作者想感谢 Dr. Harpreet Dhanoa 对呼吸和冥想计划的设计的慷慨的洞察力, 以便它是安全的, 治疗性的和有压力的管理问题的个人。
KC, RC, 和约翰构思的项目。RC 和 KC 进行了文献检索、研究选择和数据抽取。所有的作者都参与了手稿的开发, 并为最终版本提供了投入。

该议定书得到了机构审查委员会 (IRB) 的批准, 所有与会者都签署了一份知情同意书。简单地说, 十二健康, 正常, 不吸烟的主题 (五男性, 七妇女) 年龄在31和65岁之间 (平均年龄 = 44 ±12年) 自愿参加这项研究。布朗和 Gerbarg 的3研究了不同年龄段 (14-85 岁) 的人在焦虑、创伤后应激障碍、整体健康和生活方式管理方面的冥想和类似的呼吸技术。
1. 参与者选择
<ol><li>对所有参与者执行以下操作: 电话屏蔽、基线访问 (主页)、4周干预期和端点访问 (与基线访问相同或类似的设置)。<ol>
<li>与感兴趣的志愿者安排电话放映。在电话中, 通过询问有关病史和药物的问题来确定资格。</li>
		<li>为有资格和感兴趣的志愿者 (家庭或类似设置) 安排基线访问。在访问前提交同意表格供审阅。 注: 在文献中很好地描述了人类在实验室中进行的研究可以与环境和认知压力有关, 因为他们的意识被观察到 (例如, 霍桑效应)。基于家庭的协议的主要优点之一是能够将外部环境 (如临床或实验室设置) 对生理措施的潜在影响降到最低。此外, 调查人员可以将研究协议扩展到基于社区的干预措施, 而不必要求参与者进入实验室。</li>
		<li>在参加者签署同意书前, 以书面和口头方式到达家庭或预先干预的设置, 并说明研究的目的、程序、风险和不适、利益、保密和责任。</li>
		<li>确认包含和排除标准。</li>
		<li>让参与者完成对正念10的主观调查表。为参与者配备生理设备。</li>
		<li>记录基线测量10分钟, 在一个舒适的坐姿, 在最初的干预后10分钟, 在4周的干预后10分钟基线, 和10分钟后, 个人完成呼吸和冥想协议。 注意: 数据收集设置在给定的个人中具有相同的前和后干预。10分钟的数据记录周期被储存起来作进一步分析, 并报告为10分钟的平均值。</li>
		<li>在完成同意的程序后, 立即传授三呼吸技术, 紧接着是收听20分钟引导松弛3、11、12的录制前音频。重复四次以建立基线。</li>
		<li>只报告最后的呼吸和冥想协议数据作为最初的干预时间点。给所有参与者一个紧凑的光盘 (CD) 与呼吸技术指令和20分钟引导放松音频。</li>
		<li>为每人提供四周自我指导的每日呼吸技术的详细说明, 并指示他或她完成呼吸练习, 以及20分钟的引导放松, 每天早上四周。</li>
		<li>让研究小组的成员与每个人一起跟进, 以确保该协议被遵循并协助处理任何教学问题。</li>
		<li>在4周的干预期之后, 返回到参与者的家中完成端点访问, 以与基线访问相同的方式进行。另外, 让参加者完成39项五方面的正念问卷。 注: 本文的目的是描述呼吸协议的方法和在非实验室环境中使用生理监测。本文所描述的基于呼吸的冥想压力管理协议和生理监测装置的研究人员可能需要使用一个控制组来实现内部有效性。以前的研究检查冥想和控制呼吸的好处, 利用了各种控制组, 如时间匹配的有氧运动, 其他冥想的做法, 生物反馈技术, 严重的游戏和指导冥想瑜伽套路, 没有干预的时间控制。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. 研究级无线脑电图 (eeg) 系统的设置
<ol><li>要导出、评估和分析数据, 请向参与者提供/装备带有串行端口的个人笔记本电脑。<ol>
<li>设置一个脑电图控制面板, 允许用户监控耳机脑电图的状态和特征, 包括面部表情和情绪13。数据收集将实时进行, 而主题佩戴 EEG 耳机。</li>
		<li>在开始记录 eeg 数据之前, 打开 eeg 耳机, 确保电池完全充电。现在可以为用户设置该设备。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>在记录 EEG 会话之前, 请执行以下步骤。<ol>
<li>水合物的十二传感器。组装耳机。用0.5% 盐水溶液彻底浸透毡垫。当耳机放在头皮上时, 垫子会感到湿。</li>
		<li>戴上耳机将耳机放在用户头上, 确保 EEG 电极与操作者的头皮进行良好的接触 (定义为低于五ω)。调整耳机, 直到每个传感器的阻抗低于五ω。</li>
		<li>将参考传感器定位到耳朵后面的皮肤上。重要的是, 参考传感器与耳后的皮肤接触, 传感器阻抗低于五ω。</li>
		<li>将转换器插入设备的 USB 端口。当耳机配对时, 指示灯应迅速闪烁。如果不是这种情况, 请重新插入转换器并重试。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>在笔记本电脑上启动软件。</li>
	<li>打开耳机。电源开关在耳机的背面。指示灯指示耳机何时亮起。</li>
	<li>通过检查控制面板上的引擎状态来验证信号质量。 注: 由于 EEG 数据被记录, 可以利用软件平台对情绪状态和面部表情进行额外的研究质量分析13,14,15。</li>
</ol>3. 启用蓝牙的脉冲血的设置
<ol><li>捕获和记录脉冲氧使用脉冲血, 连接到一个右或左无名指, 这是激活时, 连接。<ol>
<li>确保志愿者处于直立状态, 双脚都在地板上。将手与脉搏血舒适地放在大腿上。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>暴露脉冲血传感器的内部, 并插入一个非显性的手指。定位手指, 使指尖接近传感器的末端。轻轻地关闭设备, 使手指与传感器垫接触。 注: 一旦便携式脉冲血在手指上闭合, 设备应显示心率 (HR)、呼吸速率 (RR)、灌注指数 (PI) 和微分变异性指数 (元)16,17。HR、RR、PI 和元显示在脉冲血设备上, 可以通过蓝牙在智能平板电脑或计算机上显示。</li>
</ol>4. 概述五小平面正念调查表
注: 此调查表可用于管理10的纸张和电子格式。本文的表格载于附录 A。五方面的每一个都基于从1到5的正念尺度。没有得分为铭记或不铭记;而是从低到高的连续统一体。每一个与正念的五面相关的分量都在下面。
<ol><li>观察保持和存在的能力, 不要全神贯注于从1到5的身体感觉、感觉和思想, 五是完成这项任务最容易的, 也是完成这项任务最困难的。</li>
	<li>评估的能力, 定义的情绪和期望, 过去或现在的规模从1到 5, 五是最容易完成这项任务, 一个是最难完成这项任务。</li>
	<li>评估在身体上或精神上不受干扰的情况下保持现状的能力, 从1到 5, 五是完成这项任务最容易的, 也是完成这项任务最困难的。</li>
	<li>评估是否有能力继续成见过去的经验或试图认知地批评目前的经验, 从1到5的规模, 五是最容易完成这项任务, 一个是最难完成这项任务。</li>
	<li>评估的能力, 认识到存在的情绪和想法, 而不响应他们的身体或精神, 从1到5的规模, 五是最容易完成这项任务, 一个是最难完成这项任务。</li>
</ol>5. 交替鼻孔呼吸协议 (5 分钟)
<ol><li>舒适地坐在脊柱上, 左膝和眼睛紧闭。</li>
	<li>把右手放在脸上。把食指和中指放在眉毛之间。把戒指和小手指轻轻地放在左鼻孔, 把拇指放在右鼻孔上。</li>
	<li>深呼吸一下</li>
	<li>按下右鼻孔的拇指, 关闭它, 并通过左呼气。从鼻子的左侧吸气。</li>
	<li>之后, 通过用无名指按压鼻孔, 关闭鼻子的一侧。松开拇指, 从右侧呼气。然后, 用右鼻孔吸气。</li>
	<li>重复 5.4-5.5, 连续交替吸入和呼, 5 分钟。</li>
	<li>认识到情绪和思想的存在, 而不以身体或精神的方式回应他们, 继续把你的注意力放在进入和离开鼻子的空气中。</li>
</ol>6. 胜利呼吸协议 (5 分钟)
<ol><li>舒适地坐在脊柱直立。</li>
	<li>慢慢地深呼吸。</li>
	<li>闭上嘴巴, 用鼻子呼气, 掐住喉咙的背部。这种轻微的喉咙收缩会对空气的通道产生阻力。</li>
	<li>轻轻地吸气, 使呼吸与压迫喉咙的背部产生阻力。</li>
	<li>轻轻地吸入和呼气, 慢慢地, 深深地反对这个收缩在喉咙后面创造一个舒缓的声音像海浪上升和下落。</li>
	<li>继续这个呼吸循环5分钟, 而坐在坐姿。</li>
	<li>认识到情绪和思想的存在, 而不是对他们的身体或精神反应, 继续把你的注意力放在进入和退出鼻子的空气中。</li>
</ol>7. 波纹管呼吸协议 (5 分钟)
<ol><li>坐得高高的, 肩膀放松。</li>
	<li>通过鼻子慢慢地深呼吸。</li>
	<li>闭着眼睛吸气, 从鼻子里出来。</li>
	<li>弯曲手臂, 使肘部靠近肋骨和松散的拳头靠近肩膀。</li>
	<li>主动吸气, 张开拳头时抬起头顶的手臂。</li>
	<li>用有力的呼气, 使手臂向下, 使肘部靠近肋骨和双拳的肩膀。</li>
	<li>重复步骤7.1 到 7.3, 连续15到20次, 使一组。</li>
	<li>做3套以暂停10到十五年代在每个集合之间。</li>
</ol>8. 导弛松弛体扫描 (8-10 分钟)
注: 将这些说明读给与会者: "这种引导式放松的目的是使人们注意到身体的不同部位, 并有助于提高身体各部位对身体感觉的认识。提请注意身体的各个区域训练头脑更细心的这些感受。
<ol><li>坐在舒适的椅子或地板上, 15 秒后闭上眼睛。确保环境是安全的, 安静的, 没有干扰的。</li>
	<li>观察大脑和身体现在的感觉。观察身体的任何感觉或思想中的任何想法。继续注意身体是如何感觉和观察任何想法在头脑。</li>
	<li>开始扫描身体: 闭上眼睛, 精神上扫描身体。记得深呼吸, 让它周期性地去做。认识到情绪和思想的存在, 而不是对他们的身体或精神反应, 继续把你的注意力放在进入和退出鼻子的空气中。<ol>
<li>用右脚开始扫描;移动到右腿和右臀部。用左脚、腿和臀部重复扫描。慢慢地穿过身体的每一部分。再次重复此操作, 从右侧开始, 向左移动。</li>
		<li>继续扫描身体慢慢地移动到胃, 身体的左方面, 身体的右边, 上部到下背部和最后对胸口, 从脖子开始和移动下来到胃。</li>
		<li>继续在精神上扫描左手、左臂和左肩;继续检查右手、右臂和右肩。</li>
		<li>慢慢地扫描头部, 从脸开始, 移动到颈部, 后脑勺, 和头顶。</li>
		<li>观察身体的任何紧张状态, 并将精神注意力带到该区域并重新扫描。</li>
		<li>最后, 在睁开眼睛之前, 花一点时间观察一下思想、感觉和感觉。现在对身体扫描有什么想法？尽量不要判断扫描;只要观察呼吸和身体。</li>
		<li>最后一口气, 坚持4秒, 让它去。现在慢慢睁开眼睛。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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E., Roberts, S. M., Moser, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deconstructing+the+Emotion+Regulatory+Properties+of+Mindfulness:+An+Electrophysiological+Investigation.">Deconstructing the Emotion Regulatory Properties of Mindfulness: An Electrophysiological Investigation.</a> Front Hum Neurosci. 10, (2016).</li><li>Poh, P. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Respiratory+pump+contributes+to+increased+physiological+reserve+for+compensation+during+simulated+haemorrhage.">Respiratory pump contributes to increased physiological reserve for compensation during simulated haemorrhage.</a> Exp Physiol. 99 (10), 1421-1426 (2014).</li></ol>

作者声明他们没有竞争利益。

穿戴技术的演变和它准确地跟踪生理反应的能力可以革命性的日常管理的压力和监测的物理和认知性能在一系列的干预措施18。已经有许多临床应用涉及压力干预, 包括但不限于血压, 心率, 运动或活动预测。这些技术通过诸如微分变异性指数 (元) 和补偿性储备指数等机器学习算法不断改进, 可扩展到任何研究或社区干预的学术研究领域19. 然而, 无线传感技术必?...

虽然压力是生活中不可避免的和持久的组成部分, 对物理和情感刺激的管理的替代方法被认为是1,2,3,4。不间断的压力与糖尿病、肥胖、心脏和脑血管疾病等慢性病的早期发病和发展有关4,5。近年来, 越来越多的美国人报告压力对他们的身心健康有负面影响6, 而且相当比例的人没有感觉到他们在管理他们的压力方面做得够多了.7。此外, 最近的一项研究表明, 当个人认为压力会对他们的身体健康产生负面影响时, 过早死亡的风险就会升高8。
传统上, 公共卫生和医务专业人员把精力集中在体力活动上, 以此作为管理压力的手段。然而, 美国的大部分人口发展不良的生活方式习惯 (即, 吸烟或过量饮酒) 或不健康的行为 (即, 不良的饮食模式), 由于压力的生活方式。目前, 越来越多的美国人意识到有可能使用各种形式的瑜伽和呼吸练习来进行压力管理4,6,9。然而, 由于缺乏科学验证, 文化拨款, 和必要的物理环境 (即, 瑜伽工作室), 美国人口的很大一部分没有考虑这些替代方法的压力管理6。
为了提供整体的压力管理技术, 如瑜伽呼吸和引导的放松, 以更广泛的观众, 一个协议是开发和交付给一小部分人在非实验室设置。以前的研究表明, 交替鼻孔呼吸的技术可以有效地提供更轻松的心境和身体4。
直到最近, 科学研究的复杂的生理测量, 如大脑活动, 呼吸和组织灌注仅限于实验室设置, 因此研究依赖于不太复杂的措施, 如动态动脉血压(总部基地), 呼吸率 (RR), 心率 (HR)。然而, 随着更科学准确, 可穿戴设备的发展, 对压力管理干预措施的生理反应可以在非实验室环境中进行研究。
该项目的目标是创建一个可访问的, 成本低廉的压力管理程序, 是可实验室和非实验室设置。此外, 本文还提供了一种基于证据的方法来调查在非实验室环境中的压力管理协议期间的生理反应, 同时利用商用可穿戴设备。
建议允许调查人员研究更好的压力管理干预措施, 以及系统地设置和利用便携式脑电图系统, 这很容易适应各种环境。指定了复制程序所需的详细信息。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Epoc+ 14 channel wireless EEG</td><td>Emotiv Systems</td><td></td><td>Assemble the headset. Fully saturate the felt pads using 0.5% saline solution. When the headset is placed on the scalp, the pads should feel wet. Measurements: Brain Waves, Facial Expression, Mental Command</td></tr><tr><td>Fingertip Pulse Oximeter with Bluetooth and Pleth Variability Index</td><td>Masimo Mighty Sat with PVI</td><td></td><td>Measurements: Pulse Rate, Oxygen Saturation, Perfusion Index, Pleth Variability Index (PVI)</td></tr><tr><td>The 39-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire</td><td>A psychometric instrument used to assess five facets of mindfulness</td><td></td><td>Questionnaire available in electronic and pencil and paper versions. Measurements: Mood, cognition function</td></tr></tbody></table>

a community-based stress management program: using wearable devices to assess whole body physiological responses in non-laboratory settings

以务实的呼吸为基础的干预, 有利于人类的表现和压力管理, 是及时和宝贵的个人寻求整体的方式, 情绪调节和优化补偿储备机制。该协议的目的不仅是教导身心意识, 而且还提供反馈利用生理数据和调查结果。这项研究的主要结果表明, 在四周的呼吸基础上的冥想压力协议后, 心脏的相干性和α变量之间有显著的相关性。冥想和有节律的呼吸导致阿尔法脑活动的显著增加。这些大脑生理反应符合微分变异性指数 (元) 的变化, 表明人体进入冥想状态和有效地管理压力的能力。在每天练习了四周的压力管理协议中所使用的技术后, 根据五方面的正念问卷进行评估, 在应用正念技能方面有了改进。在4周的干预期后, 整体正念评分、微分变异性指数 (元) 和灌注指数 (PI) 增加。脑电图 (脑电波) 的结果与在后研究后续会议期间的冥想状态是一致的。这提供了证据, 可穿戴的设备是可行的数据收集在呼吸为基础的压力管理干预。这一协议可以很容易和有效地实施到任何研究设计, 其中生理数据是需要在一个非实验室的基础设置。

这项研究的主要结果表明, 心脏的相干性和α变量是显著相关后, 主要终点, 基线后四周, 和终点后四周的呼吸为基础的冥想压力协议, 但不在基线测量期间 (图 1)。根据这些研究结果, 结论是, 该议定书产生了与冥想状态一致的阿尔法脑活动的显著增加。这些脑部生理变化与元变化 (图 2) 一致, 表明人体进入冥想状态并有效地管理?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings at JoVE.com

A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings

压力是生活中不可避免和持久的组成部分, 其管理的整体方法正在考虑之中。建立了一个标准化的方法, 以证明基于呼吸的压力管理协议的可行性, 可用于商业上可用的便携式技术。

基于社区的压力管理计划: 在非实验室环境中使用可穿戴设备评估全身生理反应

A pragmatic breath-based intervention to benefit human performance and stress management is timely and valuable to individuals seeking holistic approaches ...

a-community-based-stress-management-program-using-wearable-devices-to

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

7.6K 次观看.  The University of Texas Health Science Center. 压力是生活中不可避免和持久的组成部分, 其管理的整体方法正在考虑之中。建立了一个标准化的方法, 以证明基于呼吸的压力管理协议的可行性, 可用于商业上可用的便携式技术。

视频: A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Exposure to chronic stress is a reliable predictor of depressive disorders, and social stress is a common ethologically relevant stressor in both animals and humans. However, many animal models of depression were developed in males and are not applicable or effective in studies of postpartum females. Recent studies have reported significant effects of chronic social stress during lactation, an ethologically relevant and effective stressor, on maternal behavior, growth, and behavioral neuroendocrinology. This manuscript will describe this chronic social stress paradigm using repeated exposure of a lactating dam to a novel male intruder, and the assessment of the behavioral, physiological, and neuroendocrine effects of this model. Chronic social stress (CSS) is a valuable model for studying the effects of stress on the behavior and physiology of the dam as well as her offspring and future generations. The exposure of pups to CSS can also be used as an early life stress that has long term effects on behavior, physiology, and neuroendocrinology.

This article describes the use of chronic resident intruder social stress as an ethologically relevant paradigm to model postpartum depression and anxiety in lactating rodents.

哺乳期鼠害使用慢性社会压力型号产后抑郁症

Exposure to chronic stress is a reliable predictor of depressive disorders, and social stress is a common ethologically relevant stressor in both animals ...

科研

行为学

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Typically, self-reports are used in educational research to assess student response and performance to a classroom activity. Yet, addition of biological and physiological measures such as salivary biomarkers and galvanic skin responses are rarely included, limiting the wealth of information that can be obtained to better understand student performance. A laboratory protocol to study undergraduate students&#39; responses to classroom events (e.g., exams) is presented. Participants were asked to complete a representative exam for their degree. Before and after the laboratory exam session, students completed an academic achievement emotions self-report and an interview that paralleled these questions when participants wore a galvanic skin sensor and salivary biomarkers were collected. Data collected from the three methods resulted in greater depth of information about students&#39; performance when compared to the self-report. The work can expand educational research capabilities through more comprehensive methods for obtaining nearer to real-time student responses to an examination activity.

Research on undergraduate students' academic achievement emotions have primarily relied on self-reports in laboratory settings. Studies rarely include bio-physiological measures to these self-reports. This protocol will describe a methodology that integrates self-reports with and bio-physiological measures to assess student response and performance during a laboratory examination activity.

皮肤电反应，唾液生物标志物和自我报告的用来评估本科生性能在一个实验室考试活动

Typically, self-reports are used in educational research to assess student response and performance to a classroom activity. Yet, addition of biological ...

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

An end-to-end suite of technologies has been established for the unobtrusive and continuous monitoring of health and activity changes occurring in the daily life of older adults over extended periods of time. The technology is aggregated into a system that incorporates the principles of being minimally obtrusive, while generating secure, privacy protected, continuous objective data in real-world (home-based) settings for months to years. The system includes passive infrared presence sensors placed throughout the home, door contact sensors installed on exterior doors, connected physiological monitoring devices (such as scales), medication boxes, and wearable actigraphs. Driving sensors are also installed in participants' cars and computer (PC, tablet or smartphone) use is tracked. Data is annotated via frequent online self-report options that provide vital information with regard to the data that is difficult to infer via sensors such as internal states (e.g., pain, mood, loneliness), as well as data referent to activity pattern interpretation (e.g., visitors, rearranged furniture). Algorithms have been developed using the data obtained to identify functional domains key to health or disease activity monitoring, including mobility (e.g., room transitions, steps, gait speed), physiologic function (e.g., weight, body mass index, pulse), sleep behaviors (e.g., sleep time, trips to the bathroom at night), medication adherence (e.g., missed doses), social engagement (e.g., time spent out of home, time couples spend together), and cognitive function (e.g., time on computer, mouse movements, characteristics of online form completion, driving ability). Change detection of these functions provides a sensitive marker for the application in health surveillance of acute illnesses (e.g., viral epidemic) to the early detection of prodromal dementia syndromes. The system is particularly suitable for monitoring the efficacy of clinical interventions in natural history studies of geriatric syndromes and in clinical trials.

Unobtrusive sensors and pervasive computing technology incorporated into the daily home life of older adults enables meaningful health and activity changes to be recorded continuously for months to years, providing ecologically valid, high frequency, multi-domain data for research or clinical use.

建立社区范围的生命实验室以捕获不显眼和持续的远程活动和健康数据的方法

An end-to-end suite of technologies has been established for the unobtrusive and continuous monitoring of health and activity changes occurring in the ...

A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Despite the evidence that cardiac rehabilitation (CR) reduces the risk of recurrent cardiac events, only a minority of eligible patients are willing to join existing programs at cardiac rehabilitation centers. The unique remote patient monitoring system presented here enables healthcare providers to monitor CR patients at home in real-time and at low cost. The system combines mobile technology, artificial intelligence, and supportive services, expanding the delivery of medical care to the patient&#39;s home. The primary aim of the study is to increase the long-term adherence to physical activity in patients who participate in CR via the addition of a home-based digitally monitored CR component to the standard CR program in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), with the idea of forming new habitual health behaviors and increasing the long-term motivation for physical exercise (PE) habits at home. Secondary aims are to assess the program&#39;s impact on the physical activity level measured by average steps per day, minutes of exercise per week, blood pressure, metabolic parameters, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as a quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire.The study has two arms: (1) home-based monitored exercise using a smart digital garment and wristband, in addition to motivation and reinforcement via text messages; (2) standard CR facility-based exercise. The study design is a randomized, controlled trial comparing standard CR to a home-based monitoring and reinforcement program. The study program is designed for 12 weeks.Clinical tests and anthropometric measurements are performed before and after the study, measuring height, weight, waist circumference, visceral fat and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and HbA1c and lipid profile. Patients have to complete a baseline survey including socio-demographic characteristics and QoL questionnaire SF-36. At the end of the study, patients complete a survey regarding the use of the smart digital garment&#39;s benefits and usability. The study is currently underway.

The aim is to promote a new approach to cardiac rehabilitation (CR), using a unique remote patient monitoring system that will enable healthcare providers to monitor CR patients at home at low cost, with the intention of making CR services more accessible and improving compliance. The study is currently underway.

一种新型的家庭心脏康复监控数字平台

Despite the evidence that cardiac rehabilitation (CR) reduces the risk of recurrent cardiac events, only a minority of eligible patients are willing to ...

Evaluation of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Wrist Wearables to Estimate Stress on Students

Wearable commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) devices have become popular during the last years to monitor sports activities, primarily among young people. These devices include sensors to gather data on physiological signals such as heart rate, skin temperature or galvanic skin response. By applying data analytics techniques to these kinds of signals, it is possible to obtain estimations of higher-level aspects of human behavior. In the literature, there are several works describing the use of physiological data collected using clinical devices to obtain information on sleep patterns or stress. However, it is still an open question whether data captured using COTS wrist wearables is sufficient to characterize the learners' psychological state in educational settings. This paper discusses a protocol to evaluate stress estimation from data obtained using COTS wrist wearables. The protocol is carried out in two phases. The first stage consists of a controlled laboratory experiment, where a mobile app is used to induce different stress levels in a student by means of a relaxing video, a Stroop Color and Word test, a Paced Auditory Serial Addition test, and a hyperventilation test. The second phase is carried out in the classroom, where stress is analyzed while performing several academic activities, namely attending to theoretical lectures, doing exercises and other individual activities, and taking short tests and exams. In both cases, both quantitative data obtained from COTS wrist wearables and qualitative data gathered by means of questionnaires are considered. This protocol involves a simple and consistent method with a stress induction app and questionnaires, requiring a limited participation of support staff.

A protocol to evaluate solutions based on commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) wrist wearables to estimate stress in students is proposed. The protocol is carried out in two phases, an initial laboratory-based stress induction test, and a monitoring stage taking place in the classroom while the student is performing academic activities.

商业现成腕 "服饰" 评估学生压力的评价

Wearable commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) devices have become popular during the last years to monitor sports activities, primarily among young people. ...

工程学

An Application for Pairing with Wearable Devices to Monitor Personal Health Status

The current protocol aims to showcase the technology integration, providing a detailed description of adopting the HealthCloud app, developed by the Healthy Landscape and Healthy People Lab, National Taiwan University (HLHP-NTU), on smartphones and smartwatches to collect data on users' real-time psychological and physiological responses and environmental information. A flexible and integrated research method was proposed because it can be difficult to measure multi-dimensional aspects of personal data in on-site studies in landscape and outdoor recreation research. An on-site study conducted in 2020 at the National Taiwan University campus was used as an application example. A dataset of 385 participants was used after excluding invalid samples. During the experiment, participants were asked to walk around campus for 30 min when their heart rate and psychological-scale items were measured, together with several environmental metrics. This work aimed to provide a possible solution to help on-site studies track real-time human responses that match ambient factors. Due to the app's flexibility, its use on wearable devices shows excellent potential for multidisciplinary research studies.

The present protocol introduces a non-commercial self-developed application for collecting real-time on-site data, including psychological scales, GPS location, heart rate, and blood-oxygen saturation level, as well as the application's operating procedures. An empirical study conducted in Taiwan in 2020 was used as an application example.

与可穿戴设备配对以监控个人健康状况的应用程序

The current protocol aims to showcase the technology integration, providing a detailed description of adopting the HealthCloud app, developed by the ...

环境科学

Psychophysiological Stress Assessment Using Biofeedback 

In the last half century, research in biofeedback has shown the extent to which the human mind can influence the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, previously thought to be outside of conscious control. By letting people observe signals from their own bodies, biofeedback enables them to develop greater awareness of their physiological and psychological reactions, such as stress, and to learn to modify these reactions. Biofeedback practitioners can facilitate this process by assessing people s reactions to mildly stressful events and formulating a biofeedback-based treatment plan. During stress assessment the practitioner first records a baseline for physiological readings, and then presents the client with several mild stressors, such as a cognitive, physical and emotional stressor. Variety of stressors is presented in order to determine a person's stimulus-response specificity, or differences in each person's reaction to qualitatively different stimuli. This video will demonstrate the process of psychophysiological stress assessment using biofeedback and present general guidelines for treatment planning.

Psychophysiological Stress Assessment Using Biofeedback

In this video we will describe one method of assessing person's psychophysiological reaction to stress using biofeedback. We will also present general guidelines for treatment planning.

使用生物反馈的心理生理压力评估

In the last half century, research in biofeedback has shown the extent to which the human mind can influence the functioning of the autonomic nervous ...

生物学

A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

Perspiration monitoring can be utilized for the detection of certain diseases, such as thermoregulation and mental disorders, particularly when the patients are unaware of such disorders or are having difficulty expressing their symptoms. Until now, several devices for perspiration monitoring have been developed; however, such devices tend to have a relatively large exterior, considerable power consumption, and/or less sensitivity.
Recently, we developed a small, wireless device for perspiration monitoring. The device consists of a temperature/relative humidity (T/RH) sensor, battery-driven small data logger, and silica gel as a desiccant in a small cylindrical exterior. The T/RH sensor is placed between the detection windows (through which the water vapor from the skin enters) and the silica gel. The underlying principle of the perspiration monitoring device is based on Fick&#39;s law of diffusion, which means that water vapor flux from the skin to the silica gel (i.e.&#160;transepidermal water loss and perspiration) can be captured by change in humidity at the T/RH sensor. In addition, a baseline subtraction method was adopted to distinguish perspiration and transepidermal water loss.
As shown in the previous report, the developed device can monitor the perspiration at any sites of the body in an easy, wireless manner. However, detailed methods of how to use the device have not been disclosed yet. In this article, therefore, we would like to show the point-by-point tutorials of how to use the device for perspiration monitoring, by showing the sympathetic activity test with the sympathetic skin response monitoring as an example.

Recently, we developed a small wireless device for perspiration monitoring. In this article, we present detailed protocols on how to use the device for perspiration monitoring with an example of the sympathetic activity test.

详细的汗渍监控协议使用一种新的，小的，无线设备

Perspiration monitoring can be utilized for the detection of certain diseases, such as thermoregulation and mental disorders, particularly when the ...

医学

Setup of Consumer Wearable Devices for Exposure and Health Monitoring in Population Studies

Wearable sensors, which are often embedded in commercial smartwatches, allow for continuous and non-invasive health measurements and exposure assessments in clinical studies. Nevertheless, the real-life application of these technologies in studies involving a large number of participants for a significant observation period may be hindered by several practical challenges. 
In this study, we present a modified protocol from a previous intervention study for the mitigation of health effects from desert dust storms. The study involved two distinct population groups: asthmatic children aged 6-11 years and elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Both groups were equipped with a smartwatch for the assessment of physical activity (using a heart rate monitor, pedometer, and accelerometer) and location (using GPS signals to locate individuals in indoor "at home" or outdoor microenvironments). The participants were required to wear the smartwatch equipped with a data collection application on a daily basis, and data were transmitted via a wireless network to a centrally administered data collection platform for the near real-time assessment of compliance. 
Over a period of 26 months, more than 250 children and 50 patients with AF participated in the aforementioned study. The main technical challenges identified included restricting access to standard smartwatch features, such as gaming, internet browser, camera, and audio recording applications, technical issues, such as loss of GPS signal, especially in indoor environments, and the internal smartwatch settings interfering with the data collection application.
The aim of this protocol is to demonstrate how the use of publicly available application lockers and device automation applications made it possible to address most of these challenges in a simple and cost-effective way. In addition, the inclusion of a Wi-Fi received signal strength indicator significantly improved indoor localization and largely minimized GPS signal misclassification. The implementation of these protocols during the roll-out of this intervention study in the spring of 2020 led to significantly improved results in terms of data completeness and data quality.

Commercial smartwatches equipped with wearable sensors are increasingly being used in population studies. However, their utility is often constrained by their limited battery duration, memory capacity, and data quality. This report provides examples of cost-effective solutions to real-life technical challenges encountered during studies involving asthmatic children and elderly cardiac patients.

在人口研究中设置用于暴露和健康监测的消费者可穿戴设备

Wearable sensors, which are often embedded in commercial smartwatches, allow for continuous and non-invasive health measurements and exposure assessments ...

生物工程

Assessing the Accuracy of Fitness Smartwatch Data for Cardiovascular and Physical Activity Monitoring: A Validation Study in Digital Health

This study aims to validate the accuracy of low-cost fitness smartwatches by comparing their data with gold-standard measurements for cardiovascular and physical activity parameters. The study enrolled 50 subjects, 26 undergoing validation testing for heart rate, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and sleep data against polysomnography (PSG). Additionally, 24 subjects participated in the 3-Minute Walk Test (3MWT) and Stairs Climbing (SC), with step counts validated against manual video calculations. Results showed no significant difference between the device&#39;s measurements and gold standard values for shallow sleep, deep sleep, REM time, mean heart rate, minimum heart rate, and SpO2. However, the device significantly underestimated manually counted steps (p = 0.009 (3MWT); p = 0.012 (SC)), total sleep duration (p = 0.004), and wake time (p = 8.94&#160;&#215; 10-8) while overestimating maximum heart rate (p = 0.011). These findings highlight the importance of accurate validation and interpretation of wearable device data in clinical contexts. Given these limitations, excluding the device&#39;s readings in future analyses is recommended to maintain data reliability and research integrity. This study underscores the need for ongoing validation and improvement of wearable technology to ensure its reliability and effectiveness in healthcare.

Wearable technology has low cost and offers convenient monitoring of physiological data. However, the accuracy and reliability of these devices require cautious assessment to ensure their effectiveness and safety for users. This report describes the validation process of a commercial smartwatch in monitoring physiological data and physical activity.

评估用于心血管和身体活动监测的健身智能手表数据的准确性：数字健康的验证研究

This study aims to validate the accuracy of low-cost fitness smartwatches by comparing their data with gold-standard measurements for cardiovascular and ...