item number and weight</td></tr><tr><td>Visual Screen Materials</td><td>Company</td><td>Catalog Number</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.5-inch PVC Pipe (Sch. 40 Plain-End Pipe)</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>530048</td><td>104 inches total, will be cut into four 10-inch and three 20-inch pieces</td></tr><tr><td>0.5-inch PVC Tee (Sch. 40 SxSxS Tee)</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>406005RMC</td><td>Two pieces</td></tr><tr><td>PVC Elbow (Lasco 0.5-inch Dia 90 degree PVC Sch 40 Side Outlet Elbow)</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>413005RMC</td><td>Two pieces</td></tr><tr><td>Pillowcase</td><td></td><td></td><td>One to be hung from the PVC frame as a visual shield</td></tr><tr><td>ACCO Binder Clips, Medium</td><td>amazon.com</td><td>72050</td><td>Two to hold the pillowcase to the PVC frame</td></tr><tr><td>Testing Kit Materials</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.5-inch PVC Sch. 40 DWV Plain End Pipe</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>531111</td><td>85 inches total, will be cut into 21 4-inch pieces</td></tr><tr><td>Quartet Cork Roll, 1/16-inch thick</td><td>amazon.com</td><td>NA</td><td>1 roll, 24x48 inches, will be cut into 42 4x7-inch pieces to cover all test and example items</td></tr><tr><td>Oatey all purpose cement for CPVC and PVC</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>308213</td><td>8 ounce can, to use to adhere cork, paper and end caps to PVC test items</td></tr><tr><td>Avery Self-Adhesive Laminating Roll</td><td>amazon.com</td><td>73610</td><td>One 24x600-inch roll, will be cut into six 4x7-inches pieces to cover cork on six test objects</td></tr><tr><td>Brown Builder&#039;s Paper</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>35140</td><td>One roll, will be cut into six 4x7-inch pieces to cover cork on six test objects</td></tr><tr><td>3M Pro Grade 9 Sandpaper</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>25060P-G</td><td>One piece 4x7 inches, to use to cover one example item</td></tr><tr><td>Ranger Glossy Cardstock</td><td>amazon.com</td><td>NA</td><td>One 8.5x11-inch, 10-Pack, white, will be cut into two 4x7-inch pieces to cover example items</td></tr><tr><td>Marblex-durable self modeling clay in moist form</td><td>amaco.com/shop/</td><td>X-242</td><td>One 5-pound package, used to achieve correct weights of test objects</td></tr><tr><td>Medium density polyethylene packing foam</td><td>amazon.com</td><td>NA</td><td>One foam sheet, 220 poly, charcoal, 2x24x18 inches, to fill the remaining space in test objects after clay has been inserted</td></tr><tr><td>Knock Out Plug for 1.5-inch PVC</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>85000</td><td>42 caps to seal the ends of the 21 test items</td></tr><tr><td>Sterilite 6-quart plastic storage box</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>16428960</td><td>One to store/transport test objects</td></tr></tbody></table>

design, fabrication, and administration of the hand active sensation test (haste)

The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of outcome measures of upper extremity motor performance has grown. However, clinicians and researchers lack practical, quantitative measures of the hand&#8217;s natural role as a receptor of the environment. The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe), developed by Williams and colleagues in 2006, is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance. Though not available commercially, the HASTe can be fabricated from inexpensive materials, and it has been used successfully to identify impairments in haptic touch in individuals with stroke. (Williams, 2006). This paper presents the methods of design and fabrication of the HASTe testing kit, as well as a visual screen to be used during administration, and instructions for the tests administration and scoring.

威廉姆斯和同事发表了最初的研究，从而确立了急速的可靠性和有效性，于2006年在此基础上研究，个人得分少于13日的急速正确的匹配将被视为已受损的触觉表现，而那些13之间的得分和18都被认为具有未受损伤触觉性能。16当个人得分6个或更少正确的匹配，它被认为是一个机会得分，基于在一个18试验/ 3项匹配来样设计的可能性。 时的仓促之重测信度为所有组强（ICC...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test HASTe at JoVE.com

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test HASTe

The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe) is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance, which has been used successfully to identify impaired haptic touch in individuals with stroke. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, fabrication and administration of the HASTe.

设计，制造管理的手，和活动感觉测试（急速）

The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of ...

design-fabrication-administration-hand-active-sensation-test

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)

9.0K 次观看.  The Ohio State University. The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe) is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance, which has been used successfully to identify impaired haptic touch in individuals with stroke. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, fabrication and administration of the HASTe. 

视频: Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test HASTe

Haptic/Graphic Rehabilitation: Integrating a Robot into a Virtual Environment Library and Applying it to Stroke Therapy

Recent research that tests interactive devices for prolonged therapy practice has revealed new prospects for robotics combined with graphical and other forms of biofeedback. Previous human-robot interactive systems have required different software commands to be implemented for each robot leading to unnecessary developmental overhead time each time a new system becomes available. For example, when a haptic/graphic virtual reality environment has been coded for one specific robot to provide haptic feedback, that specific robot would not be able to be traded for another robot without recoding the program. However, recent efforts in the open source community have proposed a wrapper class approach that can elicit nearly identical responses regardless of the robot used. The result can lead researchers across the globe to perform similar experiments using shared code. Therefore modular "switching out"of one robot for another would not affect development time. In this paper, we outline the successful creation and implementation of a wrapper class for one robot into the open-source H3DAPI, which integrates the software commands most commonly used by all robots.

Recently, a vast amount of prospects have come available for human-robot interactive systems. In this paper we outline the integration of a new robotic device with open source software that can rapidly make possible a library of interactive functionality. We then outline a clinical application for a neurorehabilitation application.

触觉/图形康复：整合成一个虚拟的环境下图书馆的机器人，它应用于中风治疗

Recent research that tests interactive devices for prolonged therapy practice has revealed new prospects for robotics combined with graphical and other ...

科研

生物工程

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, usually using stimuli that are close together to reveal local interactions. Masking effects have also been demonstrated in which a tactile stimulus alters the perception of a touch at a distant location. Such effects can provide insight into how components of the body's representations in the brain may be linked. Occasional reports have indicated that touches on one hand or forearm can affect tactile sensitivity at corresponding contralateral locations. To explore the matching of corresponding points across the body, we can measure the spatial tuning and effect of posture on contralateral masking. Careful controls are required to rule out direct effects of the remote stimulus, for example by mechanical transmission, and also attention effects in which thresholds may be altered by the participant's attention being drawn away from the stimulus of interest. The use of this technique is beneficial as a behavioural measure for exploring which parts of the body are functionally connected and whether the two sides of the body interact in a somatotopic representation. This manuscript describes a behavioural protocol that can be used for studying contralateral tactile masking.

Here we explore contralateral tactile masking between the forearms in which tactile detection thresholds are modulated by vibration applied to a remote site. The details of which remote sites have an effect can tell us about how the body is represented in the brain.

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, ...

行为学

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

Numerous qualitative and quantitative techniques can be used to test sensory nerves and pain in both research and clinical settings. The current study demonstrates a quantitative sensory testing protocol using techniques to measure tactile sensation and pain threshold for pressure and heat using portable and easily accessed equipment. These techniques and equipment are ideal for new laboratories and clinics where cost is a concern or a limiting factor. We demonstrate measurement techniques for the following: cutaneous mechanical sensitivity on the arms and legs (von-Frey filaments), radiant and contact heat sensitivity (with both threshold and qualitative assessments using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)), and mechanical pressure sensitivity (algometer, with both threshold and the VAS). The techniques and equipment described and demonstrated here can be easily purchased, stored, and transported by most clinics and research laboratories around the world. A limitation of this approach is a lack of automation or computer control. Thus, these processes can be more labor intensive in terms of personnel training and data recording than the more sophisticated equipment. We provide a set of reliability data for the demonstrated techniques. From our description, a new laboratory should be able to set up and run these tests and to develop their own internal reliability data.

The goal of this procedure is to demonstrate a battery of quantitative techniques for sensory and pain measurement in humans. The equipment and techniques described are commonly found in pain clinics or are easy to obtain.

手动测试的协议来衡量感觉和疼痛人类

Numerous qualitative and quantitative techniques can be used to test sensory nerves and pain in both research and clinical settings. The current study ...

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering controlled spatially structured stimuli to the skin. Consequently, investigators often apply tactile stimuli manually. Manual stimulus application is time consuming, requires great care and concentration on the part of the investigator, and leaves many stimulus parameters uncontrolled. We describe here a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system, the Tactile Automated Passive-finger Stimulator (TAPS), that applies spatially structured stimuli to the skin, controlling for onset velocity, contact force, and contact duration. TAPS is a versatile, programmable system, capable of efficiently conducting a variety of psychophysical procedures. We describe the components of TAPS, and show how TAPS is used to administer a two-interval forced-choice tactile grating orientation test.
Corresponding Author: Daniel Goldreich

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

We describe a computer-controlled device for investigating the sense of touch: the Tactile Automated Passive-finger Stimulator (TAPS). We describe the components of TAPS, and show how TAPS is used to administer a two-interval forced-choice tactile grating orientation test.

自动化被动手指触觉刺激器（TAPS）

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering ...

生物学

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Precise measurement of neurological and neuropsychological impairment and disability in multiple sclerosis is challenging. We report a new test, the Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT), which represents a new approach to quantifying MS related disability. The MSPT takes advantage of advances in computer technology, information technology, biomechanics, and clinical measurement science. The resulting MSPT represents a computer-based platform for precise, valid measurement of MS severity. Based on, but extending the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), the MSPT provides precise, quantitative data on walking speed, balance, manual dexterity, visual function, and cognitive processing speed. The MSPT was tested by 51 MS patients and 49 healthy controls (HC). MSPT scores were highly reproducible, correlated strongly with technician-administered test scores, discriminated MS from HC and severe from mild MS, and correlated with patient reported outcomes. Measures of reliability, sensitivity, and clinical meaning for MSPT scores were favorable compared with technician-based testing. The MSPT is a potentially transformative approach for collecting MS disability outcome data for patient care and research. Because the testing is computer-based, test performance can be analyzed in traditional or novel ways and data can be directly entered into research or clinical databases. The MSPT could be widely disseminated to clinicians in practice settings who are not connected to clinical trial performance sites or who are practicing in rural settings, drastically improving access to clinical trials for clinicians and patients. The MSPT could be adapted to out of clinic settings, like the patient&#8217;s home, thereby providing more meaningful real world data. The MSPT represents a new paradigm for neuroperformance testing. This method could have the same transformative effect on clinical care and research in MS as standardized computer-adapted testing has had in the education field, with clear potential to accelerate progress in clinical care and research.

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Precise measurement of neurological and neuropsychological impairment and disability in multiple sclerosis is challenging. We report methodologic details on a new test, the Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT). This new approach to the objective of quantification of MS related disability provides a computer-based platform for precise, valid measurement of MS severity.

多发性硬化症性能测试（MSPT）：一个iPad为基础的残疾评估工具

Precise measurement of neurological and neuropsychological impairment and disability in multiple sclerosis is challenging. We report a new test, the ...

医学

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator (TSPAS)

Passive tactile perception is the ability to passively and statically perceive stimulus information coming from the skin; for example, the ability to sense spatial information is the strongest in the skin on the hands. This ability is termed tactile spatial acuity, and is measured by the tactile threshold or discrimination threshold. At present, the two-point threshold is extensively used as a measure of tactile spatial acuity, although many studies have indicated that critical deficits exist in two-point discrimination. Therefore, a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system was developed, the tactile semiautomated passive-finger angle stimulator (TSPAS), using the tactile angle discrimination threshold as a new measure for tactile spatial acuity. The TSPAS is a simple, easily operated system that applies raised angle stimuli to a subject&#39;s passive fingerpad, while controlling movement speed, distance, and contact duration. The components of the TSPAS are described in detail as well as the procedure to calculate the tactile angle discrimination threshold.

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

Presented is the tactile semiautomated passive-finger angle stimulator TSPAS, a new way to assess tactile spatial acuity and tactile angle discrimination using a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system that applies raised angle stimuli to a subject&#39;s passive fingerpad, while controlling for movement speed, distance, and contact duration.

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器 （TSPAS）

Passive tactile perception is the ability to passively and statically perceive stimulus information coming from the skin; for example, the ability to ...

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Avoidance behavior is a key contributor to the transition from acute pain to chronic pain disability. Yet, there has been a lack of ecologically valid paradigms to experimentally investigate pain-related avoidance. To fill this gap, we developed a paradigm (the robotic arm-reaching paradigm) to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of pain-related avoidance behavior. Existing avoidance paradigms (mostly in the context of anxiety research) have often operationalized avoidance as an experimenter-instructed, low-cost response, superimposed on stimuli associated with threat during a Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure. In contrast, the current method offers increased ecological validity in terms of instrumental learning (acquisition) of avoidance, and by adding a cost to the avoidance response. In the paradigm, participants perform arm-reaching movements from a starting point to a target using a robotic arm, and freely choose between three different movement trajectories to do so. The movement trajectories differ in probability of being paired with a painful electrocutaneous stimulus, and in required effort in terms of deviation and resistance. Specifically, the painful stimulus can be (partly) avoided at the cost of performing movements requiring increased effort. Avoidance behavior is operationalized as the maximal deviation from the shortest trajectory on each trial. In addition to explaining how the new paradigm can help understand the acquisition of avoidance, we describe adaptations of the robotic arm-reaching paradigm for (1) examining the spread of avoidance to other stimuli (generalization), (2) modeling clinical treatment in the lab (extinction of avoidance using response prevention), as well as (3) modeling relapse, and return of avoidance following extinction (spontaneous recovery). Given the increased ecological validity, and numerous possibilities for extensions and/or adaptations, the robotic arm-reaching paradigm offers a promising tool to facilitate the investigation of avoidance behavior and to further our understanding of its underlying processes.

Avoidance is central to chronic pain disability, yet adequate paradigms for examining pain-related avoidance are lacking. Therefore, we developed a paradigm that allows investigating how pain-related avoidance behavior is learned (acquisition), spreads to other stimuli (generalization), can be mitigated (extinction), and how it may subsequently re-emerge (spontaneous recovery).

使用机械臂接触范式调查疼痛相关避免行为

Avoidance behavior is a key contributor to the transition from acute pain to chronic pain disability. Yet, there has been a lack of ecologically valid ...

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

The gold standard for sleep monitoring is attended in-lab polysomnography; however, this method may be cost-prohibitive and inconvenient for patients and research participants. Home sleep testing has gained momentum in the field of sleep medicine due to its convenience and lower cost, as well as being more naturalistic. The accuracy and quality of home sleep testing, however, may be variable because studies are not monitored by sleep technologists. There has been some success in improving the accuracy of home sleep studies by having trained sleep technicians assist participants inside their homes with putting on the devices, but this can be intrusive and time-consuming for those involved. In this protocol, participants undergo at-home sleep monitoring with multiple devices: 1) a single-channel EEG device; 2) a home sleep test for sleep-disordered breathing and periodic limb movements; 3) actigraphy; and 4) sleep logs. A major challenge of this study is obtaining high-quality sleep monitoring data on the first attempt in order to minimize participant burden. This protocol describes the implementation of educational manuals with step-by-step instructions and photos. The goal is to improve the quality of home sleep testing.

Here, we present a protocol to improve the quality of data from home sleep testing by providing a method to enhance instructions through a structured participant visit. This protocol includes the implementation of a step-by-step educational manual with photos to ensure proper placement of equipment.

老年人多式家庭睡眠监测

The gold standard for sleep monitoring is attended in-lab polysomnography; however, this method may be cost-prohibitive and inconvenient for patients and ...

Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems

Throughout the last decade, there has been a rapid development of existing test procedures and methods evaluating the human vestibular system. In 2009 and 2013, commercially available video Head Impulse Testing (vHIT) has enabled clinicians to examine the function of all three paired semicircular canals within the vestibular system. The vHIT test has revolutionized vestibular testing and, at many clinics and hospitals around the world, this test is now considered the most important initial test of vertiginous patients. There are several manufacturers of vHIT systems around the world. A test protocol for two of the most widespread vHIT systems, EyeSeeCam and ICS Impulse, will be presented. Included in this protocol is a description of the two different test methods termed 2D vHIT testing and 3D vHIT testing. The vHIT system includes a lightweight goggle with accompanying software. The test is fast (5-10 min) and can be done with minimal discomfort to the person being examined. However, there are many steps of the test, and each of these steps may alter the final test results, if the individual steps of the test are not performed correctly. It is therefore of paramount importance that the examiner is familiar with the potential noise and/or artifact triggers. Systematic training of future examiners before performing vHIT in a clinical setting and compliance with this protocol may minimize these challenges of the test. The vHIT test is not just a &#8220;plug and play&#8221; test. However, if carried out correctly, this test offers excellent objective assessment of the function of the high frequency domain of the vestibular system. It has a very high positive predictive value and offers a specificity very close to one hundred percent.

This protocol describes how to correctly perform the video head impulse test with two separate test systems commonly used worldwide. Both the 2D and 3D video head impulse test methods are described.

基于视频头脉冲测试系统的所有六根半圆形运河的功能测试

Throughout the last decade, there has been a rapid development of existing test procedures and methods evaluating the human vestibular system. In 2009 and ...

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand

A robot-assisted hand is used for the rehabilitation of patients with impaired upper limb function, particularly for stroke patients with a loss of motor control. However, it is unclear how conventional occupational training strategies can be applied to the use of rehabilitation robots. Novel robotic technologies and occupational therapy concepts are used to develop a protocol that allows patients with impaired upper limb function to grasp objects using their affected hand through a variety of pinching and grasping functions. To conduct this appropriately, we used five types of objects: a peg, a rectangular cube, a cube, a ball, and a cylindrical bar. We also equipped the patients with a robotic hand, the Mirror Hand, an exoskeleton&#160;hand that is fitted to the subject&#8217;s affected hand and follows the movement of the sensor glove fitted to their unaffected hand (bimanual movement training (BMT)). This study had two stages. Three healthy subjects were first recruited to test the feasibility and acceptability of the training program. Three patients with hand dysfunction caused by stroke were then recruited to confirm the feasibility and acceptability of the training program, which was conducted on 3 consecutive days. On each day, the patient was monitored during 5 min of movement in a passive range of motion, 5 min of robot-assisted bimanual movement, and task-oriented training using the five objects. The results showed that both healthy subjects and subjects who had suffered a stroke in conjunction with the robotic hand could successfully grasp the objects. Both healthy subjects and those who had suffered a stroke performed well with the robot-assisted task-oriented training program in terms of feasibility and acceptability.

This study reports the development of a novel robot-assisted task-oriented program for hand rehabilitation. The developmental process consists of experiments using both healthy subjects and subjects who have had a stroke and suffered from subsequent motor control dysfunction.

使用双骨外骨骼机器人手开发面向任务的新康复计划

A robot-assisted hand is used for the rehabilitation of patients with impaired upper limb function, particularly for stroke patients with a loss of motor ...

设计，制造管理的手，和活动感觉测试（急速）

摘要

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此视频中的章节

触觉/图形康复：整合成一个虚拟的环境下图书馆的机器人，它应用于中风治疗

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

手动测试的协议来衡量感觉和疼痛人类

自动化被动手指触觉刺激器（TAPS）

多发性硬化症性能测试（MSPT）：一个iPad为基础的残疾评估工具

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器（TSPAS）

使用机械臂接触范式调查疼痛相关避免行为

老年人多式家庭睡眠监测

基于视频头脉冲测试系统的所有六根半圆形运河的功能测试

使用双骨外骨骼机器人手开发面向任务的新康复计划

设计，制造管理的手，和活动感觉测试（急速）

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

触觉/图形康复：整合成一个虚拟的环境下图书馆的机器人，它应用于中风治疗

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

手动测试的协议来衡量感觉和疼痛人类

自动化被动手指触觉刺激器（TAPS）

多发性硬化症性能测试（MSPT）：一个iPad为基础的残疾评估工具

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器 （TSPAS）

使用机械臂接触范式调查疼痛相关避免行为

老年人多式家庭睡眠监测

基于视频头脉冲测试系统的所有六根半圆形运河的功能测试

使用双骨外骨骼机器人手开发面向任务的新康复计划

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器（TSPAS）