Name: a high-throughput platform for the screening of salmonella spp./shigella spp.
Uploaded: 2018-11-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Program of Zhuhai, China (grant number 20171009E030064), the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong, China (grant number 2015A020211004) and the Science and Technology Program of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People&#39;s Republic of China (grant number 2016IK302, 2017IK224).

The protocol follows the guidelines set by the human research ethics committee of Zhuhai International Travel Healthcare Center. Please use standard sterile operation during the experiment.
1. Culture Media Composition and Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Prepare Nutrient Broth: Dissolve 1% peptone, 0.3% beef extract, 0.5% sodium chloride, 0.1% glucose in H2O, adjust pH to 7.5 and autoclave it in 121 &#176;C for 15 min.</li>
	<li>Prepare Selenite Cystine medium: Dissolve 0.5% peptone, 0.4% l...

<ol>
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(24), 3497-3500 (2014).</li><li>Blanco, G., Diaz de Tuesta, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Culture-+and+molecular-based+detection+of+swine-adapted+Salmonella+shed+by+avian+scavengers.">Culture- and molecular-based detection of swine-adapted Salmonella shed by avian scavengers.</a> Science of the Total Environment. 634, 1513-1518 (2018).</li><li>Tang, X. J., Yang, Z., Chen, X. B., Tian, W. F., Tu, C. N., Wang, H. 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Since Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. are often associated with food poisoning and fecal-oral transmission of acute gastroenteritis28,29 and the routine method is either labor-intensive or time-consuming7, we describe a high-throughput platform for the Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. screening, using real-time PCR combined with guided culture.
There are several steps that need con...

Diarrhea is still a common health issue with a high incidence rate globally1,2. Though the mortality is relatively low, some patients show various symptoms for weeks (such as loose and watery stools, an urgency to go to the bathroom), which make the socioeconomic impact very high3,4. More seriously, some patients may even develop irritable bowel syndrome if left untreated5. There are various kinds of bacteria, viruses and parasites that can cause diarrhea6. Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. are among the most common bacteria for the transmission of acute gastroenteritis7,8,9,10,11. Therefore, many counties have issued laws or regulations for regular Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. screening among people who would handle food and water. For example, the Chinese government have issued laws for obligatory Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. screening once a year.
The gold standard method for Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. detection is bacteria culture. Through bacteria culture and successive biochemical identification and serological characterization, we can identify the species of bacteria, which could facilitate disease outbreak management and antimicrobial profiling to aid the treatment of patients12. It could also help trace the source of infection during the Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. outbreak13. However, this method is labor-intensive (requiring manual operation) and time-consuming (taking several days), especially for the testing of large numbers of samples7. Moreover, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.may exist in some stool samples14. In view of these drawbacks, many laboratories have tried to develop new techniques for the detection of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25. All these methods use the nuclear acid amplification test (NAAT), among which the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most common. One major limitation of these NAAT based methods is that dead bacteria, even bacterial debris containing incomplete genomic DNA, could show positive results26, which could largely influence the accurate diagnosis of disease. Blanco et al. showed that molecular assay is highly sensitive, not only to viable Salmonella in cultures, but also to partial genomes and dead or unviable bacteria from past infections or contamination26. Therefore, new technology should be developed.
Here, we described a novel method that combines the NAAT based method and culturing. As shown in Figure 1, this new method applies real-time PCR screening first and then positive samples are sent for bacteria culture and identification.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:732px;" width="732">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Tris</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10708976001</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">798681</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">NP40</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11332473001</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:249px;">ddH2O</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Takara</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9012</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">PrimeSTAR HS (Premix)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Takara</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R040Q</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Nutrient Broth</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">LandBridge</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CM106</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Nutrient agar</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">LandBridge</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CM107</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Selenite Cystine medium</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">LandBridge</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CM225</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">XLD</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">LandBridge</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CM219</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">MAC&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">LandBridge</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CM908</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Salmonella chromogenic agar</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">CHROMagar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SA130</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Salmonella diagnostic serum</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Tianrun</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SAL60</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Shigella diagnostic serum</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Tianrun</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SHI54</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">anal swab (collecting tube plus)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Huachenyang</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">slide</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Mingsheng</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7102</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">micro-loop</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Weierkang</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">W511</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">incubator</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Jinghong</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DNP-9082</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">autoclave</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">AUL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SS-325</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">dry bath</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Jinghong</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">KB-20</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:249px;">automated microbial identification system</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">bioM&#233;rieux</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VITEK2</td>
			<td style="width:252px;">other equivalent system could be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:249px;">fluorescent real-time PCR machine</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ABI7500</td>
			<td style="width:252px;">other equivalent machine could be used</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a high-throughput platform for the screening of salmonella spp./shigella spp.

Fecal-oral transmission of acute gastroenteritis occurs from time to time, especially when people who handled food and water are infected by Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. The gold standard method for the detection of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. is direct culture but this is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Here, we describe a high-throughput platform for Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. screening, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with guided culture. There are two major stages: real-time PCR and the guided culture. For the first stage (real-time PCR), we explain each step of the method: sample collection, pre-enrichment, DNA extraction and real-time PCR. If the real-time PCR result is positive, then the second stage (guided culture) is performed: selective culture, biochemical identification and serological characterization. We also illustrate representative results generated from it. The protocol described here would be a valuable platform for the rapid, specific, sensitive and high-throughput screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.

The protocol was applied for the screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. in anal stool samples from people who would handle food and water.
In the real-time PCR step, as shown in Figure 5A, there was a successful amplification in HEX channel, which meant that the mixed sample was positive for Salmonella spp. Then a further real-time PCR was conducted on...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. at JoVE.com

A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.

Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. are common pathogens attributed to diarrhea. Here, we describe a high-throughput platform for the screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. using real-time PCR combined with guided culture.

A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.

Fecal-oral transmission of acute gastroenteritis occurs from time to time, especially when people who handled food and water are infected by Salmonella ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

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