Name: somatosensory event-related potentials from orofacial skin stretch stimulation
Uploaded: 2015-12-18T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 56 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Somatosensory Event-related Potentials from Orofacial Skin Stretch Stimulation at JoVE.com

这项工作是由国立耳聋与其他交流障碍补助R21DC013915和R01DC012502，在加拿大自然科学和工程研究理事会和欧盟第七框架计划（FP7 / 2007-2013赠款协议没有根据欧洲研究理事会的支持。339152 ）。

目前的实验方案如下根据耶鲁大学人权调查委员会的道德行为准则。 1. Electroenchephalopgaphy（EEG）的制备<ol><li>测量头的大小来确定合适的EEG帽。 </li><li>通过找到鼻根和INION之间的中点用卷尺识别顶点的位置。 </li><li>使用预先确定的顶点例如CZ放置在头上的EEG帽。用卷尺为已完成1.2放置盖后再次检查锆石。注意，EEG帽配有电极持有者和安置的64个电极（或持有者）是基于改性:10-20系统预先指定的坐标系统基于锆石11。 注:此代表应用程序使用64电极配置，以评估头皮分布的变化和来源分析。对于较简单的应用程序（在幅度和延迟事件关联电位的变化）USING少的电极是可能的。有对地面在这里使用的脑电图系统两个附加电极。那些电极夹头也包括在帽。 </li><li>在使用一次性注射器的电极持有者应用电极凝胶。 </li><li>附上EEG电极（包括接地电极）插入电极座匹配电极和电极帽的电极夹上的标签。 </li><li>清洁皮肤表面用酒精垫。 注意:对于用于检测眼运动（眼电图），皮肤位置是上方和​​下方的右眼（垂直眼运动），以及横向于双眼的外眦（水平眼运动）电极;对于躯体感觉刺激皮肤横向于口服角度被清洁。 </li><li>填与电极凝胶四眼电图电极和固定电极用双面胶带在1.6指出的地点。 </li><li>安全使用尼龙带所有电极电缆。若Required，用胶带将电缆参与者的身体或不引入任何额外的电气或机械噪声的其他位置。 </li><li>放置参与者显示器前，机器人的体感刺激。重新紧固所有电极线为1.8。 </li><li>连接脑电和眼电图电极（含接地电极）到相应的connecters（匹配的标签和连接器形状）的脑电图系统的功放盒。 </li><li>检查以查看所述EEG信号是工件自由并且该偏移值是在可接受的范围内（&lt;50微伏或更小）。如果发现有噪声的信号，或大偏移，通常是表明为高阻抗，正确通过添加额外的脑电图凝胶和/或重新定位的头发，其直接在电极下的那些电极的信号。 </li><li>将脑电图兼容的耳机和确认声级是在一个舒适的范围内基于主题报告。 </li></ol><p类="jove_title"&gt; 2。体感刺激注:目前的协议适用于面部皮肤伸展躯体感觉刺激的目的。实验装置与脑电图系统示于图1。躯体感觉刺激装置的细节，在以前的研究1,7,12-14已经描述。简言之，将两个小塑料卡（宽2厘米和3厘米高度）附着用双面胶带贴到面部皮肤。该卡使用字符串连接到机器人设备。机器人根据实验设计产生系统性的皮肤拉伸负荷。为建立协议的ERP记录如下: <ol><li>将参与者的头部在头枕，以刺激过程中尽量减少头部运动。小心取出参与者的头部与头枕之间的电极线。 </li><li>请参与者持有机器人的安全开关。 </li><li>附加塑料把手，目标皮肤位置用双面胶带为躯体感觉刺激。为代表导致12,13，其中目标是皮肤横向于口服角度，放置在蜗轴的翼片的中心，有几个毫米横向于口腔角与中心翼片的在大致相同的高度的口服角度。 </li><li>调整，以避免EEG电极和电缆的串，串支撑和机器人的配置。 </li><li>由于刺激（通常观察到相对大的振幅和频率低的电响应比）申请几个面部皮肤伸展（一个循环正弦在3赫兹以4N的最大的力）来检查工件。如果文物在脑电信号观察，回到2.4。 </li></ol> 3. ERP记录<ol><li>解释了实验任务的主体和提供实践试验（1块= 10次试验或更少），以确认是否标的理解过程显然rstands任务。 注:该实验任务和刺激呈现的ERP记录在软件刺激呈现preprogramed。 <ol><li>在代表性的测试与综合体感和听觉刺激12，适用于皮肤变形关联到皮肤横向到口腔角度的体感刺激。舒展的模式是一个周期的正弦曲线（3赫兹）为4 N.单一的合成语音的就是中途" 头 "与一个10步声连续" 已经"被用于听觉刺激最大力量。 </li><li>单独或组合呈现两个刺激。在组合的刺激下，测试3发病定时（90毫秒超前和滞后，和同时在体感和听觉声母: 参见图3A）。 </li><li>随机五个刺激的呈现（体感孤单，独自听觉和三个结合:铅，SIMULT和L股份公司）。有所不同，以避免预期和习惯化1000和2000毫秒之间的试验间隔。实验任务是通过按下键盘上的键，以确定所呈现的语言声音，其是介于"头"声学中间和声音是否" 有&#39;，为"头"，在体感单独条件，其中有没有听觉刺激，参与者被指示回答不是" 头"。 </li><li>记录参与者的判断，并使用该软件进行刺激呈现的刺激发病的按键反应时间。请参与者在注视显示屏上的固定点，以减少因眼球运动伪影。 </li><li>拆下固定点每10刺激了短暂的休息。 （见的任务和刺激呈现12,13的还有其他例子） </li></ol></li><li>启动软件，ERP记录在512赫兹抽样，其中还记录了刺激的起效时间ERP数据的时间轴。需要注意的是刺激，也包括有关的刺激的类型的信息的时间标记，发送用于从软件刺激呈现每刺激。这两个程序（ERP记录和刺激演示）都是对通过并​​行端口连接的两个独立的PC上运行。 </li><li>设置软件的体感刺激触发等待模式，然后通过激活软件刺激呈现开始刺激呈现。注意，该软件用于体感的刺激也单独的PC上运行，从其他两个电脑。每个条件记录100的ERP。 注意:一个触发信号的体感的刺激通过连接到数字输出装置中的PC进行感官刺激的模拟输入装置被接收。单体感刺激每一个触发产生。&lt;/ LI&gt; </ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

这里报道的研究提供的证据表明是受面部皮肤变形所产生精确控制的体感刺激诱导皮层的ERP。皮肤传入是被称为动觉信息3,4人体肢体运动5,6和言语运动7,8,21的丰富来源。拉伸面部皮肤中反映讲话时的实际运动方向的方式诱导肌肉感觉类似于相应的动作。目前相结合的方法精确控制皮肤的拉伸和ERP录音可以用于在广泛讲话的行为进行调查颜面部功能的神经基础。 <p class="j...

言语生产是依赖于听觉和体感的信息。听觉和体感反馈的组合出现由婴儿产生的最早发声并且都参与了言语运动学习。最近的研究结果表明，体感过程有助于感知以及生产。例如，语音识别，当机器人装置拉伸面部皮肤作为参与者听听觉刺激1声音被改变。空气喷到与听觉言语刺激相一致的脸颊改变参与者的感性判断2。 这些体感效果涉及响应于皮肤变形皮肤机械性的激活。运动期间，皮肤变形以各种方式，和皮肤机械性是已知的促进肌肉感觉3,4。皮肤机械感受器的动觉作用是妖由最近的调查结果5-7，该运动相关的皮肤的菌株被适当地视为屈曲或伸展运动取决于皮肤伸展6的图 ​​案strated。在言语动作训练，这是伴面部皮肤弹力语音特定语音的重复过程中，关节模式的改变以自适应方式7。这些研究表明，行动期间调节皮肤伸展提供了评价皮肤传入到感觉系统的动觉功能的贡献的方法。 对颜面部皮肤机械性的运动知觉功能使用心理生理的方法7,8和微电极由感觉神经9,10重新编写了研究居多。这里，当前协议着重于与面部皮肤变形和事件相关电位（ERP）的记录相关联的口面体感刺激的结合。钍是程序有精确的实验控制面部皮肤变形的使用计算机控制的机器人装置的方向和定时。这使我们可以由双方讲话运动学习期间在广泛取向选择性和精确地变形的面部皮肤测试即将语音产生和感知躯体感觉贡献特定假说，并直接在语音生成和感知。 ERP系统记录用于无创地感评价刺激对口颌面行为的影响的时间模式和定时。目前的协议，然后可以评估动觉功能的神经关联和评估体感系统这两个语音处理，言语产生和言语感知的贡献。 要显示的皮肤伸展刺激的ERP记录应用程序的用途，下列方案着重于躯体感觉和听觉输入的语音P上的相互作用erception。结果突出显示，以评估语音体感听觉相互作用提供了新思路。

<table><tbody><tr><td>EEG recording system</td><td>Biosemi</td><td>ActiveTwo</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Robotic decice for skin stretch</td><td>Geomagic</td><td>Phantom Premium 1.0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EEG-compatible earphones</td><td>Etymotic research</td><td>ER3A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Software for visual and auditory stimulation</td><td>Neurobehavioral Systems</td><td>Presentation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electrode gel</td><td>Parker Laboratories, INC</td><td>Signa gel</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Double sided tape</td><td>3M</td><td>1522</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disposable syringe</td><td>Monoject</td><td>412 Curved Tip</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Analog input device</td><td>National Instuments&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PCI-6036E</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Degital output device</td><td>Measurement computing</td><td>USB-1208FS</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

somatosensory event-related potentials from orofacial skin stretch stimulation

Cortical processing associated with orofacial somatosensory function in speech has received limited experimental attention due to the difficulty of providing precise and controlled stimulation. This article introduces a technique for recording somatosensory event-related potentials (ERP) that uses a novel mechanical stimulation method involving skin deformation using a robotic device. Controlled deformation of the facial skin is used to modulate kinesthetic inputs through excitation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors. By combining somatosensory stimulation with electroencephalographic recording, somatosensory evoked responses can be successfully measured at the level of the cortex. Somatosensory stimulation can be combined with the stimulation of other sensory modalities to assess multisensory interactions. For speech, orofacial stimulation is combined with speech sound stimulation to assess the contribution of multi-sensory processing including the effects of timing differences. The ability to precisely control orofacial somatosensory stimulation during speech perception and speech production with ERP recording is an important tool that provides new insight into the neural organization and neural representations for speech.

本节介绍针对体感刺激的面部皮肤变形产生的代表性事件相关电位。实验装置示于图1。正弦刺激施加到面部皮肤横向于口服角度（参见图3A作为参考）。录每个参与者与12名参加者在总测试一百拉伸试验。除去脱机上的水平和垂直眼电图信号的基础上加上闪烁和眼球运动伪影的试验后（超过±150μV），试验超过85％的平均?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Somatosensory Event-related Potentials from Orofacial Skin Stretch Stimulation at JoVE.com

Somatosensory Event-related Potentials from Orofacial Skin Stretch Stimulation

This paper introduces a method for obtaining somatosensory event-related potentials following orofacial skin stretch stimulation. The current method can be used to evaluate the contribution of somatosensory afferents to both speech production and speech perception.

从口面皮肤牵拉刺激体感事件相关电位

Cortical processing associated with orofacial somatosensory function in speech has received limited experimental attention due to the difficulty of ...

somatosensory-event-related-potentials-from-orofacial-skin-stretch

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

13.2K 次观看.  Haskins Laboratories. This paper introduces a method for obtaining somatosensory event-related potentials following orofacial skin stretch stimulation. The current method can be used to evaluate the contribution of somatosensory afferents to both speech production and speech perception.

视频: Somatosensory Event-related Potentials from Orofacial Skin Stretch Stimulation

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Objective and easy measurement of sensory processing is extremely difficult in nonverbal or vulnerable pediatric patients. We developed a new methodology to quantitatively assess children&#39;s cortical processing of light touch, speech sounds and the multisensory processing of the 2 stimuli, without requiring active subject participation or causing children discomfort. To accomplish this we developed a dual channel, time and strength calibrated air puff stimulator that allows both tactile stimulation and sham control. We combined this with the use of event-related potential methodology to allow for high temporal resolution of signals from the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices as well as higher order processing. This methodology also allowed us to measure a multisensory response to auditory-tactile stimulation.

Objective and easy measurement of sensory processing is extremely difficult in nonverbal or vulnerable pediatric patients. We developed a new methodology to quantitatively assess infants and children&#39;s cortical processing of light touch, speech sounds, and the multisensory processing of the 2 stimuli, without requiring active subject participation or causing discomfort in vulnerable patients.

皮质听觉，触觉加工的残疾儿童定量评价

Objective and easy measurement of sensory processing is extremely difficult in nonverbal or vulnerable pediatric patients. We developed a new methodology ...

科研

行为学

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has proven to be a useful tool in investigating the role of the articulatory motor cortex in speech perception. Researchers have used single-pulse and repetitive TMS to stimulate the lip representation in the motor cortex. The excitability of the lip motor representation can be investigated by applying single TMS pulses over this cortical area and recording TMS-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) via electrodes attached to the lip muscles (electromyography; EMG). Larger MEPs reflect increased cortical excitability. Studies have shown that excitability increases during listening to speech as well as during&#160;viewing speech-related movements. TMS can be used also to disrupt the lip motor representation. A 15-min train of low-frequency sub-threshold repetitive stimulation has been shown to suppress motor excitability for a further 15-20 min. This TMS-induced disruption of the motor lip representation impairs subsequent performance in demanding speech perception tasks and modulates auditory-cortex responses to speech sounds. These findings are consistent with the suggestion that the motor cortex contributes to speech perception. This article describes how to localize the lip representation in the motor cortex and how to define the appropriate stimulation intensity for carrying out both single-pulse and repetitive TMS experiments.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has proven to be a useful tool in investigating the role of the articulatory motor cortex in speech perception.&#160; This article describes how to record motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the lip muscles and how to disrupt the motor lip representation using repetitive TMS.

刺激唇部运动皮层与经颅磁刺激

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has proven to be a useful tool in investigating the role of the articulatory motor cortex in speech perception. ...

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Rapid auditory processing and acoustic change detection abilities play a critical role in allowing human infants to efficiently process the fine spectral and temporal changes that are characteristic of human language. These abilities lay the foundation for effective language acquisition; allowing infants to hone in on the sounds of their native language. Invasive procedures in animals and scalp-recorded potentials from human adults suggest that simultaneous, rhythmic activity (oscillations) between and within brain regions are fundamental to sensory development; determining the resolution with which incoming stimuli are parsed. At this time, little is known about oscillatory dynamics in human infant development. However, animal neurophysiology and adult EEG data provide the basis for a strong hypothesis that rapid auditory processing in infants is mediated by oscillatory synchrony in discrete frequency bands. In order to investigate this, 128-channel, high-density EEG responses of 4-month old infants to frequency change in tone pairs, presented in two rate conditions (Rapid: 70 msec ISI and Control: 300 msec ISI) were examined. To determine the frequency band and magnitude of activity, auditory evoked response averages were first co-registered with age-appropriate brain templates. Next, the principal components of the response were identified and localized using a two-dipole model of brain activity. Single-trial analysis of oscillatory power showed a robust index of frequency change processing in bursts of Theta band (3 - 8 Hz) activity in both right and left auditory cortices, with left activation more prominent in the Rapid condition. These methods have produced data that are not only some of the first reported evoked oscillations analyses in infants, but are also, importantly, the product of a well-established method of recording and analyzing clean, meticulously collected, infant EEG and ERPs. In this article, we describe our method for infant EEG net application, recording, dynamic brain response analysis, and representative results.

High-density electroencephalography (dEEG) is being used increasingly to study brain development and plasticity in the early years of life. Here we present an application of sophisticated analysis techniques that builds on traditional EEG recording to understand the oscillatory dynamics of rapid auditory processing in the infant brain.

婴儿听觉处理和事件相关的脑振荡

Rapid auditory processing and acoustic change detection abilities play a critical role in allowing human infants to efficiently process the fine spectral ...

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral motor impairments that are frequently dominated in the upper limb. In addition to a reduced movement capacity of the affected upper limb, several children with unilateral CP show a reduced awareness of the remaining movement capacity of that limb. This phenomenon of disregarding the preserved capacity of the affected upper limb is regularly referred to as Developmental Disregard (DD). Different theories have been postulated to explain DD, each suggesting slightly different guidelines for therapy. Still, cognitive processes that might additionally contribute to DD in children with unilateral CP have never been directly studied. The current protocol was developed to study cognitive aspects involved in upper limb control in children with unilateral CP with and without DD. This was done by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from the ongoing EEG during target-response tasks asking for a hand-movement response. ERPs consist of several components, each of them associated with a well-defined cognitive process (e.g., the N1 with early attention processes, the N2 with cognitive control and the P3 with cognitive load and mental effort). Due to its excellent temporal resolution, the ERP technique enables to study several covert cognitive processes preceding overt motor responses and thus allows insight into the cognitive processes that might contribute to the phenomenon of DD. Using this protocol adds a new level of explanation to existing behavioral studies and opens new avenues to the broader implementation of research on cognitive aspects of developmental movement restrictions in children.

Several children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy seem to disregard the preserved capacity of their affected upper limb. This Developmental Disregard is extensively described in the literature but the involved cognitive processes have not been studied. To study underlying cognitive factors of upper limb control, an event-related potential protocol was developed.

事件相关电位在目标响应的任务，研究的上肢使用在儿童认知过程单侧脑性麻痹

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral ...

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, usually using stimuli that are close together to reveal local interactions. Masking effects have also been demonstrated in which a tactile stimulus alters the perception of a touch at a distant location. Such effects can provide insight into how components of the body's representations in the brain may be linked. Occasional reports have indicated that touches on one hand or forearm can affect tactile sensitivity at corresponding contralateral locations. To explore the matching of corresponding points across the body, we can measure the spatial tuning and effect of posture on contralateral masking. Careful controls are required to rule out direct effects of the remote stimulus, for example by mechanical transmission, and also attention effects in which thresholds may be altered by the participant's attention being drawn away from the stimulus of interest. The use of this technique is beneficial as a behavioural measure for exploring which parts of the body are functionally connected and whether the two sides of the body interact in a somatotopic representation. This manuscript describes a behavioural protocol that can be used for studying contralateral tactile masking.

Here we explore contralateral tactile masking between the forearms in which tactile detection thresholds are modulated by vibration applied to a remote site. The details of which remote sites have an effect can tell us about how the body is represented in the brain.

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, ...

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans

"Affective" touch is believed to be processed in a manner distinct from discriminatory touch and to involve activation of C-tactile (CT) afferent fibers. Touch that optimally activates CT fibers is consistently rated as hedonically pleasant. Patient groups with impaired social-emotional functioning also show disordered affective touch ratings. However, relying on self-reported ratings of touch has many limitations, including recall bias and communication barriers. Here, we describe a methodological approach to study affective responses to touch via facial electromyography (EMG) that circumvents the reliance on self-report ratings. Facial EMG is an objective, quantitative, and non-invasive method to measure facial muscle activity indicative of affective responses. Responses can be assessed across healthy and patient populations without the need for verbal communication. Here, we provide two separate datasets demonstrating that CT-optimal and non-optimal touch elicit distinct facial muscle reactions. Moreover, facial EMG responses are consistent across stimulus modalities, e.g. tactile (experienced touch) and visual (observed touch). Finally, the temporal resolution of facial EMG can detect responses on timescales that supersede that of verbal reporting. Together, our data suggest that facial EMG is a suitable methodology for use in affective tactile research that can be used to supplement, or in some cases, supplant, existing measures.

We describe a protocol to assess facial muscle activity in response to experienced and observed tactile stimulation using facial electromyography.

面部肌电图对人体有经验和观察到的情感触觉的影响评估

"Affective" touch is believed to be processed in a manner distinct from discriminatory touch and to involve activation of C-tactile (CT) afferent fibers. ...

Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an effective method for establishing a causal link between a cortical area and cognitive/neurophysiological effects. Specifically, by creating a transient interference with the normal activity of a target region and measuring changes in an electrophysiological signal, we can establish a causal link between the stimulated brain area or network and the electrophysiological signal that we record. If target brain areas are functionally defined with prior fMRI scan, TMS could be used to link the fMRI activations with evoked potentials recorded. However, conducting such experiments presents significant technical challenges given the high amplitude artifacts introduced into the EEG signal by the magnetic pulse, and the difficulty to successfully target areas that were functionally defined by fMRI. Here we describe a methodology for combining these three common tools: TMS, EEG, and fMRI. We explain how to guide the stimulator&#39;s coil to the desired target area using anatomical or functional MRI data, how to record EEG during concurrent TMS, how to design an ERP study suitable for EEG-TMS combination and how to extract reliable ERP from the recorded data. We will provide representative results from a previously published study, in which fMRI-guided TMS was used concurrently with EEG to show that the face-selective N1 and the body-selective N1 component of the ERP are associated with distinct neural networks in extrastriate cortex. This method allows us to combine the high spatial resolution of fMRI with the high temporal resolution of TMS and EEG and therefore obtain a comprehensive understanding of the neural basis of various cognitive processes.

This paper describes a method for collecting and analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) data during concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) guided by activations revealed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A method for TMS artifact removal and extraction of event related potentials is described as well as considerations in paradigm design and experimental setup.

提取脑电数据视觉诱发电位记录在功能磁共振成像引导下经颅磁刺激

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an effective method for establishing a causal link between a cortical area and cognitive/neurophysiological ...

神经科学

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners

The partners of each pair must be able to pass the McGill Friendship Questionnaire without communicating. Each partner is then seated in front of a screen in one of two adjacent rooms. These rooms are separated by a glass window through which participants communicate to maintain feelings of togetherness while being fitted with the EEG cap. After checking for adequate EEG signals, the glass is covered by a curtain to prevent visual communication. Then, partners must be silent but are instructed to try to feel in the presence of their partner during the entire experiment. Just before it starts, participants are told that each of them will be presented with one image at a time and that these images will occur at the same time for both of them on their own screen. They are also instructed that, for each trial, the simultaneous images will always be different. However, unbeknownst to them, trials are randomized: only half of them are consistent with this instruction and actually include two different images. These trials form the DSC, that is, the different-stimuli condition. The other half of the trials are inconsistent with the instruction. They include two identical images and form the ISC (identical-stimuli condition). After the experiment, participants are sorted into two groups: those who reported that they felt in the presence of their partner during the majority of the trials and those who reported they did not. The impact of the stimulus processing of the partner is found by subtracting the mean voltages of the ERPs of the ISC (inconsistent with the instructions) from the ERPs of the DSC (consistent with the instructions) in at least two time windows (TWs): firstly, in the 75 to 150 ms TW, where the absolute values of these subtractions are greater, especially at right frontal sites, in those who felt in the presence of their partner than in those who did not; secondly, in the LPP time window (i.e., from 650 to 950 ms post onset), where ERPs are significantly less positive in the DSC than in the ISC in those in whom the raw results of the early (75-150ms) subtractions are negative.

This protocol describes key steps involved in assessing the sensitivity of the brain of one person to the stimulus processing of a close other by selecting pairs of partners, recording their electroencephalogram (EEG) simultaneously and computing their event-related brain potentials (ERPs).

Hyperscanning 合作伙伴时如何发现刺激处理对近距离活动相关脑电位的影响

The partners of each pair must be able to pass the McGill Friendship Questionnaire without communicating. Each partner is then seated in front of a screen ...

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

This paper examines the application of electroencephalogram-based methods to assess the effects of audio-tactile substitution training in young, profoundly deaf (PD) participants, with the aim of analyzing the neural mechanisms associated with vibrotactile complex sound discrimination. Electrical brain activity reflects dynamic neural changes, and the temporal precision of event-related potentials (ERPs) has proven to be key in studying time-locked processes while performing behavioral tasks that involve attention and working memory. 
The current protocol was designed to study electrophysiological activity in PD subjects while they performed a continuous performance task (CPT) using complex-sound stimuli, consisting of five different animal sounds delivered through a portable stimulator system worn on the right index finger. As a repeated-measures design, electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings in standard conditions were performed before and after a brief training program (five 1 h sessions over 15 days), followed by offline artifact correction and epoch averaging, to obtain individual and grand-mean waveforms. Behavioral results show a significant improvement in discrimination and a more robust P3-like centroparietal positive waveform for the target stimuli after training. In this protocol, ERPs contribute to the further understanding of learning-related neural changes in PD subjects associated with audio-tactile discrimination of complex sounds.

This protocol is designed to explore underlying learning-related electrophysiological changes in subjects with profound deafness after a short training period in audio-tactile sensory substitution by applying the event-related potential technique.

使用事件相关电位技术评估重度耳聋参与者的听觉触觉感觉替代训练

This paper examines the application of electroencephalogram-based methods to assess the effects of audio-tactile substitution training in young, ...

气味对通过呼吸同步嗅觉计评估的大脑兴奋性的影响

Combining a Breath-Synchronized Olfactometer with Brain Simulation to Study the Impact of Odors on Corticospinal Excitability and Effective Connectivity

It is widely accepted that olfactory stimulation elicits motor behaviors, such as approaching pleasant odorants and avoiding unpleasant ones, in animals and humans. Recently, studies using electroencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have demonstrated a strong link between processing in the olfactory system and activity in the motor cortex in humans. To better understand the interactions between the olfactory and the motor systems and to overcome some of the previous methodological limitations, we developed a new method combining an olfactometer that synchronizes the random order presentation of odorants with different hedonic values and the TMS (single- and dual-coil) triggering with nasal breathing phases. This method allows probing the modulations of corticospinal excitability and effective ipsilateral connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the primary motor cortex that could occur during pleasant and unpleasant odor perception. The application of this method will allow for objectively discriminating the pleasantness value of an odorant in a given participant, indicating the biological impact of the odorant on brain effective connectivity and excitability. In addition, this could pave the way for clinical investigations in patients with neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders who may exhibit&#160;odor hedonic alterations and maladaptive approach-avoidance behaviors.

作者聚焦：探索嗅觉对皮质脊髓兴奋性的影响 - 神经学研究的见解和创新 

This paper describes using a breath-synchronized olfactometer to trigger single- and dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during odorant presentation synchronized to human nasal breathing. This combination allows us to objectively investigate how pleasant and unpleasant odors impact corticospinal excitability and brain-effective connectivity in a given individual.

将呼吸同步嗅觉计与大脑模拟相结合，研究气味对皮质脊髓兴奋性和有效连接性的影响

It is widely accepted that olfactory stimulation elicits motor behaviors, such as approaching pleasant odorants and avoiding unpleasant ones, in animals ...