本研究得到了国家自然科学基金（U20A20118）和生态环境研究所湖南省洞庭湖防灾减灾技术监测与防灾减灾技术湖南省工程研究中心开放基金（2023-DTH-04）的支持。

所有动物实验均经中国科学院亚热带农业研究所伦理委员会批准。
1.防啮齿动物墙的建造
<ol><li>挡浪墙的施工<ol><li>建造比路堤面高0.5米的挡浪墙。用水泥将湖边的墙面平整，并在顶部添加一块比墙稍宽的平板，使其延伸 8 厘米，类似于舌头（图 1）。这确保了啮齿动物无法爬墙。 注：挡浪墙的高度和平板的宽度可根据不同的啮齿动物进行建造。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>挖防啮齿动物的沟渠<ol><li>当一些挡浪墙有通向海滩的缝隙时，在缝隙处挖一条防啮齿动物的沟渠。沟渠深0.5米，比挡浪墙的缝隙略宽。</li>
		<li>在沟渠中填土或覆盖薄水泥板，以方便行人和车辆通过。在汛期，去除薄水泥板并清除沟渠中的土壤，从而完全阻断啮齿动物的迁徙路径（图2）。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>埋盆屏障法<ol><li>首先，沿着堤坝竖起围栏。</li>
		<li>由纤维板、塑料薄膜和木板组成挡板，并用木桩支撑。</li>
		<li>将板栅栏埋入土壤5-10厘米，高度为0.5 m。将深盆以 50 m 的间隔埋在固定围栏之间。</li>
		<li>确保花盆深 80 厘米，直径 60 厘米，并埋在挡板旁边的土壤中，花盆口与地面齐平（图 3）。</li>
		<li>啮齿动物接近堤坝，沿着栅栏行走，然后被引导到花盆中。最后，疏通花盆并清理啮齿动物。</li>
	</ol></li>
</ol>2. 效率统计方法
<ol><li>捕捉陷阱法<ol><li>在整个调查期间使用捕捉器，使用生葵花籽作为诱饵。沿线样带对三到四个地块进行采样，每个地块约 6-10 公顷。确保地块之间的距离为 >150 m，并在每个地块中安装 80-100 个陷阱，每 5 m 放置一个陷阱。</li>
		<li>每年春末夏初水位上升后，对相应调查湖的农田进行调查。</li>
		<li>沿田脊以5米的间隔铺设陷阱，每个区域放置>200个陷阱。下午放置陷阱，第二天早上收集。然后，根据物种计算捕获的啮齿动物。</li>
		<li>使用以下公式计算相对丰度，这是陷阱成功的指示： <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/66596/66596eq01.jpg" style="margin: auto;"> 其中 A 是捕获的啮齿动物数量， B 是陷阱的有效数量， C 是啮齿动物的相对丰度。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>农作物损失统计<ol><li>如果农作物位于湖滩堤坝的另一侧，则使用农作物损害统计数据来控制啮齿动物的影响16.<ol><li>在进行啮齿动物相对丰度调查的同时，对调查区域内的稻田进行随机抽样。</li>
			<li>根据单一的五点对角线采样方法对所选字段进行采样，从每个字段收集五个样本方块。在每个方形样品中收集水稻幼苗（10×10株植物）。</li>
		</ol></li>
		<li>记录幼苗总数和被啮齿动物折断的幼苗数量，以确定损坏率。通过计算啮齿动物在控制啮齿动物之前和之后因损害而产生的成本来确定啮齿动物控制的有效性。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>诱饵消耗方式<ol><li>在调查区域放置相同大小的诱饵，一定时间后，计算诱饵消耗率作为啮齿动物密度的指标17。<ol><li>如果使用的诱饵是大米，则以重量（g）计算诱饵消耗量。同时，控制诱饵中水分的自然减少，以纠正诱饵消耗。如果诱饵是大颗粒或块状物，例如红薯，请观察并记录消耗的颗粒或块状物的数量。</li>
		</ol></li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>开孔法<ol><li>堵住原来的孔洞，减少对废弃孔的误判。</li>
		<li>通过比较啮齿动物在农田中挖的洞的数量，确定有或没有防啮齿动物墙的啮齿动物预防的有效性。 注意：堵塞孔应严格进行，最好在大鼠活动高峰之前进行，例如晚上的家鼠或清晨的地松鼠。</li>
	</ol></li>
</ol>3. 统计分析
<ol><li>使用适当的数据分析软件分析数据，并使用卡方检验 （χ2） 确定每个捕获率的显著性，统计显著性设置为 P <0.05。 注：SPSS用于分析数据。其他统计软件也可用于统计分析，如DPS。</li>
</ol>

通过防啮齿动物结构减少农业中的啮齿动物侵扰

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作者没有什么可透露的。

该协议中有几个关键步骤。防啮齿动物墙舌形平板的宽度应足够宽，并且应将墙的高度设置为该区域的啮齿动物无法越过它。当挡浪墙有通向海滩的缝隙时，防啮齿动物沟槽的深度应设置为啮齿动物无法攀爬的深度，沟渠的宽度应设置为啮齿动物无法跨越的距离。埋盆屏障法中挡板和花盆的高度应设置为啮齿动物无法跨越的高度。当一个地区发生啮齿动物爆发时，应定期清理花盆中的啮齿动物，?...

啮齿动物的危害是一种重要的生物灾害，对人类生产和生活的各个方面造成广泛的破坏1,2。在农业中，农田的啮齿动物侵扰会损害农作物3;在林业中，啮齿动物以树苗、树根、树皮和植物种子为食，导致森林更新延迟和树木死亡，进而影响森林绿化和固沙4;在草原上，啮齿动物以根和种子为食，导致草原植被退化和砂土增加，影响草原畜牧业的发展5.此外，啮齿动物是许多病毒、细菌和寄生虫的宿主，可严重危害人类健康6.
洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，是我国重要的蓄水抑洪湖7。它具有许多生态功能，如防洪和滞留、生物多样性保护和水资源供应8,9。近几十年来，洞庭湖地区发生过多次啮齿动物暴发，特别是2007年芦苇田鼠Microtus fortis的暴发，造成了巨大的经济损失10。在旱季，M. fortis 在洞庭湖地区的湖滩上生长和繁殖。夏季汛期，洞庭湖水位上升，汛期，桫椤的栖息地不断缩小，迫使其通过游泳、越过防洪堤、到达附近的农田等方式迁入堤坝，对农业生产造成极大危害11,12。Chen等人基于位于湖南省益阳市的金边农场和南大镇共同创建的防浪挡土墙方法，提出了一种建造防啮齿墙阻断鲈桐迁徙路径的控制措施13,14。在没有防啮齿动物墙的堤坝中，大量的 M. fortis 会在迁徙期间和迁徙后对农作物造成毁灭性的破坏。没有防啮齿动物墙的堤坝通常是人工捕获和下药，以在啮齿动物进入农田期间和之后消灭它们。在具有防啮齿动物墙的堤坝的情况下，许多啮齿动物在 M. fortis 爆发期间仍留在堤坝外。因此，许多诱捕和消除作业是在堤坝外进行的;一般来说，农田不需要实施化学药物或人工诱捕。这种方法可以显着降低害虫的密度，而不会对农田作物造成严重伤害。常规的啮齿动物药物预防方法无法达到预期效果，存在与环境污染和人畜安全相关的隐患15。考虑到啮齿动物容易爆发并造成灾害的特点，以下方案介绍了三种物理防鼠方法，包括永久性防啮齿动物墙和两种临时墙，并提出了四种测量啮齿动物控制效果的统计方法，为啮齿动物控制提供了科学依据。代替传统的毒饵，防啮齿墙有效保护环境，保障人类和动物健康;因此，它是一种更有效、更环保的控制方法，应该被提倡和大力推广。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Snap traps</td>
			<td>Guixi Mousing Tool Factory, Jiangxi, China</td>
			<td>large-sized</td>
			<td>150 mm &#215; 80 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPSS</td>
			<td>IBM</td>
			<td>version 16.0&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

rodent-proof wall: an efficient physical method for controlling rodents and its efficiency statistics

啮齿动物的危害对农作物、人类生命和健康构成重大威胁。与化学防治啮齿动物（例如放置有毒诱饵）相比，使用物理方法（例如建造防啮齿动物墙）更经济、更环保。本研究介绍了一种物理控制有害啮齿动物的方法和四种计算啮齿动物控制效果的方法。为了解防鼠墙的控制效果，于2012年4月和7月对洞庭湖滩和堤防内的相应农田进行了调查。结果表明，人工诱捕和药物灭药后，有防鼠墙的农田芦苇 田鼠密度 为0.52%，显著低于无防鼠墙的农田（1.76%）（χ2 = 3.900，P = 0.048）。 有防啮齿动物墙的堤坝迁移到农田的 松 树密度下降了98.53%，显著高于无防鼠墙的堤坝密度下降的86.61%（χ2 = 11.060，P = 0.01）。 结果证明了防啮齿动物墙控制的有效性。因此，应倡导并大力推动建造防啮齿动物墙，防止啮齿动物迁徙到洞庭湖地区和类似环境中，因为它们会造成危害。

Rodent damage is an important biological disaster that causes extensive damage to all aspects of human production and life1,2. In agriculture, rodent infestation of farmland damages crops3; in forestry, rodents eat tree seedlings, roots, bark, and plant seeds, leading to delayed forest regeneration and tree death, which in turn affects forest greening and sand fixation4; and in grasslands, rodents eat roots and seeds, leading to degradation of grassland vegetation and increased sanding, which affects the development of the grassland livestock industry5. In addition, rodents are hosts for many viruses, bacteria, and parasites that can seriously endanger human health6.
Dongting Lake, located in the northeastern region of Hunan Province, is an important water storage and flood-regulating lake in China7. It has many ecological functions, such as flood regulation and detention, biodiversity protection, and water resource supply8,9. In recent decades, there have been many rodent outbreaks in the Dongting Lake area, especially an outbreak of the reed vole Microtus fortis in 2007, which caused enormous economic losses10. During the dry season, M. fortis grows and breeds on the lake beach in the Dongting Lake area. As the water level in Dongting Lake rises during the summer flood season, the habitat of M. fortis shrinks, forcing it to migrate into the embankment by swimming, crossing the flood control embankment, and reaching nearby farmlands, causing great harm to agricultural production11,12. Chen et al. proposed a control measure for building a rodent-proof wall to block the migration pathway of M. fortis, based on the wave-retaining wall method jointly created by Jinpen Farm and Nanda Town in Yuanjiang City, both of which are located in Yiyang City, Hunan Province13,14. In dikes without rodent-proof walls, large numbers of M. fortis can cause devastating damage to crops during and after migration. Dikes without rodent-proof walls are typically manually trapped and drugged to exterminate rodents during and after they enter the farmland. In the case of dikes with rodent-proof walls, many rodents remain outside the dikes during M. fortis outbreaks. Thus, many trapping and elimination operations are carried out outside dikes; generally, farmlands do not need to implement chemical drugs or artificial trapping. This approach can significantly reduce the density of vermin without causing serious harm to farmland crops. Conventional rodent drug prevention methods cannot achieve the expected effects, and there are hidden dangers associated with environmental pollution and human and animal safety15. Considering the characteristics that allow rodents to easily break out and cause disaster, the following protocol introduces three physical rodent control methods, including a permanent rodent-proof wall and two kinds of temporary walls, and presents four statistical methods to measure rodent control effect, providing a scientific basis for rodent control. Instead of the traditional poisonous bait, the rodent-proof wall effectively protects the environment and safeguards the health of humans and animals; thus, it is a more effective and environmentally friendly control method that should be advocated and vigorously promoted.

作者聚焦：物理屏障对农田地区啮齿动物种群的影响

防啮齿动物墙：一种有效的控制啮齿动物的物理方法及其效率统计

Rodent damage poses a significant threat to crops, human life, and the earth. Our study introduced one physical method, the rodent-proof wall, which is suitable to prevent rodents with migratory habits, such as Microtus fortis, in Dongting Lake area. They were migrates from the lake beach to farmland and that causes harm.Rodents are beneficial towards the ecosystem inside the lake beach, but they are harmful when they migrate towards the farmland. It is hard to find a way to control rodents in a central area without causing harm to other areas. The rodent-proof wall might be a good idea in Dongting Lake area.Building a rodent-proof wall can provide long-term protection. This means keeps the rodents contained with a certain area instead of killing them directly. This is friendly to the ecosystem and environment.In Dongting Lake area, the rodent-proof wall was transformed from the original wave-retaining wall, so the cost was low.

为确定防啮齿动物墙的控制效果，分别于2012年4月和7月对湖滩和相应的堤坝农田进行了水位上升前后的调查15。勘察地点位于湖南省洞庭湖区，即岳阳县马塘源外湖滩（北纬29°14.5′;东经113°03.2′）、大同湖区北洲子镇（北纬29°10.1′;东经112°47.7′）、元江市南大镇双丰堤（北纬29°1.3′;东经112°45.2′）和元江市创业园南嘴镇木南村堤外牟平湖（北纬28°59.6′;东经112°15.1′）。北...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Impact of Physical Barriers on Rodent Populations in Farmland Areas at JoVE.com

在这里，我们介绍了三种对害虫啮齿动物进行物理防治的方法，四种计算它们对啮齿动物有效性的方法，以及建造防啮齿动物墙的效果统计。

Rodent damage poses a significant threat to crops, human life, and health. Compared to chemical rodent control, such as placing poisonous baits, it is ...

啮齿动物的危害对农作物、人类生命和地球构成重大威胁。本研究介绍了一种物理方法，即防啮齿动物墙，该方法适用于防止洞庭湖地区具有迁徙习性的啮齿动物，如Microtus fortis。他们从湖滩迁移到农田，这造成了伤害。啮齿动物对湖滩内的生态系统有益，但当它们向农田迁移时却是有害的。很难找到一种方法来控制中心区域的啮齿动物而不对其他区域造成伤害。在洞庭湖地区，防啮齿动物墙可能是一个好主意。建造防啮齿动物的墙可以提供长期保护。这意味着将啮齿动物控制在一定区域内，而不是直接杀死它们。这对生态系统和环境是友好的。在洞庭湖地区，防鼠墙由原来的挡浪墙改造而成，成本低廉。

rodent-proof-wall-an-efficient-physical-method-for-controlling

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Rodent-Proof Wall: An Efficient Physical Method for Controlling Rodents and its Efficiency Statistics

421 次观看.  Chinese Academy of Sciences. 啮齿动物的危害对农作物、人类生命和地球构成重大威胁。本研究介绍了一种物理方法，即防啮齿动物墙，该方法适用于防止洞庭湖地区具有迁徙习性的啮齿动物，如Microtus fortis。他们从湖滩迁移到农田，这造成了伤害。啮齿动物对湖滩内的生态系统有益，但当它们向农田迁移时却是有害的。很难找到一种方法来控制中心区域的啮齿动物而不对其他区域造成伤害。在洞?...