Name: assessing the effects of music listening on psychobiological stress in daily life
Uploaded: 2017-02-02T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 17 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing the Effects of Music Listening on Psychobiological Stress in Daily Life at JoVE.com

JS and UMN acknowledge funding by the Volkswagen Foundation (Az. 84905). We thank the University of Marburg for funding participant reimbursements and the Universitaetsstiftung of the University of Marburg for funding the biochemical analyses. Furthermore, we thank Johanna M. Doerr for her contribution to the study design and Nadine Skoluda for her involvement in the analysis of the saliva samples.

该协议遵循马尔堡大学的地方伦理委员会的指导方针;对于所有研究报道19，20，得到21，同意。获得机构审查委员会（IRB）的批准，特别要注意在日常生活中的惯例参与研究的潜在的侵扰，并特别注意应力唾液生物标志物的集合。 1.研究设计:采样协议<ol><li>决定的天数，如涉及多个评估大多数研究通常是从3天运行至3周22。选择多个连续的天数（ 例如，至少7天，同时包括工作日和周末日）以获得代表分析上市公司参与者的日常生活。 </li><li>决定一个号码每天评估。分布于评估一天，跨越觉醒和睡前（ 例如，6评估/ D）之间的代表性的时段。 </li><li>决定每天评估的分布（ 例如，评估可以是基于事件的，基于时间，或这两种设计的组合）9。 注意:请记住，目前的建议更喜欢基于事件的程序只罕见事件的采样，多为合规性的原因，并跟上参与者的动机。使用基于时间的基于事件的和评估的组合。 <ol><li>由于唾液皮质醇和唾液α-淀粉酶的昼夜节律，直接醒来后使用基于事件的评估。 </li><li>相对于这样的评价，之后安排一个后续评估30分钟，在12:00小时（午饭前），14:00，18:00，21:00 H（睡前）醒来，并计划进一步固定评估。 注:这里所描述的研究方案原定以下评估ments在每个研究:觉醒（基于事件的），觉醒后的30分钟，19 10.00 21 20 /11.00（固定），14.00后直接（固定），18.00（固定），21.00（固定）。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2.与会者的选择<ol><li>执行一个先验功率分析的建议，博尔格，施泰德和Laurenceau 23，如果一个人对预期的影响大小的先验知识。 </li><li>谨慎选择研究参与者并定义以下两个条件: <ol><li>确保参与者的年龄范围尽可能（ 例如，18至35岁）的狭窄或认为这是一个变乱和统计把它看作。参与者的身体质量指数（BMI）应等于或大于30的水平（见步骤3.1）。参与者应该要么是不吸烟或吸烟应每周不少于5支。 </li><li>确保只包括参与者谁不消耗药品（在过去2周内没有大麻消费，过去4周之内没有任何其他精神药物的消费）。此外，确保参与者没有服用任何药物（除激素避孕药（HC）的女性，应记录和统计分析中考虑）。 </li><li>仅包括不具有任何慢性躯体或精神疾病（根据基于所述患者健康问卷（PHQ）24自我报告谁的参与者。 注意:如果有兴趣在音乐监听特定患者人群（ 例如，纤维肌痛综合征病人），请调整这些纳入标准（ 例如，根据研究标准的25，26定义入选标准为纤维肌痛综合征病人psychobiological压力的影响）。 </li></ol></li><html><li>评估以下协变量。 注:应协变量使用纸和铅笔问卷进行评估一次。 <ol><li>由于生物参数的评估，控制体重和性别。无论是定义有关BMI和性别纳入标准（ 例如，只包括谁拥有BMI等于或低于30，或仅包括男性或女性的科目），或体重指数和性别的影响，统计控制。 </li><li>关于音乐聆听和压力，为音乐专业知识和音乐偏好控制之间的关系（ 例如，通过音乐偏好问卷（MPQ）的方式）27，以测试关于音乐收听和压力之间的关系不同影响的假设基础上的个人音乐偏好和专长。 </li><li>请参与者完成特里尔库存为慢性应激28和/或知觉压力量表"&gt; 29，以测试对整体的应力水平对听音乐和电流应力之间的关联影响的假设。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.与评估前参加会议<ol><li>安排同与会者进行介绍会议的电子日记设备，问卷调查，和唾液收集方法来熟悉它们。 </li><li>参与者提供一个移动电子设备的日记上，他们可以解决动态评估过程中的项目<ol><li>熟悉如何处理电子日记设备的所有参与者。 </li><li>提供有关如何移动电子日记本装置使用的信息每个参与者（ 例如，如何打开和关闭它，如何静音和取消静音报警，如何反应时的评估是错过了，怎么经常给它充电，以及如何启动应用程序呈现的项目）。 </li><li>讲解和演示所有福有关研究nctions。 </li></ol></li><li>制备研究手册，其中研究材料，在门诊评估存在于唾液的收集的物品，并且该过程被足够详细地说明。在本手册中，通过解释每个响应的选项详细描述每个项目。 注意:请一定要做好试运行和复习手册与每个参与者。因此，提供特定的指令到参与者，无论是脸对脸，写在手册中，考核期开始前。 </li><li>在技​​术问题的情况下提供联系方式与参与者。 </li><li>指导参与者开始第一次评估当天的介绍会议之后。 </li><li>数据收集完成后设置为postmonitoring会议的日期。 </li></ol> 4.音乐听力项目 注:听音乐的所有项目都通过电子提交日记设备。 <img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54920/54920fig1.jpg" /> 图1:从移动设备日记截图示范。使用电子日记的设备，参加者可以在他们的日常生活中，而他们去了解他们的日常生活的影响。 <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54920/54920fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> <ol><li>首先，使用过滤问题，并要求自上次评估是否发生听音乐。 </li><li>界定什么是音乐聆听意味着通过提供音乐在日常生活中聆听的例子。被动收听音乐区分（ 例如背景音乐的同时购物）和有源或故意听音乐（如听音乐那是人们关注的焦点）。 </li><li>问后面的项目（ 例如，价，觉醒，一个ð原因，听音乐），涵盖了听音乐插曲更深入的刻画，当参与者报告已经听音乐。 <ol><li>问感知价（从伤心到开心的视觉模拟评分）和感知的觉醒（从放松到充满活力的视觉模拟评分），这是听着音乐。 </li><li>请参与者来定义他们听使用不同的反应尺度两个音乐质量特征。在一方面，要求他们进行评分的经验是悲伤或快乐。在另一方面，询问是否音乐放松身心或活力。 注:收视率是指参与者的音乐的主观体验。 </li><li>请参与者尝试进行评级。如果这是不可能的，让参与者选择刻度的中间。 </li><li>如果参与者监听多个一段音乐，请向与会者做代表大多数的音乐等级听了。也就是说，如果参与者聆听既悲伤和快乐的音乐在电台，确保分级代表音乐的主要经验。 </li></ol></li><li>通过询问参与者选择听音乐的主要原因（放松，分散注意力，激活中，减少无聊）评估听音乐的理由。 注:我们选择了那些在以前的研究5，6被报道最常听音乐的理由。根据不同的研究的问题，其他的原因可被选择，以及（ 例如，情绪调节，审美享受和认知刺激）。但是，请记住，项目的数量保持在最低限度，以保持较高的遵守协议。 <ol><li>问以下几个问题: </li><li>问如果参与者为了放松听音乐。&lt;BR /&gt; 注:这可能是由于一些之前压力事件或一般需要放松。 </li><li>问如果参与者听音乐激活。 注意:例如，这意味着，音乐被选为沿着唱歌，与移动，或激活自身。 </li><li>问如果参与者听音乐分心。 注:意义，从某个主题或某些想法分心。 </li><li>问如果参与者听音乐，因为没有其他可用于减少无聊的替代品。 注:与分心作为音乐欣赏的原因，在这里，音乐是不是意味着从某一主题或想法来分散。相反，音乐听，为了打发时间。 </li></ol></li><li>评估的听音情况的特性。 <ol><li>问还有谁在听音乐时在场的与会者。 注:按照以Juslin 等。 &lt;SUP类="外部参照"&gt; 6，请参与者以下响应选项中进行选择:"我独自一人边听音乐"，"朋友在场边听音乐"和"边听音乐熟人在场。 " </li><li>此外，询问参与者是否在陌生人面前一边听音乐6。 注:若有人在社会环境因素对音乐欣赏的应力降低效果的作用特别感兴趣，可以考虑让参与者是否发生了与其他人的互动，以及如何这些相互作用被评为（正负）。此外，评估社会支持/附件，以确定是否这些因素中度听音乐的应力降低效果。 </li><li>在调查研究中的音乐生活听取更多地了解这些上下文变量请查阅相应文献6 <s达&gt; 18。 </li></ol></li></ol> 5. Psychobiological应力评估 注:压力是通过主观的自我报告，以及通过压力的生理指标评估一个多层面的现象。在每个评估，主观应激水平和胁迫的生理指标数据都必须收集。 <ol><li>使用指示单项目30测量主观压力如何强调他们觉得此刻的（ 例如，在五点李克特量表，从"完全没有"到"非常多"）。 注:本项目应采用电子日记设备呈现。 </li><li>对有听音乐和压力提供了主观信息后，立即采集唾液样本进行唾液皮质醇和唾液α-淀粉酶的神经内分泌和植物神经应激标志物，后来的评估分别采用的标准程序。 注意:有市售两种分析物的检测方法， 例如 ，酶联免疫吸附测定。 </li><li>唾液小瓶的制备 注:对于唾液皮质醇和α-淀粉酶的伴随评估，使用被动口水方法，该方法为素炼，文本刺激，或吸收材料的干扰用测定程序31的影响控制。 <ol><li> Prelabel唾液的小瓶。使用简单，唯一的代码为每小瓶。 注意:此代码由研究编号+参与者代码+抽样+天的时间一天。 </li><li>之前和参与研究后称量唾液小瓶以确定唾液流率（其通过确定由收集时间（毫升/分钟）除以唾液体积（的后预重量差）来计算）。 </li><li>通过将所有样品由O根据抽样当天拆分样本NE一天，秸秆的相应数字到一个小塑料袋。 </li></ol></li><li>唾液收集<ol><li>参与者提供的唾液收集如下特别说明。 <ol><li>为了避免与血液，糖，或酸性污染，指示参与者未唾液取样之前30分钟内刷牙或有唾液采样前的牙科治疗24小时。 注:主要的饭菜不应该在60分钟内被消耗之前的采样;小吃和含咖啡因或含酒精饮料不应取样之前30分钟内被消耗掉。 </li><li> （:"不，"1"是"0），通过询问是否参加吃/喝/最后两个小时内记录熏食品，饮料，尼古丁通过移动电子设备日记的方式摄入。 </li><li>指导学员冲洗他们的嘴用自来水取样之前10分钟。 </li><li>指导学员记录vigorous体力活动2小时前取样。询问参与者如果他们是活跃。如果是的话，问他们如何积极的是最后2小时内。指导参与者响应"根本"，"很少"，"中等"或"大力"。 </li><li>指导参与者样本储存在或低于-20℃尽快（在每一天的晚上在最新的），以防止细菌生长。万一参与者不必冷冻机立即访问，它们应被要求的采样存储在其间的冰箱。 </li></ol></li><li>收集用于演示的唾液样本。 <ol><li>请参与者吞下一次。然后，让参与者通过不吞咽下一个2分钟累积口水。 </li><li>设置一个计时器（2分钟通常就足够了），移动电子日记本设备上。 </li><li>握住瓶和稻草准备。 2分钟后，请参与者全部​​转让积累唾液到小瓶。 注:参加者既可以使用吸管所有累积的唾液转移到小瓶中，或者他们可以将所有累积的唾液没有吸管插入药瓶。 </li><li>然后，让与会者输入写在小瓶作为每次评估时间点的最后一个合规性检查的代码。 </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol> 6.会议以评估后的学员<ol><li>请参与者重返实验室研究完成后，交出了研究设备（ 即电子日记设备和唾液样本）。 </li><li>进行标准化后监测的采访要求，可能会在研究过程中时有发生，参与研究与日常生活中的程序，和整体满意度与参与研究的干扰任何问题。 </li></ol> 7.统计处理<ol><li>准备数据用完成了评估低于50％不含参与者设置。 </li><li>检查数据为正态分布。由于唾液皮质醇和唾液α-淀粉酶通常不是正态分布，转换数据（ 例如，使用公式LN（X）+ 10）。 注意:由于该数据的嵌套结构（即反复评定音乐收听和psychobiological应力嵌套在每个人），利用分层线性模型（HLM）32根据由螺翼，Feldstain，麦凯所述的程序分析数据和罗基33。分析应为一天的1级和BMI在Level-2的时间和性别至少控制。计算解释方差的量作为使用由歌手和威利特34提供的式的影响大小的指标。 </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

这里，研究方案，提出关于如何调查听音乐对日常生活psychobiological压力的影响。门诊评估设计的优点是，听音乐对应激的影响可以在参与者的自然栖息地进行调查，而他们正在忙于他们的日常工作。 作为这一研究协议评估过去的音乐收听和瞬时压力，可以检验听音乐对应激的短期效应。在与实验研究线，应力降低音乐收听的效果，这取决于音乐的特征，并根据情况的特点，?...

音乐聆听与应力降低的影响1，2相关联。然而，大多数以前的研究实验设置，调查具有高度选择性的患者人群进行的。特别是，许多研究手术的设置，在听音乐时，还是紧张的程序后3无论之前发生，共设置。虽然一些研究表明听音乐的有益效果，调查结果仍模棱两可。这可能是由于若干方法学的原因（ 即不同的研究方法和不同的研究设计可能导致不同的结果）。例如，一个基于实验室的研究的人工设置使不清楚从这些实验研究的结果是否可以转移到实际生活环境。至于听音乐是经常用于放松日常生活中4的受欢迎的活动通货膨胀目的5，6，7，它是极为重要的学习音乐的监听在日常生活中设置psychobiological应力（及其潜在的底层机制），它们特征在于高生态效度的影响。 在日常生活中设置的研究是通常被称为生态瞬时评估（EMA），经验抽样方法（ESM），或动态评估（AA）8。共同所有这些方法是，数据在参与者的真实世界环境中反复捕获随时间变化的事实。据Shiffman，石头，Hufford 9，在日常生活中设置的研究因而允许（一）特征的个体差异，（B）描述自然史，（c）评估上下文关联，以及（d）记录的时间序列。因此，有可能研究动态关系之间的具有最小回忆偏差的和最大生态效9感兴趣的变量。虽然EMA，ESM和AA经常互换使用的术语，某些区别必须进行8。 而EMA和ESM指的主观自我报告的评估，AA的同时参与者要对他们的日常10定义为自我报告，行为的记录，和/或日常生活中生理测量同时评估。 AA研究是通过生理数据11的结合现有经验和行为重复测量表征。此外，AA允许应力的日常生活中由一个psychobiological角度测量，自我报告和生理标记物可以在参与者的自然栖息地进行评估。下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴（HPA）和自主神经系统（ANS）一重新在体内两个突出的压力敏感的系统。 HPA轴是负责内分泌应激反应。当遇到压力，该轴被激活。这种活化可以通过激素皮质醇的分泌来测定。自主应激反应可通过一系列植物神经标记物，如心脏速率和皮肤电导的测量。一个相对较新的生物标志物反映了ANS的活动是唾液酶的α-淀粉酶12。两个HPA轴和ANS活动可以是由分别为13唾液皮质醇和唾液α-淀粉酶，的装置在唾液无创和伴随测量。 在日常生活中设置的研究既包括主观和压力的生理指标还很少，因为大多数在日常生活中聆听音乐的研究，依靠主观的自我报告的6，7，14 &lt;/ SUP&gt;，15，16，17。从这些研究中，可以得出结论，听音乐是与主观福祉6，7，18的有益效果相关联的日常生活15，17的一个流行的活动。最有趣的是，许多研究发现，音乐在日常生活中聆听与放松6,7的主观感受有关。此外，松弛的音乐在日常生活中6听的一个常见原因。在另一方面，在收听音乐的应力降低效果动态评估研究 - 应力特别是那些既包括心理和生理指标 - 是非常罕见的。我们在T先前的研究显示WO动态评估研究，听音乐与在健康的参与者19 20应力降低作用，相关的。相反在健康年轻成人这些发现，我们无法找到音乐收听的患者样品21中的应力降低效果。 因此，它是特别重要的学习音乐使用动态评估在日常生活中收听的影响，因为这种方法允许对各种各样的情况，其中音乐聆听高时间分辨率发生检查（相比于人造的情况实验）和高外部有效性。通过动态评估研究的手段，能够调查影响音乐在日常生活中收听的效果方面的因素。同时，潜在的机制可以通过伴随评估生理参数的装置进行调查。这种方法使得可以解开底层音乐的日常生活中监听应力降低效果的复杂的机制。 此协议演示了如何通过拟订关于（1）研究设计;（2）材料和方法;（3）参加人的选择，评估听音乐在日常生活psychobiological压力的影响;（4）统计方面的考虑，基于上述研究19，20，21。

<table><tbody><tr><td>SaliCap Set</td><td>IBL International GmbH, a Tecan Group company</td><td>RE69985</td><td>Sampling tubes for collection of saliva samples to be used in the IBL Saliva Immunoassays</td></tr><tr><td>Cortisol Saliva ELISA</td><td>IBL International GmbH, a Tecan Group company</td><td>RE52611</td><td>Enzyme Immunoassay for the quantitative determination of free cortisol in human saliva</td></tr><tr><td>Calibrator f.a.s. w/o diluent</td><td>Roche Diagnostics</td><td>10759350190</td><td>Ready-for-use calibrator consisting of a buffered description aqueous solution with biological materials added as required to obtain desired component levels.</td></tr><tr><td>Precinorm U</td><td>Roche Diagnostics</td><td>10171743122</td><td>Ready-for-use control</td></tr><tr><td>Precipath U</td><td>Roche Diagnostics</td><td>10171760122</td><td>Ready-for-use control</td></tr><tr><td>AMY EPS HIT 917 liquid</td><td>Roche Diagnostics</td><td>11876473 316</td><td>R1: &amp;alpha;-glucosidase; R2: 4,6-ethylidene-(G7) p-nitrophenyl-(G1)-&amp;alpha;,D-maltoheptaoside</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Further materials include typical laboratory utensils, &lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, micropipettes, oribtal shaker, vortex mixer, 8-channel micropipettor, wash bottle, automated or semi-automated microtiter plate washing system, precision scale, microtiter plate reader capable of reading absorbance.</td></tr><tr><td>Apple iPod touch, 8 GB, 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Generation</td><td>Apple Inc.</td><td>n/a</td><td>mobile diary device</td></tr><tr><td>iDialogPad</td><td>Mutz Elektronik Entwicklung</td><td>n/a</td><td>software for programming items occuring in the ambulatory assessment</td></tr></tbody></table>

assessing the effects of music listening on psychobiological stress in daily life

音乐聆听与应力降低效应有关。然而，大多数的音乐收听和压力的结果聚集在实验设置。至于听音乐是日常生活的一个流行的活动，这是极为重要的学习音乐的聆听对psychobiological压力的影响是日常的，日常的生活环境。在此，提出了研究方案，让音乐的聆听和日常生活psychobiological压力之间的关联由无创测量唾液皮质醇（因为下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA的标志）轴）和唾液α-淀粉酶的评估（如自主神经系统（ANS））的标志。该协议包括在研究设计建议（ 例如，抽样协议），材料和方法（ 例如，psychobiological应力在日常生活中评估，听音乐的评估，手动），参与者的选择（ 例如，审批机构审查委员会和纳入标准），以及统计分析（如多层次的方法）。代表结果为音乐的日常生活中监听应力降低效果的证据。具体地，具体原因听音乐（特别是松弛），以及其他，而这样做的情况下，增加该应力降低效果。同时，音乐收听在日常生活中差异影响了HPA轴和ANS运作，从而强调在日常生活的应力的多维评估的需要。

该协议的目的是提供如何可以检查音乐聆听对日常生活psychobiological应力的效果的一个例子。该程序旨在探讨听音乐，主观应激报告，唾液皮质醇分泌，唾液和α-淀粉酶活之间的关联。 给出的结果代表来自于我们的工作小组，发表在心理神经 19,20和前沿人类神经 <sup class...

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Assessing the Effects of Music Listening on Psychobiological Stress in Daily Life

A study protocol is presented on how to assess associations between music listening and psychobiological stress (as measured by subjective stress levels, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase) in daily life. Advice on study design, materials, methods, selection of participants, and statistical handling is provided. Representative results are presented and discussed.

评估音乐的影响听力在日常生活Psychobiological压力

Music listening is associated with stress-reducing effects. However, most of the results on music listening and stress were gathered in experimental ...

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13.2K 次观看.  University of Marburg. A study protocol is presented on how to assess associations between music listening and psychobiological stress (as measured by subjective stress levels, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase) in daily life. Advice on study design, materials, methods, selection of participants, and statistical handling is provided. Representative results are presented and discussed. 

视频: Assessing the Effects of Music Listening on Psychobiological Stress in Daily Life

An Alternative to the Traditional Cold Pressor Test: The Cold Pressor Arm Wrap

Recently research on the relationship between stress and cognition, emotion, and behavior has greatly increased. These advances have yielded insights into important questions ranging from the nature of stress&#39; influence on addiction1 to the role of stress in neural changes associated with alterations in decision-making2,3. As topics being examined by the field evolve, however, so too must the methodologies involved. In this article a practical and effective alternative to a classic stress induction technique, the cold pressor test (CPT), is presented: the cold pressor arm wrap (CPAW). CPT typically involves immersion of a participant&#39;s dominant hand in ice-cold water for a period of time4. The technique is associated with robust activation of the sympatho-adrenomedullary (SAM) axis (and release of catecholamines; e.g.&#160;adrenaline and noradrenaline) and mild-to-moderate activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with associated glucocorticoid (e.g.&#160;cortisol) release. While CPT has been used in a wide range of studies, it can be impractical to apply in some research environments. For example use of water during, rather than prior to, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to damage sensitive and expensive equipment or interfere with acquisition of MRI signal. The CPAW is a practical and effective alternative to the traditional CPT. Composed of a versatile list of inexpensive and easily acquired components, CPAW makes use of MRI-safe gelpacs cooled to a temperature similar to CPT rather than actual water. Importantly CPAW is associated with levels of SAM and HPA activation comparable to CPT, and can easily be applied in a variety of research contexts. While it is important to maintain specific safety protocols when using the technique, these are easy to implement if planned for. Creation and use of the CPAW will be discussed.

The cold pressor test is a classic stress induction task used in a wide range of research examining the relationship between stress and cognition, emotion, and behavior. In this article, a practical and versatile alternative to the traditional cold pressor test is presented: the cold pressor arm wrap.

传统冷压机测试的替代方案：冷压机臂包装

Recently research on the relationship between stress and cognition, emotion, and behavior has greatly increased. These advances have yielded insights into ...

科研

行为学

Mindfulness in Motion (MIM): An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

A pragmatic mindfulness intervention to benefit personnel working in chronically high-stress environments, delivered onsite during the workday, is timely and valuable to employee and employer alike. Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) is a Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) offered as a modified, less time intensive method (compared to Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction), delivered onsite, during work, and intends to enable busy working adults to experience the benefits of mindfulness. It teaches mindful awareness principles, rehearses mindfulness as a group, emphasizes the use of gentle yoga stretches, and utilizes relaxing music in the background of both the group sessions and individual mindfulness practice. MIM is delivered in a group format, for 1 hr/week/8 weeks. CDs and a DVD are provided to facilitate individual practice. The yoga movement is emphasized in the protocol to facilitate a quieting of the mind. The music is included for participants to associate the relaxed state experienced in the group session with their individual practice. To determine the intervention feasibility/efficacy we conducted a randomized wait-list control group in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). ICUs represent a high-stress work environment where personnel experience chronic exposure to catastrophic situations as they care for seriously injured/ill patients. Despite high levels of work-related stress, few interventions have been developed and delivered onsite for such environments. The intervention is delivered on site in the ICU, during work hours, with participants receiving time release to attend sessions. The intervention is well received with 97% retention rate. Work engagement and resiliency increase significantly in the intervention group, compared to the wait-list control group, while participant respiration rates decrease significantly pre-post in 6/8 of the weekly sessions. Participants value institutional support, relaxing music, and the instructor as pivotal to program success. This provides evidence that MIM is feasible, well accepted, and can be effectively implemented in a chronically high-stress work environment.

Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

The Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) protocol offers a pragmatic Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) on-site, for persons working in chronically high-stress work environments that significantly increases resiliency and work engagement. The protocol has proven feasible, beneficial, and is easily adaptable to other high-stress workplaces.

正念的运动 （MIM）:一种基于现场干预正念（MBI）用于长期的高压力的工作环境，以增加弹性和工作投入

A pragmatic mindfulness intervention to benefit personnel working in chronically high-stress environments, delivered onsite during the workday, is timely ...

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

This article demonstrates a psychological stress protocol for use in a laboratory setting. Protocols that allow researchers to study the biological pathways of the stress response in health and disease are fundamental to the progress of research in stress and anxiety.1 Although numerous protocols exist for inducing stress response in the laboratory, many neglect to provide a naturalistic context or to incorporate aspects of social and psychological stress. Of psychological stress protocols, meta-analysis suggests that the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is the most useful and appropriate standardized protocol for studies of stress hormone reactivity.2 In the original description of the TSST, researchers sought to design and evaluate a procedure capable of inducing a reliable stress response in the majority of healthy volunteers.3 These researchers found elevations in heart rate, blood pressure and several endocrine stress markers in response to the TSST (a psychological stressor) compared to a saline injection (a physical stressor).3 Although the TSST has been modified to meet the needs of various research groups, it generally consists of a waiting period upon arrival, anticipatory speech preparation, speech performance, and verbal arithmetic performance periods, followed by one or more recovery periods. The TSST requires participants to prepare and deliver a speech, and verbally respond to a challenging arithmetic problem in the presence of a socially evaluative audience.3 Social evaluation and uncontrollability have been identified as key components of stress induction by the TSST.4 In use for over a decade, the goal of the TSST is to systematically induce a stress response in order to measure differences in reactivity, anxiety and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) or sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis during the task.1 Researchers generally assess changes in self-reported anxiety, physiological measures (e.g. heart rate), and/or neuroendocrine indices (e.g. the stress hormone cortisol) in response to the TSST. Many investigators have adopted salivary sampling for stress markers such as cortisol and alpha-amylase (a marker of autonomic nervous system activation) as an alternative to blood sampling to reduce the confounding stress of blood-collection techniques. In addition to changes experienced by an individual completing the TSST, researchers can compare changes between different treatment groups (e.g. clinical versus healthy control samples) or the effectiveness of stress-reducing interventions.1

This article describes a protocol for inducing psychological stress in participants, which enables researchers to measure psychological, physiological and neuroendocrine responses to stress within single participants or between groups.

特里尔社会压力诱发心理应激的测试协议

This article demonstrates a psychological stress protocol for use in a laboratory setting.  Protocols that allow researchers to study the biological ...

医学

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is a well validated and widely used social stressor that has been shown to induce a 2-4 fold increase in cortisol, the biological output produced by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in humans. While studies have explored how modifications to the TSST influence stress responsivity, few studies have created a modified TSST appropriate for vulnerable youth that elicits a significant cortisol stress response. Thus, the current study sought to modify or adjust the TSST in a culturally sensitive way for a vulnerable sample of 14 year-old adolescents. The present study took place within the context of a longitudinal birth cohort study of Mexican American families in California called the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS). The CHAMACOS sample was optimal to test the effectiveness of a modified culturally appropriate TSST, as it is comprised of Mexican American youth, who are often excluded from research. These youths also have experienced significant early life adversity. Example modifications included timed prompts, alternative math tasks, use of same-ethnicity peers as confederates, debriefing immediately after the conclusion of the TSST, and using an unknown youth examiner to administer the debrief. Saliva samples were collected at baseline (after a resting phase), and then again at 15, 30, and 45 min post-TSST onset to assess cortisol concentration. A pilot study of 50 participants (50% female) have been analyzed for cortisol reaction to the TSST. Results confirmed that this modified version of the TSST was successful at eliciting a significant cortisol reaction, with a wide range of variability likely due to individual differences. Goals for modifications and ethnicity considerations are discussed. This study provides the foundation for future research to utilize a modified TSST with vulnerable youth.

Here, we present a protocol that provoked cortisol reactivity in a vulnerable adolescent Mexican American sample utilizing a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Saliva samples were collected at baseline, 15, 30, and 45 min post-TSST onset. Future research could utilize this modified TSST with vulnerable youth.

易受伤害的墨西哥美国青少年的改良特里尔社会压力测试

The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is a well validated and widely used social stressor that has been shown to induce a 2-4 fold increase in cortisol, the ...

发育生物学

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Car driving is a daily activity for many individuals in modern societies. Drivers often listen to music while driving. The method presented here investigates how listening to music influences driving behaviors. A driving simulation was selected because it offers both a well-controlled environment and a good level of ecological validity. Driving behaviors were assessed through a car-following task. In practice, participants were instructed to follow a lead vehicle as they would do in real life. The lead vehicle speed changed over time requiring constant speed adjustments for the participants. The inter-vehicular time was used to assess driving behaviors. To complement the driving behaviors, the subjective mood and physiological level of arousal were also collected. As such, the results collected using this method offer insights on both the human internal state (i.e., subjective mood and physiological arousal) and driving behaviors in the car following task.

Here, we present a protocol to assess driving behaviors while following a vehicle in a simulated driving environment. The presented protocol is used to compare the impact of different auditory backgrounds on driving behaviors.

影响下的驾驶: 音乐听力对驾驶行为的影响

Car driving is a daily activity for many individuals in modern societies. Drivers often listen to music while driving. The method presented here ...

Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature

Visitation to natural environments has been linked to psychological stress reduction. Although most stress-related research has relied on self-report formats, a growing number of studies now incorporate biological stress-related hormones and catalysts, such as cortisol and &#945;-amylase, to measure levels of stress. Presented here is a protocol to examine the effects on levels of biophysical and psychological stress following visitation to three different locations with differing levels of nature. Biophysical and self-reported psychological stress levels are measured immediately upon entering the selected locations and just prior to the visitors leaving the site. Using a &#34;drool&#34;&#160;method, the biophysical measure consists of 1-2 mL samples of saliva provided by study subjects upon entry to one of three study locations. As prescribed by extant literature, the saliva is collected within a 45 minute time frame following the end of the visitor&#8217;s engagement at the location. Following saliva collection, the samples are labeled and transported to a biological lab. Cortisol is the biophysical variable of interest in this study and measured using an ELISA process with a TECAN plate reader. To measure self-reported stress, the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), which reports levels of worry, tension, joy, and perceived demands. Data are collected at all three sites in the late afternoon through early evening. When compared across all three settings, stress levels, as measured by both the biological markers and self-reports, are significantly lower after visitation to the most natural setting.

The purpose of this paper is to identify changes in stress levels after visitation to three different settings and to describe the methods used in identifying stress levels based on measures of salivary cortisol, &#945;-amylase, and a psychological self-report instrument.&#160;

测量对三个自然水平不同的地点进行访问后的生物物理和心理压力水平

Visitation to natural environments has been linked to psychological stress reduction. Although most stress-related research has relied on self-report ...

Psychophysiological Stress Assessment Using Biofeedback 

In the last half century, research in biofeedback has shown the extent to which the human mind can influence the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, previously thought to be outside of conscious control. By letting people observe signals from their own bodies, biofeedback enables them to develop greater awareness of their physiological and psychological reactions, such as stress, and to learn to modify these reactions. Biofeedback practitioners can facilitate this process by assessing people s reactions to mildly stressful events and formulating a biofeedback-based treatment plan. During stress assessment the practitioner first records a baseline for physiological readings, and then presents the client with several mild stressors, such as a cognitive, physical and emotional stressor. Variety of stressors is presented in order to determine a person's stimulus-response specificity, or differences in each person's reaction to qualitatively different stimuli. This video will demonstrate the process of psychophysiological stress assessment using biofeedback and present general guidelines for treatment planning.

Psychophysiological Stress Assessment Using Biofeedback

In this video we will describe one method of assessing person's psychophysiological reaction to stress using biofeedback. We will also present general guidelines for treatment planning.

使用生物反馈的心理生理压力评估

In the last half century, research in biofeedback has shown the extent to which the human mind can influence the functioning of the autonomic nervous ...

生物学

Modeling Social Stress

Stress negatively affects our quality of life. In particular, some individuals experience social stress when placed in a social environment that they are unfamiliar with or have difficulty adjusting to. Since it is hard to examine mechanisms of social stress in humans, modeling this condition in animals may help scientist in developing new therapies for treating this commonly encountered problem.
This science education video begins by discussing the known anatomy and physiology behind stress response. Then, we explain a well-established paradigm for modeling social stress in rodents, the Resident-Intruder task. In the applications section, we review some example studies in which response to stress is measured.

Physiology of Stress; Social Stress- Resident-Intruder Task

社会压力的模型建模

Stress negatively affects our quality of life. In particular, some individuals experience social stress when placed in a social environment that they are ...

教育

JoVE Science Education

心理学

行为科学

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and decision-making, and individuals often lose their sense of humor. Behaviorally, it can lead to overeating or increased emotional reactivity, such as crying. A particularly severe stressor, known as a traumatic event, can have long-term psychological and health consequences.
Stress can be categorized into two types: distress and eustress. Distress arises from unpleasant stressors, such as job loss and relationship conflicts. At the same time, eustress stems from positive events that require adaptation, such as marriage, a job promotion, or the birth of a child. Even though these events are often seen as positive, they can still cause stress due to the significant lifestyle changes they demand. For example, while the birth of a baby is a joyous event, it can also lead to concerns about the child&#39;s health, contributing to stress. Research indicates that women who are highly anxious or experience negative life events during pregnancy have an increased risk of premature delivery compared to those with lower stress levels.
Researchers approach stress in three complementary ways:
<ol>
	<li>Stress as stimulus: This focuses on identifying external stressors, such as life events like job loss or illness, that cause stress.</li>
	<li>Stress as a response: This examines the psychological and physical reactions individuals have to stress, including emotional and physiological responses like anxiety or elevated heart rate.</li>
	<li>Stress as a transaction: This approach looks at the dynamic interaction between stressful events and how individuals perceive, evaluate, and cope with them, emphasizing personal interpretation and coping mechanisms.</li>
</ol>
The study of stress often involves examining the outcomes of exposure to stressful stimuli, whether in laboratory settings or real-world scenarios. Scientists measure variables such as emotional responses (e.g., depression and hostility) and physiological markers, including elevated heart rates and the release of corticosteroids. Interestingly, highly stressful events, such as natural disasters, can sometimes lead to posttraumatic growth, where individuals report personal growth and positive change following adversity. Stress responses are highly individual, with people reacting differently to the same life events depending on how they interpret and cope with them.

Stress refers to the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to events perceived as threatening or challenging.
Physically, it can cause ...

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Types of Stressors

A stressor is any event, condition, or stimulus that triggers stress and causes a physical or psychological response in the body. Stressors can be categorized into three main types: catastrophes; significant life changes; and daily hassles, including social stress. Each can be detrimental to physical and mental well-being.
Catastrophes 
Catastrophes refer to large-scale, unpredictable events that create overwhelming stress and a sense of threat. Examples include natural disasters like earthquakes, tornadoes, and hurricanes, as well as human-made disasters such as wars. These events not only cause immediate physical harm but also result in long-lasting emotional and psychological damage. For individuals displaced by catastrophes, such as those forced to emigrate, the stress is compounded by the challenges of adjusting to a new cultural environment, which may involve language barriers, climate adaptation, and social integration issues.
Significant Life Changes 
Major life transitions also contribute significantly to stress. Events such as marriage, divorce, job loss, or the death of a loved one demand substantial emotional adjustment. Even positive changes can be sources of stress; graduating or moving to a new city can be sources of stress, as they often require new routines, responsibilities, and adaptations. Coping with these changes plays a central role in the stress experience, as they disrupt an individual&#39;s normal state of equilibrium.
Daily Hassles and Social Stress 
While major events contribute to long-term stress, daily hassles often have a more immediate impact. Minor frustrations &#8212; traffic jams, social media overload, or interpersonal conflicts &#8212; may seem trivial but can accumulate to affect overall health. Daily stressors are closely linked to short-term ailments such as headaches, colds, and muscle tension, reflecting their direct impact on well-being.
Likewise, social stress, arising from frequent social interactions and constant social media notifications, can amplify daily frustrations and negatively impact overall well-being. This type of stress is linked to the pressure to respond, keep up with information, and manage relationships online, which can lead to feelings of anxiety, overwhelm, and mental fatigue. Over time, this continuous exposure to social demands can contribute to stress-related issues like burnout, sleep problems, and lower emotional resilience.

Stressors refer to events that cause stress and can be grouped into three main categories: catastrophes, significant life changes, and daily hassles, ...

评估音乐的影响听力在日常生活Psychobiological压力

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

传统冷压机测试的替代方案：冷压机臂包装

正念的运动（MIM）:一种基于现场干预正念（MBI）用于长期的高压力的工作环境，以增加弹性和工作投入

特里尔社会压力诱发心理应激的测试协议

易受伤害的墨西哥美国青少年的改良特里尔社会压力测试

影响下的驾驶: 音乐听力对驾驶行为的影响

测量对三个自然水平不同的地点进行访问后的生物物理和心理压力水平

使用生物反馈的心理生理压力评估

社会压力的模型建模

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Types of Stressors

评估音乐的影响听力在日常生活Psychobiological压力

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

传统冷压机测试的替代方案：冷压机臂包装

正念的运动 （MIM）:一种基于现场干预正念（MBI）用于长期的高压力的工作环境，以增加弹性和工作投入

特里尔社会压力诱发心理应激的测试协议

易受伤害的墨西哥美国青少年的改良特里尔社会压力测试

影响下的驾驶: 音乐听力对驾驶行为的影响

测量对三个自然水平不同的地点进行访问后的生物物理和心理压力水平

使用生物反馈的心理生理压力评估

社会压力的模型建模

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Types of Stressors

正念的运动（MIM）:一种基于现场干预正念（MBI）用于长期的高压力的工作环境，以增加弹性和工作投入