这项工作得到了中国国家自然科学基金 (31400936、31460260号赠款) 和江西省自然科学基金 (20171BAB215020) 的支持。我们还感谢南昌大学与伦敦玛丽大学的联合项目支持这项工作。

这里介绍的所有方法均经南昌大学动物保育委员会批准。
1. 装配设备并连接切片
<ol><li>根据要求设计参数 (补充图 1)。</li>
	<li>将参数提交当地工厂生产丙烯酸板。</li>
	<li>按顺序装配所有部件: 使用氯仿将7个商业丙烯酸板组合成一个带有截面通道和水浴的水箱 (图 1)。 注意: 氯仿在遇到光和氧时会产生有毒物质。把器具装配在通风罩里。</li>
	<li>将管状电热元件通过压克力板 #1 (图 2A、箭头) 安装在孔中。</li>
	<li>要安装温度控制器, 请使用电钻在 #2 丙烯酸板上创建一个小孔, 并安装温度检测器 (图 2A、箭头)。在水箱上安装数字恒温器 (图 2A)。 注: 温度探测器应在水面以下1厘米以内。</li>
	<li>要提供电源接入, 请在打开设备前调整电压低于 24 V。</li>
	<li>从切片中移除剖面废物托盘。</li>
	<li>用中性硅胶密封胶将截面通道与切片刀片架连接 (图 2B)。 注: 请勿涂抹在刀片顶部上方的中性硅胶密封胶, 使旧刀片易于更换。</li>
	<li>夜间干燥, 允许氯仿和中性硅酮密封胶时间固化。</li>
	<li>将刀片式服务器安装到刀片式服务器上。将水倒入水浴中 (图 2C)。水面应该只是触摸刀片的顶部 (图 2D,箭头头)。</li>
</ol>2. 石蜡切片
注: 碎屑经常堆积在蜡块和水面的上缘或下边缘。这些碎片应定期清除。
<ol><li>
执行常规石蜡切片10。
	<ol>
<li>将石蜡嵌入试样夹在旋转切片上, 将刀片置于刀片夹持器中。</li>
		<li>转动手轮和切片试样。</li>
		<li>将石蜡切片的丝带转移到38.5 摄氏度温水浴。</li>
		<li>展开后, 从水面上的显微镜上把切片捡起来。</li>
		<li>将烤箱中的幻灯片干燥42摄氏度。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
改进石蜡切片 (图 3)
	<ol>
<li>打开设备。</li>
		<li>打开加热器与温度检测开关, 并设置目标温度之间的38.0 °c 到40.0 °c, 提前1小时, 以温暖的水。</li>
		<li>修改石蜡嵌段获得的石蜡块;然后把石蜡块放在切片的卡带钳上, 然后锁上。 注: 应水平调整石蜡块的上、下边界, 防止截面带状形成弧形, 无法流经狭窄断面通道。</li>
		<li>通过剪切较厚的部分快速接近样品。</li>
		<li>调整到合适的断面厚度 (10 µm 成年小鼠大脑, 成年小鼠肾脏, 胚胎小鼠大脑, 4 µm 为斑马鱼的眼睛)。转动手轮, 各部分将自动进入截面通道和浴缸。</li>
		<li>切片的标本在一个缓慢和均匀的切割冲程 (图 3A)。 注: 第一节的 Thethickness 将在手轮停止几分钟后改变。当切片有连续划痕时, 应更换一次性刀片。</li>
		<li>将各部分引导至浴腔内以直线浮动 (图 3B、3C)。 注: 如果头部部分附着在腔壁上, 请使用画笔导轨使其浮动。</li>
		<li>将部分粘贴到显微镜幻灯片上。在水浴中充分展开部分后, 用镊子分隔几个部分。然后将它们从水浴中接上显微镜幻灯片 (图 3D)。 注: 应从水浴后部拾起部分, 因为部分通道和水浴的前部仍未完全展开。</li>
		<li>把这些幻灯片放在一个42摄氏度的烤箱里过夜。然后可以无限期地将幻灯片存储在室温下。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>应用苏木精-伊红 (he) 染色, 以评价改进方法8。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organ+printing:+Computer-aided+jet-based+3D+tissue+engineering.">Organ printing: Computer-aided jet-based 3D tissue engineering.</a> Trends in Biotechnology. 21 (4), 157-161 (2003).</li><li>Fischer, A. H., Jacobson, K. A., Rose, J., Zeller, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryosectioning+tissues.">Cryosectioning tissues.</a> Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 3 (8), (2008).</li><li>Viebahn, C., Luttenberg, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+anti-roll+plate+as+a+remedy+for+the+ill-effects+of+electrical+charge+during+cryosectioning.">A modified anti-roll plate as a remedy for the ill-effects of electrical charge during cryosectioning.</a> Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 37 (7), 1157-1160 (1989).</li><li>Onozato, M. L., Hammond, S., Merren, M., Yagi, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+a+completely+automated+tissue-sectioning+machine+for+paraffin+blocks.">Evaluation of a completely automated tissue-sectioning machine for paraffin blocks.</a> Journal of Clinical Pathology. 66 (2), 151-154 (2013).</li><li>Sabaliauskas, N. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+zebrafish+histology.">High-throughput zebrafish histology.</a> Methods. 39 (3), 246-254 (2006).</li><li>Chen, T. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybrid-Cut:+An+Improved+Sectioning+Method+for+Recalcitrant+Plant+Tissue+Samples.">Hybrid-Cut: An Improved Sectioning Method for Recalcitrant Plant Tissue Samples.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (117), e54754 (2016).</li><li>Kucherenko, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paraffin-Embedded+and+Frozen+Sections+of+Drosophila+Adult+Muscles.">Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (46), e2438 (2010).</li><li>Cornell, W. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paraffin+Embedding+and+Thin+Sectioning+of+Microbial+Colony+Biofilms+for+Microscopic+Analysis.">Paraffin Embedding and Thin Sectioning of Microbial Colony Biofilms for Microscopic Analysis.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (133), e57196 (2018).</li><li>Whiteland, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunohistochemical+detection+of+T-cell+subsets+and+other+leukocytes+in+paraffin-embedded+rat+and+mouse+tissues+with+monoclonal+antibodies.">Immunohistochemical detection of T-cell subsets and other leukocytes in paraffin-embedded rat and mouse tissues with monoclonal antibodies.</a> Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 43 (3), 313-320 (1995).</li><li>Tucker, D. K., Foley, J. 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作者在这一设备上有专利, 并且声明没有竞争利益。

为改善石蜡切片形貌, 解决常规石蜡切片过程中的浪费时间问题, 我们建立了一种改进的石蜡切片方法, 结合切割和展开。这种改进的方法依赖于简单的设备, 包括剖面通道, 水浴和加热器与温度检测开关。节带通过剖面通道进入水浴, 并在切割时自动展开。因此, 该方法提高了石蜡切片的质量和效率, 这是通过石蜡切片的成年小鼠海马, 成年小鼠肾脏, E15.5 小鼠的大脑, 和成年斑马鱼眼睛验证。
<p c...

形态学研究在生物研究中具有重要意义。虽然新技术允许研究人员直接从整个组织或有机体观察他们的目标1,2,3, 切割标本成薄切片, 其次是染色, 仍然是主要的方法 fornot 组织形态学, 也可直接在组织中进行蛋白靶向。光镜使用三切片类型: 石蜡, 冷冻和半薄切片。虽然 cryosectioning 是常见的保护组织抗原性, 标本准备是简单的, 保留组织形态学较差, 不适合薄切片4,5。石蜡切片是展示保存完好的形态学最常用的方法。由于试样完全脱水, 并嵌入蜡, 石蜡块可以无限期储存。此外, 石蜡切片产生薄切片, 以改善生物探针进入进一步的实验和减少细胞层叠加在 Z 方向。
然而, 传统的石蜡切片是繁琐的, 需要操作员的技能。石蜡切片经过固定, 脱水, 嵌入, 切割和漂浮。重要的是, 将节带从刀座转移到水浴是必要的, 但对于初级操作者来说是困难的。特别是在干燥的空气中, 节带会由于静电而扭曲, 在温暖的水面上很难展开。为提高切片质量, 在切片刀片通过后, 将所暴露的组织表面湿润, 将蜡块浸泡在冰水中, 或者在切片附近用加湿器提高湿度, 建议6、7.改进石蜡切片的新方法包括混合石蜡嵌入, cryosectioning8和商业部分转移系统协助9。虽然这些方法部分提高了石蜡切片的速度和质量, 但它们使切片变得更加繁琐, 商业剖面转移系统是昂贵的。
在本协议中, 我们演示如何逐步创建简单, 廉价和灵活的设备, 这可以连接到旋转切片的刀片持有人。该设备由截面通道、水浴和带有温度检测开关的加热器组成。切割后, 大量的断面流进断面通道, 直接进入水浴, 从而自动展开。这提高了石蜡切片的效率, 使该技术更方便。使用这种方法, 更多的成年小鼠海马切片, 成年小鼠肾脏切片, 胚胎15.5 天老 (E15.5) 小鼠脑切片, 和成年斑马鱼眼切片被收获在较少的时间, 并保持更完整的形态。这种方法也可以用于其他组织样品, 需要加速石蜡切片, 同时避免损失的部分区分。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Boekel Scientific</td>
			<td>133000-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol&#160;</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td>
			<td>64-17-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene&#160;</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td>
			<td>1330-20-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraplast</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>39601006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heated Paraffin Embedding Module</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Commercial acrylic board</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trichloromethane</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td>
			<td>67-66-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tubular electric heating element(12V 200W)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Temperature controller(12v 120w)</td>
			<td>Mingsuo</td>
			<td>XH-W3002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary microtome&#160;</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neutral silicone sealant</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Link the water channel with the microtome knife holder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Voltage transformer</td>
			<td>Dearll</td>
			<td>S-250-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable blade</td>
			<td>Accu-Edge</td>
			<td>4689</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin</td>
			<td>Baso Diagnostics Inc.</td>
			<td>BA-4025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eosin&#160;</td>
			<td>Baso Diagnostics Inc.</td>
			<td>BA-4025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microslide</td>
			<td>Sail Brand</td>
			<td>7105</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neutral balsam</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td>
			<td>10004160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslip&#160;</td>
			<td>Citoglas</td>
			<td>10212424C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Xilong Chemical</td>
			<td>7647-01-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water bath for paraffin sections</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HistoCore Arcadia C&#160;- Cold Plate</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>paraffin repellent spray&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>9990420</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the cutting and floating method for paraffin-embedded tissue for sectioning

石蜡嵌入组织切片被广泛应用于组织学和病理学。然而, 这是乏味的。为了改进这种方法, 几家商业公司利用流体水设计了复杂的断面传输系统。为了简化这项技术, 我们创建了一个简单的方法, 使用自制的设备, 结合切割和浮动在一个简单的恒温室;因此, 各部分自动进入水浴在水面上。用常规石蜡切片和所提出的方法进行比较, 对成年小鼠脑、成年小鼠肾脏、胚胎小鼠大脑和成年斑马鱼眼的海马体进行切割。统计分析表明, 改进后的方法节省了时间, 产生了较高的质量剖面。此外, 在短时间内石蜡切片的整个标本是容易的初级操作者。

改进后的方法增加了完整石蜡切片的数量。我们对成年小鼠海马组织、成年小鼠肾脏、胚胎小鼠大脑和斑马鱼的眼睛进行了新的检测。水被增加到坦克, 并且水温保持在38.0 °c 之间到40.0 °c。在连续制备组织样品后, 切片并与常规切片进行比较。该方法避免了切片丢失, 增加了成年小鼠海马、成年小鼠肾脏、E15.5 鼠脑和成年斑马鱼眼中完整切片的比例 (图 4A</s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Cutting and Floating Method for Paraffin-embedded Tissue for Sectioning at JoVE.com

The Cutting and Floating Method for Paraffin-embedded Tissue for Sectioning

切片中石蜡嵌入组织的切割和漂浮方法

在这里, 我们提出了一个改进石蜡切片的协议。这种方法结合切割和浮动使用一个简单的恒温室, 以避免转让过程中所需的传统方法。结果表明, 石蜡切片的效率和数量均有显著提高。

Sectioning of the paraffin-embedded tissue is widely used in histology and pathology. However, it is tedious. To improve this method, several commercial ...

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Neuroscience

18.2K 次观看.  Nanchang University. 在这里, 我们提出了一个改进石蜡切片的协议。这种方法结合切割和浮动使用一个简单的恒温室, 以避免转让过程中所需的传统方法。结果表明, 石蜡切片的效率和数量均有显著提高。

视频: The Cutting and Floating Method for Paraffin-embedded Tissue for Sectioning

Vibratome Sectioning for Enhanced Preservation of the Cytoarchitecture of the Mammalian Organ of Corti

The mammalian organ of Corti is a highly ordered cellular mosaic of mechanosensory hair and nonsensory supporting cells (reviewed in 1,2).Visualization of this cellular mosaic often requires that the organ of Corti is cross-sectioned. In particular, the nonsensory pillar and Deiters' cells, whose nuclei are located basally with respect to the hair cells, cannot be visualized without cross-sectioning the organ of Corti. However, the delicate cytoarchitecture of the mammalian organ of Corti, including the fine cytoplasmic processes of the pillar and Deiters' cells, is difficult to preserve by routine histological procedures such as paraffin and cryo-sectioning, which are compatible with standard immunohistochemical staining techniques.
Here I describe a simple and robust procedure consisting of vibratome sectioning of the cochlea, immunohistochemical staining of these vibratome sections in whole mount, followed by confocal microscopy. This procedure has been used widely for immunhistochemical analysis of multiple organs, including the mouse limb bud, zebrafish gut, liver, pancreas, and heart (see 3-6 for selected examples). In addition, this procedure was sucessful for both imaging and quantitificaton of pillar cell number in mutant and control organs of Corti in both embryos and adult mice 7. This method, however, is currently not widely used to examine the mammalian organ of Corti. The potential for this procedure to both provide enhanced preservation of the fine cytoarchitecture of the adult organ of Corti and allow for quantification of various cell types is described.

A simple procedure of vibratome sectioning the organ of Corti, followed by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy is described. This procedure allows for improved preservation of the fine cytoarchitecture of the mammalian organ of Corti, and consequently allows for accurate quantification of cell types.

Vibratome切片增强保尔蒂哺乳动物器官的细胞构筑

The mammalian organ of Corti is a highly ordered cellular mosaic of mechanosensory hair and nonsensory supporting cells (reviewed in 1,2).Visualization of ...

科研

神经科学

Immunohistochemical Analysis in the Rat Central Nervous System and Peripheral Lymph Node Tissue Sections

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides highly specific, reliable and attractive protein visualization. Correct performance and interpretation of an IHC-based multicolor labeling is challenging, especially when utilized for assessing interrelations between target proteins in the tissue with a high fat content such as the central nervous system (CNS).
Our protocol represents a refinement of the standard immunolabeling technique particularly adjusted for detection of both structural and soluble proteins in the rat CNS and peripheral lymph nodes (LN) affected by neuroinflammation. Nonetheless, with or without further modifications, our protocol could likely be used for detection of other related protein targets, even in other organs and species than here presented.

We here present an optimized, detailed protocol for double immunostaining in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded rat central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral lymph node (LN) tissue sections.

免疫组化分析大鼠中枢神经系统和周围淋巴结组织切片

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides highly specific, reliable and attractive protein visualization. Correct performance and interpretation of an IHC-based ...

Preparation of Acute Brain Slices Using an Optimized N-Methyl-D-glucamine Protective Recovery Method

This protocol is a practical guide to the N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) protective recovery method of brain slice preparation. Numerous recent studies have validated the utility of this method for enhancing neuronal preservation and overall brain slice viability. The implementation of this technique by early adopters has facilitated detailed investigations into brain function using diverse experimental applications and spanning a wide range of animal ages, brain regions, and cell types. Steps are outlined for carrying out the protective recovery brain slice technique using an optimized NMDG artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) media formulation and enhanced procedure to reliably obtain healthy brain slices for patch clamp electrophysiology. With this updated approach, a substantial improvement is observed in the speed and reliability of gigaohm seal formation during targeted patch clamp recording experiments while maintaining excellent neuronal preservation, thereby facilitating challenging experimental applications. Representative results are provided from multi-neuron patch clamp recording experiments to assay synaptic connectivity in neocortical brain slices prepared from young adult transgenic mice and mature adult human neurosurgical specimens. Furthermore, the optimized NMDG protective recovery method of brain slicing is compatible with both juvenile and adult animals, thus resolving a limitation of the original methodology. In summary, a single media formulation and brain slicing procedure can be implemented across various species and ages to achieve excellent viability and tissue preservation.

Preparation of Acute Brain Slices Using an Optimized N-Methyl-D-glucamine Protective Recovery Method

This protocol demonstrates the implementation of an optimized N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) protective recovery method of brain slice preparation. A single media formulation is used to reliably obtain healthy brain slices from animals of any age and for diverse experimental applications.

用优化的n-甲基 d-葡乙胺保护恢复法制备急性脑切片

This protocol is a practical guide to the N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) protective recovery method of brain slice preparation. Numerous recent studies have ...

Utilizing 3D Printing Technology to Merge MRI with Histology: A Protocol for Brain Sectioning

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for the delineation between normal and abnormal tissue on a macroscopic scale, sampling an entire tissue volume three-dimensionally. While MRI is an extremely sensitive tool for detecting tissue abnormalities, association of signal changes with an underlying pathological process is usually not straightforward. In the central nervous system, for example, inflammation, demyelination, axonal damage, gliosis, and neuronal death may all induce similar findings on MRI. As such, interpretation of MRI scans depends on the context, and radiological-histopathological correlation is therefore of the utmost importance. Unfortunately, traditional pathological sectioning of brain tissue is often imprecise and inconsistent, thus complicating the comparison between histology sections and MRI. This article presents novel methodology for accurately sectioning primate brain tissues and thus allowing precise matching between histology and MRI. The detailed protocol described in this article will assist investigators in applying this method, which relies on the creation of 3D printed brain slicers. Slightly modified, it can be easily implemented for brains of other species, including humans.

The overall goal of this protocol is to accurately align magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image volumes with histology sections via the creation of customized 3D-printed brain holders and slicer boxes.

利用3D打印技术来合并MRI与组织学:一个大脑切片协议

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for the delineation between normal and abnormal tissue on a macroscopic scale, sampling an entire tissue volume ...

Sublimation of DAN Matrix for the Detection and Visualization of Gangliosides in Rat Brain Tissue for MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Sample preparation is key for optimal detection and visualization of analytes in Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) experiments. Determining the appropriate protocol to follow throughout the sample preparation process can be difficult as each step must be optimized to comply with the unique characteristics of the analytes of interest. This process involves not only finding a compatible matrix that can desorb and ionize the molecules of interest efficiently, but also selecting the appropriate matrix deposition technique. For example, a wet matrix deposition technique, which entails dissolving a matrix in solvent, is superior for desorption of most proteins and peptides, whereas dry matrix deposition techniques are particularly effective for ionization of lipids. Sublimation has been reported as a highly efficient method of dry matrix deposition for the detection of lipids in tissue by MALDI IMS due to the homogeneity of matrix crystal deposition and minimal analyte delocalization as compared to many wet deposition methods 1,2. Broadly, it involves placing a sample and powdered matrix in a vacuum-sealed chamber with the samples pressed against a cold surface. The apparatus is then lowered into a heated bath (sand or oil), resulting in sublimation of the powdered matrix onto the cooled tissue sample surface. Here we describe a sublimation protocol using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) matrix for the detection and visualization of gangliosides in the rat brain using MALDI IMS.

A protocol for the sublimation of DAN matrix onto rat brain tissue for the detection of gangliosides using MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry is presented.

DAN矩阵升华为神经节苷脂对大鼠脑组织的检测和可视化MALDI成像质谱

Sample preparation is key for optimal detection and visualization of analytes in Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Imaging Mass ...

Prolonged Incubation of Acute Neuronal Tissue for Electrophysiology and Calcium-imaging

Acute neuronal tissue preparations, brain slices and retinal wholemount, can usually only be maintained for 6 - 8 h following dissection. This limits the experimental time, and increases the number of animals that are utilized per study. This limitation specifically impacts protocols such as calcium imaging that require prolonged pre-incubation with bath-applied dyes. Exponential bacterial growth within 3 - 4 h after slicing is tightly correlated with a decrease in tissue health. This study describes a method for&#160;limiting the proliferation of bacteria in acute preparations to maintain viable neuronal tissue for prolonged periods of time (&#62;24 h) without the need for antibiotics, sterile procedures, or tissue culture media containing growth factors. By cycling the extracellular fluid through UV irradiation and keeping the tissue in a custom holding chamber at 15 - 16 &#176;C, the tissue shows no difference in electrophysiological properties, or calcium signaling through intracellular calcium dyes at &#62;24 h postdissection. These methods will not only extend experimental time for those using acute neuronal tissue, but will reduce the number of animals required to complete experimental goals, and will set a gold standard for acute neuronal tissue incubation.

Once removed from the body, neuronal tissue is greatly affected by environmental conditions, leading to eventual degradation of the tissue after 6 - 8 h. Using a unique incubation method, which closely monitors and regulates the extracellular environment of the tissue, tissue viability can be significantly extended for &#62;24 h.

对于电生理和钙成像急性神经组织的长时间培养

Acute neuronal tissue preparations, brain slices and retinal wholemount, can usually only be maintained for 6 - 8 h following dissection. This limits the ...

Electrophysiological Method for Whole-cell Voltage Clamp Recordings from Drosophila Photoreceptors

Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings from Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors have revolutionized the field of invertebrate visual transduction, enabling the use of D. melanogaster molecular genetics to study inositol-lipid signaling and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels at the single-molecule level. A handful of labs have mastered this powerful technique, which enables the analysis of the physiological responses to light under highly controlled conditions. This technique allows control over the intracellular and extracellular media; the membrane voltage; and the fast application of pharmacological compounds, such as a variety of ionic or pH indicators, to the intra- and extracellular media. With an exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio, this method enables the measurement of dark spontaneous and light-induced unitary currents (i.e.&#160;spontaneous and quantum bumps) and macroscopic Light-induced Currents (LIC) from single D. melanogaster photoreceptors. This protocol outlines, in great detail, all the key steps necessary to perform this technique, which includes both electrophysiological and optical recordings. The fly retina dissection procedure for the attainment of intact and viable ex vivo isolated ommatidia in the bath chamber is described. The equipment needed to perform whole-cell and fluorescence imaging measurements are also detailed. Finally, the pitfalls in using this delicate preparation during extended experiments are explained.

Electrophysiological Method for Whole-cell Voltage Clamp Recordings from Drosophila Photoreceptors

Whole-cell recordings from Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors enable the measurement of spontaneous dark bumps, quantum bumps, macroscopic responses to light, and current-voltage relationships under various conditions. In combination with D. melanogaster genetic manipulation tools, this method enables the study of the ubiquitous inositol-lipid signaling pathway and its target, the TRP channel.

全细胞电压钳记录的电生理方法<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;光感受器

Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings from Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors have revolutionized the field of invertebrate visual transduction, ...

Targeting Alpha Synuclein Aggregates in Cutaneous Peripheral Nerve Fibers by Free-floating Immunofluorescence Assay

To date, for most neurodegenerative diseases only a post-mortem histopathological definitive diagnosis is available. For Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD), the diagnosis still relies only on clinical signs of motor involvement that appear later on in the disease course, when most of the dopaminergic neurons are already lost. Hence, there is a strong need for a biomarker that can identify patients at the beginning of disease or at the risk of developing it. Over the last few years, skin biopsy has proved to be an excellent research and diagnostic tool for peripheral nerve diseases such as small fiber neuropathy. Interestingly, a small fiber neuropathy and alpha synuclein (&#945;Syn) neural deposits have been shown by skin biopsy in PD patients. Indeed, skin biopsy has the great advantage of being an easily accessible, minimally invasive and painless procedure that allows the analysis of peripheral nervous tissue prone to the pathology. Moreover, the possibility of repeating the skin biopsy in the course of the follow-up of the same patient allows studying the longitudinal correlation with the disease progression. We set up a standardized reliable protocol to investigate the presence of &#945;Syn aggregates in skin nerve fibers of the PD patient. This protocol involves few short fixation steps, a cryotome sectioning and then a free-floating immunofluorescence double-staining with two specific antibodies: anti Protein Gene Product 9.5 (PGP9.5) to mark the cutaneous nerve fibers and anti 5G4 for detecting &#945;Syn aggregates. It is a versatile, sensitive and easy to perform protocol that can also be applied for targeting other proteins of interest in skin nerves. The ability to mark &#945;Syn aggregates is another step forward to the use of skin biopsy as a tool for establishing a pre-mortem histopathological diagnosis of PD.

Here, we present a protocol for a free-floating indirect immunofluorescence assay on skin biopsy sections that allows for the identification of disease specific conformation variants of alpha synuclein involved in Parkinson disease and multiple proteins of the peripheral nervous system.

通过自由浮动免疫荧光测定,在皮外神经纤维中定位阿尔法核糖核酸聚合体

To date, for most neurodegenerative diseases only a post-mortem histopathological definitive diagnosis is available. For Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD), the ...

A Hydrophobic Tissue Clearing Method for Rat Brain Tissue

Hydrophobic tissue clearing methods are easily adjustable, fast, and low-cost procedures that allows for the study of a molecule of interest in unaltered tissue samples. Traditional immunolabeling procedures require cutting the sample into thin sections, which restricts the ability to label and examine intact structures. However, if brain tissue can remain intact during processing, structures and circuits can remain intact for the analysis. Previously established clearing methods take significant time to completely clear the tissue, and the harsh chemicals can often damage sensitive antibodies. The iDISCO method quickly and completely clears tissue, is compatible with many antibodies, and requires no special lab equipment. This technique was initially validated for the use in mice tissue, but the current protocol adapts this method to image hemispheres of control and transgenic rat brains. In addition to this, the present protocol also makes several adjustments to preexisting protocol to provide clearer images with less background staining. Antibodies for Iba-1 and tyrosine hydroxylase were validated in the HIV-1 transgenic rat and in F344/N control rats using the present hydrophobic tissue clearing method. The brain is an interwoven network, where structures work together more often than separately of one another. Analyzing the brain as a whole system as opposed to a combination of individual pieces is the greatest benefit of this whole brain clearing method.

Here we present a hydrophobic tissue clearing method that allows for the viewing of target molecules as part of intact brain structures. This technique has now been validated for F344/N control and HIV-1 transgenic rats of both sexes.

鼠脑组织疏水组织清除方法

Hydrophobic tissue clearing methods are easily adjustable, fast, and low-cost procedures that allows for the study of a molecule of interest in unaltered ...

Automated Gait Analysis to Assess Functional Recovery in Rodents with Peripheral Nerve or Spinal Cord Contusion Injury

Peripheral and central nerve injuries are mostly studied in rodents, especially rats, given the fact that these animal models are both cost-effective and a lot of comparative data has been published in the literature. This includes a multitude of assessment methods to study functional recovery following nerve injury and repair. Besides evaluation of nerve regeneration by means of histology, electrophysiology, and other in vivo and in vitro assessment techniques, functional recovery is the most important criterion to determine the degree of neural regeneration. Automated gait analysis allows recording of a vast quantity of gait-related parameters such as Paw Print Area and Paw Swing Speed as well as measures of inter-limb coordination. Additionally, the method provides digital data of the rats&#8217; paws after neuronal damage and during nerve regeneration, adding to our understanding of how peripheral and central nervous injuries affect their locomotor behavior. Besides the predominantly used sciatic nerve injury model, other models of peripheral nerve injury such as the femoral nerve can be studied by means of this method. In addition to injuries of the peripheral nervous systems, lesions of the central nervous system, e.g., spinal cord contusion can be evaluated. Valid and reproducible data assessment is strongly dependent on meticulous adjustment of the hard- and software settings prior to data acquisition. Additionally, proper training of the experimental animals is of crucial importance. This work aims to illustrate the use of computerized automated gait analysis to assess functional recovery in different animal models of peripheral nerve injury as well as spinal cord contusion injury. It also emphasizes the method&#8217;s limitations, e.g., evaluation of nerve regeneration in rats with sciatic nerve neurotmesis due to limited functional recovery. Therefore, this protocol is thought to help researchers interested in peripheral and central nervous injuries to assess functional recovery in rodent models.

Automated gait analysis is a feasible tool to evaluate functional recovery in rodent models of peripheral nerve injury and spinal cord contusion injury. While it requires only one setup to assess locomotor function in various experimental models, meticulous hard- and soft-ware adjustment and training of the animals is highly important.

自动步态分析，评估带外周神经或脊髓挫伤的啮齿动物的功能恢复

Peripheral and central nerve injuries are mostly studied in rodents, especially rats, given the fact that these animal models are both cost-effective and ...