Name: recording horizontal saccade performances accurately in neurological patients using electro-oculogram
Uploaded: 2018-03-13T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 12 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram at JoVE.com

Terao 博士得到了日本教育、文化、体育、科学和技术部 (16K09709,16H01497) 科研项目资助的资助。由日本教育、文化、体育、科技部 (15H05881, 16H05322, 22390181 号) 的科研项目资助资助, 并获资助。由日本卫生部和福利部关于帕金森病最佳 rTMS 治疗研究委员会的赠款;以及日本卫生部和福利部肌张力障碍研究委员会。

在获得知情同意后, 本研究的所有实验程序均根据该机构的人类研究伦理委员会的指导方针予以批准和实施。
1. 准备主题和重新编码的空间
<ol><li>在一个低环境照明的房间里进行录音, 以允许足够的光线适应。</li>
	<li>有受试者坐在一个黑色的凹球形的屏幕上, 测量直径90厘米, 其中含有嵌入针孔的发光二极管 (led), 它作为扫视的固定点和目标。 注: led 在水平、垂直和倾斜的阵列中设置为黑色、凹形圆顶屏幕,即, 在8个方向上从中心分离45度, 间隔为5度, 从中心开始设计, 如加藤et。20进行行为和生理学研究, 并经 Hikosaka et al修改供人类使用。21
</li>
	<li>为了控制动眼神经任务, 使每个主题持有一个连接到微型计算机的微动开关按钮, 这允许主体通过按下并释放按钮来启动和终止任务试验。 注意: 任务和数据采集由在典型 Windows PC 上运行的定制程序控制。</li>
	<li>通过下巴和前额的休息, 以及由一个头带稳定主题的头部位置。</li>
</ol>2. 将电极放在 EOG
<ol><li>使用银 AgCl 杯电极记录 EOG (图 1), 其直径为1.8 厘米, 厚度为3.5 毫米。杯底由银 AgCl 电极组成, 侧壁由5毫米厚度的塑料边缘包围, 使皮肤接触广泛。</li>
	<li>用酒精拭子擦拭皮肤。</li>
	<li>用电极糊填充杯子。</li>
	<li>在塑料下放置双粘胶带, 并将边缘附着在皮肤上, 稳定地将电极固定在皮肤上。</li>
	<li>对于通过 EOG 记录水平扫视, 将电极置于眼睛的双侧 canthi, 而用于记录垂直扫视, 将电极置于一只眼睛的上方和下方。</li>
</ol>3. 设置放大器进行录制
<ol><li>使用直流 (DC) 放大器记录 EOG, 信号数字化在500赫兹。</li>
	<li>同时记录 VOG, 采用基于视频的眼球跟踪系统, 以 500-1000 赫兹采样率记录眼球固定位置数据。</li>
	<li>给出了水平和垂直眼睛位置的模拟输出, 并设置了数据采集系统的滤波器, 信号的低通滤波器在20赫兹。</li>
	<li>此外, 设置过滤器, 以减弱高中频噪声, 如肌电图和脑电图。 注: 为了分析, 需要进一步的平滑过程, 以计算扫视速度剖面从眼睛位置数据 (这里, 3 点平滑执行三次)。</li>
	<li>如果可能的话, 测量电极和皮肤之间的阻抗, 并保持在 20 kΩ以下。</li>
</ol>4. 放置电极作光适应后的等候期
<ol><li>等待 10-20 分钟后放置 EOG 电极在皮肤上, 直到足够的光适应发生。</li>
	<li>允许记录稳定和电极凝胶之间的阻抗降低。</li>
</ol>5. 校准 EOG 和 VOG 信号
<ol><li>通过让主题查看5个预先指定的位置, 在每个测试会话前执行眼睛运动校准。</li>
	<li>更具体地说, 让主题查看中心的视觉目标和那些出现在固定点的左、右、上、下20度的 EOG 和 VOG。</li>
	<li>调整 EOG 的增益, 当受试者盯着这些斑点, 以便使用定制的数据采集系统来监视屏幕上显示的当前眼睛位置与屏幕上显示的目标位置相匹配。</li>
</ol>6. 使用动眼神经范式记录扫视, 并在会议期间根据需要重新校准眼睛位置
<ol><li>指导主题关于动眼神经范式。 注意: 两个动眼神经任务通常用于临床研究, 视觉引导扫视 (VGS) 和 antisaccade (AS) 任务。简单地, 在 VGS 中, 当受试者按下按钮时, 中心点会在圆顶的中央点亮, 首先需要将焦点集中在这个位置上。1.5-2 秒后, 在中心固定点熄灭的同时, 将一个目标随机显示在5、10、20或30度水平的位置上。受试者被指示对这个目标进行扫视。在 "任务" 中, 让主题先按下按钮, 然后要求它们在显示的中心固定点上锁定。1.5-2 秒后, 目标跳到它的左边或右边, 类似于上面。受试者需要在中心固定点上对镜对称位置进行扫视。</li>
	<li>让受试者按下按钮开始试验。</li>
	<li>在会话期间, 在任务性能期间调整 EOG 的增益, 以便显示器上显示的当前眼睛位置始终与同一屏幕上同时显示的目标位置对齐。无论是 EOG 还是 VOG, 在整个实验中必要时都要进行重新校准以进行调整。</li>
	<li>为了比较两种方法的性能, 通过一个定制的计算机程序分析了直流放大器和 VOG 的滤波和数字化 EOG 信号, 并将 EOG 和 VOG 信号一起显示在同一跟踪中。</li>
</ol>

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作者对于这项研究没有什么可透露的。

虽然目前的记录扫视的方法已成为 VOG, 但目前的研究表明, EOG 可以达到与 VOG 如果正确实现 (图 2) 的精度几乎相同。在记录水平扫视时, 目前的 EOG 方法与 VOG 有很好的相关性, 并且已在许多以前的研究中成功地使用了同一组12、13、14、15 ,16,<sup cl...

有三种主要的方法来记录眼球运动, 传统的 EOG, VOG 记录的视频跟踪系统, 和巩膜搜索线圈 (SSC) 方法。其中, EOG 自二十世纪七十年代以来经常用于记录患者的眼球运动, 因为它的简单性。该方法广泛应用于临床人群, 广泛应用于神经内科患者的诊断, 并提供了有关疾病的病理生理学的有用信息1,2, 3,4,5。此外, 它仍然是唯一的技术, 可用于记录眼球运动在睡眠期间 (快速眼球运动在 REM 睡眠和其他形式的眼球运动)。
由于眼球的前部, 包括角膜相对于其后部的正面充电, 有一个电压差的眼睛的前后方面称为 corneo 视网膜电位。由于这种电位的存在, 当受试者将目光转向右边时, 右电极会变得比左边更积极, 当他们把目光转向左边时, 就会变得消极。由于左、右电极之间的电压差与水平扫视的眼球旋转角度有显著的相关性, 因此可以用来测量水平眼运动。然而, 这种相关性并不能保持垂直方向, 虽然垂直 EOG 仍然可以用来测量眼球运动6。另一方面, 一些研究主要使用垂直 EOG 来监测眨眼。
然而, 最近, VOG 已经在很大程度上取代了 EOG, 因为它的空间准确性达到 0.25-0.5 度, 现在已经成为扫视记录在临床设置的标准方法。同时, EOG 已经被认为相当过时, 因为它的空间精度, 最多0.5 度, 不如 VOG。
然而, VOG 也有它自己的缺点, 如果使用在临床设置。有些情况下, VOG 是不可行的;例如, 眼睛的跟踪变得不准确的主题与狭窄的眼睛裂, 如当大面积的角膜被眼睑遮挡。在白内障晶状体患者中, 红外光的异常反射阻碍了对凝视方向的可靠记录。此外, EOG 可以提供一些人的优势, 他们的运动紊乱使 VOG 记录困难。此外, 与 EOG 的设置相比, VOG 系统更昂贵, 这往往使前者无法在普通医疗设施中使用。
另一方面, SSC 方法被认为是衡量眼球运动的黄金标准。与 VOG 和 EOG 相比, 该方法提供了最高的空间精度, 降低到0.1 度, 并且在录制涉及高频磁头运动6时尤其有用。但是, 此方法可能具有侵入性,即, 疼痛且对眼睛很刺激, 只允许录制一段简短的时间, 大约在30分钟或更短的7,8,9,10.虽然在某些专用设施中成功使用了11, 但这一短时间使其成为不适用于广泛临床应用的方法。
根据以前的研究记录了250多名神经症患者和480例正常人由同一组12,13,14,15,16,17, 18,19, 本研究表明, EOG 可以准确地作为一种标准的眼球运动记录技术, 广泛适用于临床人群, 同时规避 VOG 的各种弊端。和 SSC。本篇文章描述了一种稳定的 EOG 记录方法, 使用一个宽条纹电极, 允许与皮肤广泛和稳定的接触, 类似于脑电图电极安全地连接在头皮上的火棉胶记录了很长一段时间。电极的阻抗下降, 记录随着时间的推移变得稳定, 从而有效地减少了面部肌肉和脑电图的工件。该方法与同步记录 VOG 进行了比较。当适当的准备和实施, EOG 是一样好, VOG 在记录扫视在神经系统病人的准确性方面, EOG 甚至可能更适合扫视记录在正常的主题。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Electrode</td><td>Nihon-Kohden (Tokyo, Japan)</td><td>NS111-115</td><td>cup electrode</td></tr><tr><td>Electrode paste</td><td>Nihon-Kohden (Tokyo, Japan)</td><td>Gelaid Z-101BA</td><td>gel electrode paste to fill in the cup electrode</td></tr><tr><td>Adhesive tape&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Nihon-Kohden (Tokyo, Japan)</td><td>H261</td><td>double-stick tape for fixating the electrode</td></tr><tr><td>DC-amplifier</td><td>Nihon-Kohden (Tokyo, Japan)</td><td>AN-601G</td><td>amplifier for EOG</td></tr><tr><td>video-based eye tracking system</td><td>SR research (Mississauga, Ontario, Canada)</td><td>Eyelink II</td><td>eye tracking system for recording VOG</td></tr><tr><td>Filter</td><td>NF corporation</td><td>MS-521</td><td>filter for the EOG signal</td></tr></tbody></table>

recording horizontal saccade performances accurately in neurological patients using electro-oculogram

电 oculogram (EOG) 已被广泛应用于临床眼球运动记录, 尤其是水平扫视, 尽管视频 oculography (VOG) 在很大程度上取代了它现在的位置, 因为它的空间准确性较高。然而, 有些情况下, EOG 有明显的优势超过 VOG,例如,主题狭窄的眼睛裂或有白内障镜头, 和患者的运动障碍。本文表明, 如果适当地实现, EOG 可以达到的精度几乎一样好, VOG 具有相当稳定的记录, 同时规避与 VOG 记录相关的问题。本文介绍了一种实用的方法, 用 EOG 在神经质患者中使用高准确度和稳定性的动眼神经范式记录水平扫视。必要的措施是使用 AgCl 电极与宽塑料边缘能减少噪声, 并且等待充足的光适应发生。这个等待期也有助于降低电极和皮肤之间的阻抗, 从而确保稳定的信号记录随着时间的推移。此外, 在任务执行过程中需要重新校准。利用该方法, 实验者可以避免信号的漂移, 以及从肌电和脑电图中产生的工件或噪声的污染, 为扫视的临床评价收集足够的数据。因此, EOG 仍然可以是一种高实用性的方法, 可以广泛应用于神经学患者, 但也可能对正常人的研究有效。

图 2显示了正常主题中 EOG 和 VOG 的具有代表性的同时记录。对 VGS 的8项试验叠加 EOG (灰色曲线) 和 VOG (红色曲线;图 2A). 通过本方法标定, EOG 和 VOG 数据在5-30 度范围内是线性的, 数据的空间精度为0.5 度。
这两种方法取得的记录基本上是相互重叠的。此外, 扫视参数 (如滞?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram at JoVE.com

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram

用电 oculogram 准确记录神经症患者水平扫视的性能

本文介绍了一种实用的方法, 用电子 oculogram 在神经系统患者中记录高准确度的水平眼球运动, 使用一个宽塑料边缘的杯银 AgCl 电极。稳定的测量需要正确的电极选择和固定, 有足够的时间来适应光的发生, 并根据需要重新校准。

Electro-oculogram (EOG) has been widely used for clinical eye movement recording, especially horizontal saccades, although the video-oculography (VOG) has ...

recording-horizontal-saccade-performances-accurately-neurological

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

10.6K 次观看.  Kyorin University. 本文介绍了一种实用的方法, 用电子 oculogram 在神经系统患者中记录高准确度的水平眼球运动, 使用一个宽塑料边缘的杯银 AgCl 电极。稳定的测量需要正确的电极选择和固定, 有足够的时间来适应光的发生, 并根据需要重新校准。

视频: Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Eye movement studies have provided a strong foundation forming an understanding of how the brain acquires visual information in both the normal and dysfunctional brain.1 However, development of a platform to stimulate and store eye movements can require substantial programming, time and costs. Many systems do not offer the flexibility to program numerous stimuli for a variety of experimental needs. However, the VisualEyes System has a flexible architecture, allowing the operator to choose any background and foreground stimulus, program one or two screens for tandem or opposing eye movements and stimulate the left and right eye independently. This system can significantly reduce the programming development time needed to conduct an oculomotor study. The VisualEyes System will be discussed in three parts: 1) the oculomotor recording device to acquire eye movement responses, 2) the VisualEyes software written in LabView, to generate an array of stimuli and store responses as text files and 3) offline data analysis. Eye movements can be recorded by several types of instrumentation such as: a limbus tracking system, a sclera search coil, or a video image system. Typical eye movement stimuli such as saccadic steps, vergent ramps and vergent steps with the corresponding responses will be shown. In this video report, we demonstrate the flexibility of a system to create numerous visual stimuli and record eye movements that can be utilized by basic scientists and clinicians to study healthy as well as clinical populations.

Neural control and cognitive processes can be studied through eye movements. The VisualEyes software allows an operator to program stimuli on two computer screens independently using a simple, custom scripting language. The system can stimulate tandem eye movements (saccades and smooth pursuit) or opposing eye movements (vergence) or any combination.

VisualEyes：一个模块化的软件系统动眼神经实验

Eye movement studies have provided a strong foundation forming an understanding of how the brain acquires visual information in both the normal and ...

科研

神经科学

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral motor impairments that are frequently dominated in the upper limb. In addition to a reduced movement capacity of the affected upper limb, several children with unilateral CP show a reduced awareness of the remaining movement capacity of that limb. This phenomenon of disregarding the preserved capacity of the affected upper limb is regularly referred to as Developmental Disregard (DD). Different theories have been postulated to explain DD, each suggesting slightly different guidelines for therapy. Still, cognitive processes that might additionally contribute to DD in children with unilateral CP have never been directly studied. The current protocol was developed to study cognitive aspects involved in upper limb control in children with unilateral CP with and without DD. This was done by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from the ongoing EEG during target-response tasks asking for a hand-movement response. ERPs consist of several components, each of them associated with a well-defined cognitive process (e.g., the N1 with early attention processes, the N2 with cognitive control and the P3 with cognitive load and mental effort). Due to its excellent temporal resolution, the ERP technique enables to study several covert cognitive processes preceding overt motor responses and thus allows insight into the cognitive processes that might contribute to the phenomenon of DD. Using this protocol adds a new level of explanation to existing behavioral studies and opens new avenues to the broader implementation of research on cognitive aspects of developmental movement restrictions in children.

Several children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy seem to disregard the preserved capacity of their affected upper limb. This Developmental Disregard is extensively described in the literature but the involved cognitive processes have not been studied. To study underlying cognitive factors of upper limb control, an event-related potential protocol was developed.

事件相关电位在目标响应的任务，研究的上肢使用在儿童认知过程单侧脑性麻痹

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral ...

行为学

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for extracting crucial information about the mechanism of the human brain, such methods remain insufficient to provide information about physiological processes reflecting cognitive and emotional functions at the subcortical level. In this respect, modern invasive clinical approaches in humans, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), offer a tremendous possibility to record subcortical brain activity, namely local field potentials (LFPs) representing coherent activity of neural assemblies from localized basal ganglia or thalamic regions. Notwithstanding the fact that invasive approaches in humans are applied only after medical indication and thus recorded data correspond to altered brain circuits, valuable insight can be gained regarding the presence of intact brain functions in relation to brain oscillatory activity and the pathophysiology of disorders in response to experimental cognitive paradigms. In this direction, a growing number of DBS studies in patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) target not only motor functions but also higher level processes such as emotions, decision-making, attention, memory and sensory perception. Recent clinical trials also emphasize the role of DBS as an alternative treatment in neuropsychiatric disorders ranging from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) to chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). Consequently, we focus on the use of combined invasive (LFP) and non-invasive (EEG) human brain recordings in assessing the role of cortical-subcortical structures in cognitive and emotional processing trough experimental paradigms (e.g. speech stimuli with emotional connotation or paradigms of cognitive control such as the Flanker task), for patients undergoing DBS treatment.

The present protocol aims at assessing cognitive-emotional functions in the basal ganglia by simultaneous neurophysiological recording of local field potentials and non-invasive brain cortical activity (EEG). The procedure is exemplified by the use of paradigms involving speech stimuli with emotional connotation or the Flanker task involving cognitive control.

在人类联合微创皮层下和非侵入性的表面神经生理学录音认知的评估和情感作用

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

眼跟踪控制，以评估患者的认知功能与肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Video-oculography in Mice

Eye movements are very important in order to track an object or to stabilize an image on the retina during movement. Animals without a fovea, such as the mouse, have a limited capacity to lock their eyes onto a target. In contrast to these target directed eye movements, compensatory ocular eye movements are easily elicited in afoveate animals1,2,3,4. Compensatory ocular movements are generated by processing vestibular and optokinetic information into a command signal that will drive the eye muscles. The processing of the vestibular and optokinetic information can be investigated separately and together, allowing the specification of a deficit in the oculomotor system. The oculomotor system can be tested by evoking an optokinetic reflex (OKR), vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) or a visually-enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR). The OKR is a reflex movement that compensates for "full-field" image movements on the retina, whereas the VOR is a reflex eye movement that compensates head movements. The VVOR is a reflex eye movement that uses both vestibular as well as optokinetic information to make the appropriate compensation. The cerebellum monitors and is able to adjust these compensatory eye movements. Therefore, oculography is a very powerful tool to investigate brain-behavior relationship under normal as well as under pathological conditions (f.e. of vestibular, ocular and/or cerebellar origin).
Testing the oculomotor system, as a behavioral paradigm, is interesting for several reasons. First, the oculomotor system is a well understood neural system5. Second, the oculomotor system is relative simple6; the amount of possible eye movement is limited by its ball-in-socket architecture ("single joint") and the three pairs of extra-ocular muscles7. Third, the behavioral output and sensory input can easily be measured, which makes this a highly accessible system for quantitative analysis8. Many behavioral tests lack this high level of quantitative power. And finally, both performance as well as plasticity of the oculomotor system can be tested, allowing research on learning and memory processes9.
Genetically modified mice are nowadays widely available and they form an important source for the exploration of brain functions at various levels10. In addition, they can be used as models to mimic human diseases. Applying oculography on normal, pharmacologically-treated or genetically modified mice is a powerful research tool to explore the underlying physiology of motor behaviors under normal and pathological conditions. Here, we describe how to measure video-oculography in mice8.

Video-oculography is a very quantitative method to investigate ocular motor performance as well as motor learning. Here, we describe how to measure video-oculography in mice. Applying this technique on normal, pharmacologically-treated or genetically modified mice is a powerful research tool to explore the underlying physiology of motor behaviors.

视频oculography小鼠

Eye movements are very important in order to track an object or to stabilize an image on the retina during movement. Animals without a fovea, such as the ...

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

The objective analysis of eye movements has a significant history and has been long proven to be an important research tool in the setting of brain injury. Quantitative recordings have a strong capacity to screen diagnostically. Concurrent examinations of the eye and upper limb movements directed toward shared functional goals (e.g., eye-hand coordination) serve as an additional robust biomarker-laden path to capture and interrogate neural injury, including acquired brain injury (ABI). While quantitative dual-effector recordings in 3-D afford ample opportunities within ocular-manual motor investigations in the setting of ABI, the feasibility of such dual recordings for both eye and hand is challenging in pathological settings, particularly when approached with research-grade rigor. Here we describe the integration of an eye tracking system with a motion tracking system intended primarily for limb control research to study a natural behavior. The protocol enables the investigation of unrestricted, three-dimensional (3D) eye-hand coordination tasks. More specifically, we review a method to assess eye-hand coordination in visually guided saccade-to-reach tasks in subjects with chronic middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke and compare them to healthy controls. Special attention is paid to the specific eye- and limb-tracking system properties in order to obtain high fidelity data from participants post-injury. Sampling rate, accuracy, permissible head movement range given anticipated tolerance and the feasibility of use were several of the critical properties considered when selecting an eye tracker and an approach. The limb tracker was selected based on a similar rubric but included the need for 3-D recording, dynamic interaction and a miniaturized physical footprint. The quantitative data provided by this method and the overall approach when executed correctly has tremendous potential to further refine our mechanistic understanding of eye-hand control and help inform feasible diagnostic and pragmatic interventions within the neurological and rehabilitative practice.&#160;

Cerebral injury can damage both ocular and somatic motor systems. Characterization of motor control post-injury affords biomarkers that assist in disease detection, monitoring, and prognosis. We review a method to measure eye-hand movement control in health and in pathologic incoordination, with look-and-reach paradigms to assess coordination between eye and hand.

有效地记录不协调谱的眼手协调

The objective analysis of eye movements has a significant history and has been long proven to be an important research tool in the setting of brain ...

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients

Intracranial recordings from patients with intractable epilepsy provide a unique opportunity to study the activity of individual human neurons during active behavior. An important tool for quantifying behavior is eye tracking, which is an indispensable tool for studying visual attention. However, eye tracking is challenging to use concurrently with invasive electrophysiology and this approach has consequently been little used. Here, we present a proven experimental protocol to conduct single-neuron recordings with simultaneous eye tracking in humans. We describe how the systems are connected and the optimal settings to record neurons and eye movements. To illustrate the utility of this method, we summarize results that were made possible by this setup. This data shows how using eye tracking in a memory-guided visual search task allowed us to describe a new class of neurons called target neurons, whose response was reflective of top-down attention to the current search target. Lastly, we discuss the significance and solutions to potential problems of this setup. Together, our protocol and results suggest that single-neuron recordings with simultaneous eye tracking in humans are an effective method to study human brain function. It provides a key missing link between animal neurophysiology and human cognitive neuroscience.

We describe a method to conduct single-neuron recordings with simultaneous eye tracking in humans. We demonstrate the utility of this method and illustrate how we used this approach to obtain neurons in the human medial temporal lobe that encode targets of a visual search.

人类癫痫患者同步眼动追踪和单神经记录

Intracranial recordings from patients with intractable epilepsy provide a unique opportunity to study the activity of individual human neurons during ...

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and Huntington's can disrupt it. People with Parkinson's disease, for example, tend to have increased saccadic latencies. Consequently, the quantitative measurement of saccadic eye movements has received considerable attention as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative conditions. A lot more can be learned about the brain in both health and disease by observing what happens to eye movements when the function of specific brain areas is perturbed. Deep brain stimulation is a surgical intervention used for the management of a range of neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, in which stimulating electrodes are placed in specific brain areas including several sites in the basal ganglia. Eye movement measurements can then be made with the stimulator systems both off and on and the results compared. With suitable experimental design, this approach can be used to study the pathophysiology of the disease being treated, the mechanism by which DBS exerts it beneficial effects, and even aspects of normal neurophysiology.

This paper describes the use of quantitative measurement of eye movements in conjunction with stimulation of focal areas of the deep brain in order to study physiology, pathophysiology, and the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation.

使用Saccadometry与深部脑刺激来研究正常和病理脑功能

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including ...

医学

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Cognitive impairment is a common phenomenon in Parkinson&#8217;s disease that has implications on the prognosis. A simple, noninvasive and objective proxy measurement of cognitive function in Parkinson&#8217;s disease will be helpful in detecting early cognitive decline. As a physiological metric, eye movement parameter is not confounded by the subject&#39;s attributes and intelligence and can function as a proxy marker if it correlates with cognitive functions. To this end, this study explored the relationship between the eye movement parameters and performance in cognitive tests in multiple domains. In the experiment, a visual search task with eye tracking was set up, where subjects were asked to look for a number embedded in an array of alphabets scattered randomly on a computer screen. The differentiation between the number and the alphabet is an overlearned task such that the confounding effect of cognitive ability on the eye movement parameters is minimized. The average saccadic amplitude and fixation duration were captured and calculated during the visual search task. The cognitive assessment battery covered domains of frontal-executive functions, attention, verbal and visual memory. It was found that prolonged fixation duration was associated with poorer performance in verbal fluency, visual and verbal memory, allowing further exploration on the use of eye movement parameters as proxy markers for cognitive function in Parkinson&#8217;s disease patients. The experimental paradigm has been found to be highly tolerable in our group of Parkinson&#39;s disease patients and could be applied transdiagnostically to other disease entities for similar research questions.

Here, we present a protocol to study the relationship between the eye movement parameters and cognitive functions in non-demented Parkinson&#39;s disease patients. The experiment used an eye tracker to measure the saccadic amplitude and fixation duration in a visual search task. The correlation with performance in multi-domain cognitive tasks was subsequently measured.

描述眼动参数与无视力帕金森病患者眼动功能的关系

Cognitive impairment is a common phenomenon in Parkinson&#8217;s disease that has implications on the prognosis. A simple, noninvasive and objective proxy ...

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recording to Identify Target-Selective Neurons

Source: Wang, S., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/59117">Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2019).
The video demonstrates an assay to identify target-selective neurons via simultaneous eye-tracking and single-neuron recordings. A human participant is tasked with identifying a target object among an array of objects in a display, and the eye movement is tracked. Simultaneously, single neurons&#39; firing rate is recorded via electrodes implanted in the brain. The data from both recordings are correlated to assess the presence of target-selective neurons.

同时进行眼动追踪和单神经元记录以识别靶标选择性神经元

All procedures involving human participants have been performed in compliance with the institutional, national, and international guidelines for human ...