<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>药用植物的 DNA 条形码：鉴定和系统发育分析

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>CTAB Rapid Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Kit</td>
			<td>Shanghai Huiling Biotechnology Co.</td>
			<td>NG411M</td>
			<td>Suitable for rapid extraction of high quality genomic DNA from different tissues of a wide range of plants</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DL5000 DNA Marker</td>
			<td>Nanjing vazyme Bio-technology Co.</td>
			<td>MD102-02</td>
			<td>Ready-to-use product, take an appropriate amount of this product directly for electrophoresis when running the gel.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrophoresis</td>
			<td>Beijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co.</td>
			<td>DYY-6C</td>
			<td>Adopt touch screen design, can display set voltage, set current at the same time, parallel output</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid</td>
			<td>BeijingpsaitongBiotechnologyCo.,Ltd</td>
			<td>E70015-100G</td>
			<td>Nuclear Isolation Buffer formulation reagents.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goldview Nucleic Acid Gel Stain(10,000&#215;)</td>
			<td>Yisheng Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>10201ES03</td>
			<td>When using agarose gel electrophoresis to detect DNA, it binds to DNA and produces a strong fluorescent signal.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-Speed Tabletop Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Changsha High-tech Industrial Development Zone Xiangyi Centrifuge Instrument Co.</td>
			<td>H1650</td>
			<td>For fast and efficient separation of samples, this compact and lightweight centrifuge offers reliable safety</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-Throughput Tissue Grinder</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jingxin Industrial Development Co.</td>
			<td>Tiss-48</td>
			<td>A high-frequency vibration instrument for grinding samples</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>http://www.gpgenome.com/</td>
			<td>Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>HerbGenomics database includes genome sequences, gene sets, organelle genomes, low coverage genome data and DNA barcode sequences.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/</td>
			<td>U.S. National Library of Medicine</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kylin-Bell</td>
			<td>Haimen Qilinbel Instrument Manufacturing Co.</td>
			<td>VORTEX-5</td>
			<td>Rapid mixing in the form of a high-speed vortex, mixing speed, uniformity, thoroughness</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LifeTouch</td>
			<td>Hangzhou BORI Technology Co.</td>
			<td>TC-96/G/H(b)B</td>
			<td>Adoption of advanced thermoelectric refrigeration technology and newly created TAS technology to enhance its overall performance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multi-functional Gel Image Analysis System</td>
			<td>Southwest Operation Center of Shanghai Tianneng Life Science Co.</td>
			<td>Tanon-Mini Space 2000</td>
			<td>Performs rapid gene amplification experiments with a gradient function for mapping amplification conditions and a gradient temperature range of up to 30&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Beijing Solarbio Science&#38;Technology Co.,Ltd.</td>
			<td>S8210-100</td>
			<td>Nuclear Isolation Buffer formulation reagents.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanodrop One</td>
			<td>Genes Ltd.</td>
			<td>ND ONE</td>
			<td>Quantify DNA, RNA and protein samples in seconds with just 1-2 &#181;L of sample</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyvinyl pyrrolidone</td>
			<td>Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>S30268-500g</td>
			<td>Nuclear Isolation Buffer formulation reagents.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Snowflake Ice Maker</td>
			<td>Shanghai Zhixin Experimental Instrument Technology Co.</td>
			<td>ZX-60X</td>
			<td>Adopting rotary extrusion ice making method, fast ice making speed and high efficiency of ice production</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless Steel Beads for Tissue Homogenizer</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotechnology.&#160;</td>
			<td>F6623</td>
			<td>Equipment for grinding and mixing of tissue and other samples by vibration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris Acetate-EDTA buffer</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotech Inc</td>
			<td>ST716</td>
			<td>TAE is a commonly used buffer for DNA electrophoresis, frequently employed in agarose gel electrophoresis.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris-HCl</td>
			<td>Beijing Solarbio Science&#38;Technology Co.,Ltd.</td>
			<td>T8230</td>
			<td>Nuclear Isolation Buffer formulation reagents.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water bath Kettle</td>
			<td>Shanghai Senxin Experimental Instrument Co.</td>
			<td>DK-8D</td>
			<td>Precise thermostat and temperature regulation, accurate and reliable temperature control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Shanghai Eon Chemical Technology Co.</td>
			<td>R054186-100ml&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Nuclear Isolation Buffer formulation reagents.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

application of dna barcoding to identify medicinal plants

Medicinal plants have a wide range of pharmacological effects and are important substances for the treatment and prevention of diseases. The market demand for medicinal plants in herbal medicines and pharmaceutical products is huge and still growing. With the increasing market for medicinal plants, the problem of adulteration has hindered the development of medicinal plants. Currently, medicinal plant adulteration suffers from these reasons: 1) the similar morphology of medicinal plants makes it difficult to identify and use them correctly1,2,3,4,5, 2) the increasing demand for medicinal plants has led to insufficient supply in the market6,7, 3) medicinal plants are expensive and have fluctuating prices, and the use of cheap herbs instead of economically valuable materials has led to adulteration and market profiteering8,9. To solve the problems of proper identification and use of medicinal plants, there is a need for a technology that allows non-specialists to identify the source10.
There are limitations to properly identifying and using medicinal plants by appearance and odor alone11. For more accurate identification and quality control, physicochemical methods are employed12. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), for instance, is a rapid method for identifying medicinal herbs and is included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Nevertheless, it requires reference standards to identify the plants13. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can perform both qualitative and quantitative tests, making it suitable for medicine quality testing. However, this instrument is expensive and requires specialized knowledge to operate14,15. DNA barcoding technology is a rapid and accurate species identification technology that identifies species by using stable DNA sequences to differentiate between plants with similar morphology. Hebert et al. proposed DNA barcoding technology to identify species, which uses a recognized and relatively short DNA sequence within the genome16, Chen et al. proposed ITS2 as a universal sequence for the molecular identification of medicinal plants and identified more than 6600 plants and found a high identification ability17. The study of medicinal plants based on ITS2 and chloroplast gene fragments has demonstrated the ability to distinguish species at the species level, with applications in the fields of resource protection, market regulation, and international trade17,18,19. The application of DNA barcoding can overcome the limitations of traditional identification methods, which is helpful in ensuring the quality and safety of medicinal plants, preventing resource abuse and confusion20. It has proven beneficial for studying medicinal plants, supporting the growth of the herbal industry in a sustainable manner, and providing a guarantee that the consumer uses the correct medication21,22,23,24.
The paper outlines protocols for how to apply DNA barcoding to identify medicinal plants using A. sinensis as an example. DNA barcoding utilizes one or more standardized short genetic markers in an organism&#39;s DNA to recognize it as belonging to a particular species. Current methods for identifying medicinal plants have certain limitations. Traditional morphological identification relies heavily on experts&#39; extensive experience, which can be influenced by human factors, while chemical identification is prone to issues like adulteration of key compounds. In contrast, DNA barcoding provides a more accurate means of species identification, offering advantages such as speed, high reproducibility, and stability. Furthermore, this technology enables centralized management and sharing of existing species sequence data through the internet and information platforms, significantly improving the efficiency and reliability of species identification11,12. Due to their similar morphology and medicinal parts, A. sinensis is often confused with other species and is frequently misused or intentionally substituted on the market25. Yang et al. identified A. anomala using DNA barcoding to distinguish it from false drugs26. Yuan et al. collected 23 species of Angelica and used DNA barcoding to differentiate between the various species27. By following the procedures described in this protocol, users will be able to authenticate plant-based medicinal materials from pre-processing to ultimately matching the barcoding sequence with the barcode database (Figure 1).

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：利用 DNA 条形码技术提高药用植物鉴定的效率

DNA 条形码在药用植物鉴定中的应用

Medicinal plants are valuable resources globally and are used worldwide to maintain health and treat disease; however, the presence of adulteration ...

application-of-dna-barcoding-to-identify-medicinal-plants

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

Application of DNA Barcoding to Identify Medicinal Plants

739 次观看.  Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 我的研究旨在利用 DNA 条形码技术的力量来提高药用植物鉴定的准确性和效率，从而为保护和可持续利用其宝贵的自然资源做出贡献。DNA 条形码技术已发现更广泛的应用，例如通过监测或保护物种进行质量控制以及生物多样性评估。将高通量筛选和高通量扩增与 DNA 条形码相结合进行物种鉴定，扩展了基于 DNA 条形码的草药鉴定的应用，带出了过去的...

视频: 作者聚焦：利用 DNA 条形码技术提高药用植物鉴定的效率

Medicinal plants are valuable resources globally and are used worldwide to maintain health and treat disease; however, the presence of adulteration obstructs their development. DNA barcoding, a technique for species identification by standard DNA regions, facilitates prompt and accurate identification of traditional medicinal plants. The process of DNA barcoding entails six basic steps: 1) processing the medicinal plants, 2) extracting high-quality total DNA from the medicinal plants using centrifugal column method, 3) amplifying target DNA region internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) with universal primers of plants and performing Sanger sequencing, 4) splicing and aligning sequence to obtain the target sequence, 5) matching the barcode sequence against the barcode library for identification, 6) aligning sequence, comparing intraspecific and interspecific variation, constructing phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree. As shown in the results, the universal primer can amplify the target region. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) demonstrates the percentage identified was 100%, and the neighbor-joining tree demonstrates that the splicing sequences were clustered with the A. sinensis OR879715.1 clade, and the clade support value is 100. This protocol provides a reference for applying DNA barcoding technology as an effective method to identify medicinal plants and adulterants.

The present protocol describes the use of DNA barcoding technology to authenticate plant-based medicinal materials, and the medicinal plant Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels was identified as an example.