<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>中风复康双上肢机械人训练

<ol>
	<li>Feigin, V. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=World+Stroke+Organization+(WSO):+Global+stroke+fact+sheet+2022.">World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global stroke fact sheet 2022.</a> Int J Stroke. 17 (1), 18-29 (2022).</li><li>Kiper, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+immersive+virtual+reality+on+upper-extremity+stroke+rehabilitation:+A+systematic+review+with+meta-analysis.">Effects of immersive virtual reality on upper-extremity stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review with meta-analysis.</a> J Clin Med. 13 (1), 146 (2023).</li><li>Yao, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cognitive+function+and+upper+limb+rehabilitation+training+post-stroke+using+a+digital+occupational+training+system.">Cognitive function and upper limb rehabilitation training post-stroke using a digital occupational training system.</a> J Vis Exp. (202), e65994 (2023).</li><li>Tang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bilateral+upper+limb+robot-assisted+rehabilitation+improves+upper+limb+motor+function+in+stroke+patients:+a+study+based+on+quantitative+EEG.">Bilateral upper limb robot-assisted rehabilitation improves upper limb motor function in stroke patients: a study based on quantitative EEG.</a> Eur J Med Res. 28 (1), 603 (2023).</li><li>Yang, S. -. W., Ma, S. -. R., Choi, J. -. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+3-dimensional+robotic+therapy+combined+with+electromyography-triggered+neuromuscular+electrical+stimulation+on+upper+limb+function+and+cerebral+cortex+activation+in+stroke+patients:+A+randomized+controlled+trial.">Effect of 3-dimensional robotic therapy combined with electromyography-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation on upper limb function and cerebral cortex activation in stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial.</a> Bioengineering. 11 (1), 12 (2023).</li><li>Chen, P. M., Kwong, P. W. H., Lai, C. K. Y., Ng, S. S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+bilateral+and+unilateral+upper+limb+training+in+people+with+stroke:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Comparison of bilateral and unilateral upper limb training in people with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> PLoS One. 14 (5), e0216357 (2019).</li><li>Dhakate, D., Bhattad, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+the+effectiveness+of+bilateral+arm+training+on+upper+extremity+motor+function+and+activity+level+in+patients+with+sub-acute+stroke.">Study the effectiveness of bilateral arm training on upper extremity motor function and activity level in patients with sub-acute stroke.</a> Int J Cur Res Rev. 12 (20), 2987 (2020).</li><li>Ahn, S. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Benefits+of+robot-assisted+upper-limb+rehabilitation+from+the+subacute+stage+after+a+stroke+of+varying+severity:+A+multicenter+randomized+controlled+trial.">Benefits of robot-assisted upper-limb rehabilitation from the subacute stage after a stroke of varying severity: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.</a> J Clin Med. 13 (3), 808 (2024).</li><li>Li, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual-tDCS+combined+with+sensorimotor+training+promotes+upper+limb+function+in+subacute+stroke+patients:+A+randomized,+double-blinded,+sham-controlled+study.">Dual-tDCS combined with sensorimotor training promotes upper limb function in subacute stroke patients: A randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled study.</a> CNS Neurosci Ther. 30 (4), e14530 (2023).</li><li>Yuan, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+uni-+vs.+bilateral+upper+limb+robot-assisted+rehabilitation+on+motor+function,+activities+of+daily+living,+and+electromyography+in+hemiplegic+stroke:+A+single-blinded+three-arm+randomized+controlled+trial.">Effects of uni- vs. bilateral upper limb robot-assisted rehabilitation on motor function, activities of daily living, and electromyography in hemiplegic stroke: A single-blinded three-arm randomized controlled trial.</a> J Clin Med. 12 (8), 2950 (2023).</li><li>Song, Y. -. H., Lee, H. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+immersive+virtual+reality-based+bilateral+arm+training+in+patients+with+chronic+stroke.">Effect of immersive virtual reality-based bilateral arm training in patients with chronic stroke.</a> Brain Sci. 11 (8), 1032 (2021).</li><li>Dembele, J., Triccas, L. T., Amanzonw&#233;, L. E. R., Kossi, O., Spooren, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bilateral+versus+unilateral+upper+limb+training+in+(sub)acute+stroke:+A+systematic+and+meta-analysis.">Bilateral versus unilateral upper limb training in (sub)acute stroke: A systematic and meta-analysis.</a> S Afr J Physiother. 80 (1), 1985 (2024).</li><li>Wu, J. Y., Cheng, H., Zhang, J. Q., Bai, Z. F., Cai, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+modulatory+effects+of+bilateral+arm+training+(BAT)+on+the+brain+in+stroke+patients:+a+systematic+review.">The modulatory effects of bilateral arm training (BAT) on the brain in stroke patients: a systematic review.</a> Neurol Sci. 42 (2), 501-511 (2021).</li><li>Yang, X. W., Shi, X. B., Xue, X. L., Deng, Z. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+robot-assisted+training+on+rehabilitation+of+upper+limb+function+in+patients+with+stroke:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Efficacy of robot-assisted training on rehabilitation of upper limb function in patients with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 104 (9), 1498-1513 (2023).</li><li>Wu, J. Y., Cheng, H., Zhang, J. Q., Yang, S. L., Cai, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robot-assisted+therapy+for+upper+extremity+motor+impairment+after+stroke:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Robot-assisted therapy for upper extremity motor impairment after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Phys Ther. 101 (4), pzab010 (2021).</li><li>Meseguer-Henarejos, A. B., S&#225;nchez-Meca, J., L&#243;pez-Pina, J. A., Carles-Hern&#225;ndez, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inter-+and+intra-rater+reliability+of+the+Modified+Ashworth+Scale:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 54 (4), 576-590 (2018).</li><li>Groppa, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+practical+guide+to+diagnostic+transcranial+magnetic+stimulation:+report+of+an+IFCN+committee.">A practical guide to diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN committee.</a> Clin Neurophysiol. 123 (5), 858-882 (2012).</li><li>Fong, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+the+Hong+Kong+version+of+the+functional+test+for+the+hemiplegic+upper+extremity+(FTHUE-HK).">Development of the Hong Kong version of the functional test for the hemiplegic upper extremity (FTHUE-HK).</a> Hong Kong J Occup Th. 14 (1), 21-29 (2004).</li><li>Hern&#225;ndez, E. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intra-+and+inter-rater+reliability+of+Fugl-Meyer+Assessment+of+Upper+Extremity+in+stroke.">Intra- and inter-rater reliability of Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity in stroke.</a> J Rehabil Med. 51 (9), 652-659 (2019).</li><li>Ohura, T., Hase, K., Nakajima, Y., Nakayama, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Validity+and+reliability+of+a+performance+evaluation+tool+based+on+the+modified+Barthel+Index+for+stroke+patients.">Validity and reliability of a performance evaluation tool based on the modified Barthel Index for stroke patients.</a> BMC Med Res Methodol. 17 (1), 131 (2017).</li><li>Wu, J., Cheng, H., Zhang, J., Bai, Z., Cai, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+modulatory+effects+of+bilateral+arm+training+(BAT)+on+the+brain+in+stroke+patients:+a+systematic+review.">The modulatory effects of bilateral arm training (BAT) on the brain in stroke patients: a systematic review.</a> Neurol Sci. 42 (2), 501-511 (2021).</li><li>Hsu, H. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic-assisted+therapy+with+bilateral+practice+improves+task+and+motor+performance+in+the+upper+extremities+of+chronic+stroke+patients:+A+randomised+controlled+trial.">Robotic-assisted therapy with bilateral practice improves task and motor performance in the upper extremities of chronic stroke patients: A randomised controlled trial.</a> Aust Occup Ther J. 66 (5), 637-647 (2019).</li><li>Kitsos, G. H., Hubbard, I. J., Kitsos, A. R., Parsons, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ipsilesional+upper+limb+can+be+affected+following+stroke.">The ipsilesional upper limb can be affected following stroke.</a> ScientificWorldJournal. 2013, 684860 (2013).</li><li>Bustr&#233;n, E. L., Sunnerhagen, K. S., Alt Murphy, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Movement+kinematics+of+the+ipsilesional+upper+extremity+in+persons+with+moderate+or+mild+stroke.">Movement kinematics of the ipsilesional upper extremity in persons with moderate or mild stroke.</a> Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 31 (4), 376-386 (2017).</li><li>da Silva, E. S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+priming+on+outcomes+of+task-oriented+training+for+the+upper+extremity+in+chronic+stroke:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">The effect of priming on outcomes of task-oriented training for the upper extremity in chronic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 34 (6), 479-504 (2020).</li><li>Lee, C. Y., Howe, T. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effectiveness+of+activity-based+task-oriented+training+on+upper+extremity+recovery+for+adults+with+stroke:+A+systematic+review.">Effectiveness of activity-based task-oriented training on upper extremity recovery for adults with stroke: A systematic review.</a> Am J Occup Ther. 78 (2), 7802180070 (2024).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Dual upper limb task-oriented robotic system</td>
			<td>Auckland Tongji Rehabilitation Medical Equipment Research Center, Tongji Zhejiang College</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>The dual upper limb task-oriented robotic system can aid stroke patients in bilateral upper limb virtual game training by regulating force transmission between the healthy and affected upper limbs.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stimulation therapy system</td>
			<td>Sichuan Junjian Wanfeng Medical Equipment Co.,Ltd.</td>
			<td>http://www.jjwf-med.com</td>
			<td> 
			This system can be used to measure the Motor evoked potential (MEP)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPSS 25.0</td>
			<td>IBM</td>
			<td>Version 25.0</td>
			<td>https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/downloading-ibm-spss-statistics-25</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

application of a dual upper limb task-oriented robotic system for the functional recovery of the upper limb in stroke patients

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:通过先进的机器人和神经调控技术增强中风患者的上肢康复

双上肢任务导向机器人系统在脑卒中患者上肢功能恢复中的应用

Highly repetitive and task-oriented training has been shown to promote the recovery of limb function in stroke patients. Additionally, bilateral arm ...

application-dual-upper-limb-task-oriented-robotic-system-for

Without Section

Research

Application of a Dual Upper Limb Task-Oriented Robotic System for the Functional Recovery of the Upper Limb in Stroke Patients

JoVE Journal

Medicine

349 次观看.  Graduate School of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. 我们的研究重点是中风或创伤性脑损伤患者的康复，我们正在尝试研究我们的机器人辅助上肢训练策略对中风患者上肢功能恢复的影响。我们的方案整合了双侧上肢训练、任务导向活动和机器人辅助训练，以增强中风患者上肢功能的康复。我们将重点研究神经调控技术、虚拟现实技术和人工智能机器人助手对中风后肢体功能康复的影响。

视频: 作者聚焦:通过先进的机器人和神经调控技术增强中风患者的上肢康复

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Patients suffering from homonymous hemianopia after infarction of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) report different degrees of constraint in daily life, despite similar visual deficits. We assume this could be due to variable development of compensatory strategies such as altered visual scanning behavior. Scanning compensatory therapy (SCT) is studied as part of the visual training after infarction next to vision restoration therapy. SCT consists of learning to make larger eye movements into the blind field enlarging the visual field of search, which has been proven to be the most useful strategy1, not only in natural search tasks but also in mastering daily life activities2. Nevertheless, in clinical routine it is difficult to identify individual levels and training effects of compensatory behavior, since it requires measurement of eye movements in a head unrestrained condition. Studies demonstrated that unrestrained head movements alter the visual exploratory behavior compared to a head-restrained laboratory condition3. Martin et al.4 and Hayhoe et al.5 showed that behavior demonstrated in a laboratory setting cannot be assigned easily to a natural condition. Hence, our goal was to develop a study set-up which uncovers different compensatory oculomotor strategies quickly in a realistic testing situation: Patients are tested in the clinical environment in a driving simulator. SILAB software (Wuerzburg Institute for Traffic Sciences GmbH (WIVW)) was used to program driving scenarios of varying complexity and recording the driver's performance. The software was combined with a head mounted infrared video pupil tracker, recording head- and eye-movements (EyeSeeCam, University of Munich Hospital, Clinical Neurosciences).
The positioning of the patient in the driving simulator and the positioning, adjustment and calibration of the camera is demonstrated. Typical performances of a patient with and without compensatory strategy and a healthy control are illustrated in this pilot study. Different oculomotor behaviors (frequency and amplitude of eye- and head-movements) are evaluated very quickly during the drive itself by dynamic overlay pictures indicating where the subjects gaze is located on the screen, and by analyzing the data. Compensatory gaze behavior in a patient leads to a driving performance comparable to a healthy control, while the performance of a patient without compensatory behavior is significantly worse. The data of eye- and head-movement-behavior as well as driving performance are discussed with respect to different oculomotor strategies and in a broader context with respect to possible training effects throughout the testing session and implications on rehabilitation potential.

Patients with visual deficits after stroke report about different constraints in daily life most likely due to variable compensatory strategies, which are difficult to differentiate in clinical routine. We present a clinical set-up which allows measurement of different compensatory head- and eye-movement-strategies and evaluating their effects on driving performance.

驾驶模拟诊所:测试视觉与视野缺损的患者在日常活动中的探索行为

Patients suffering from homonymous hemianopia after infarction of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) report different degrees of constraint in daily ...

科研

医学

Utilizing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language Function in Stroke Patients with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been shown to significantly improve language function in patients with non-fluent aphasia1. In this experiment, we demonstrate the administration of low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) to an optimal stimulation site in the right hemisphere in patients with chronic non-fluent aphasia. A battery of standardized language measures is administered in order to assess baseline performance. Patients are subsequently randomized to either receive real rTMS or initial sham stimulation. Patients in the real stimulation undergo a site-finding phase, comprised of a series of six rTMS sessions administered over five days; stimulation is delivered to a different site in the right frontal lobe during each of these sessions. Each site-finding session consists of 600 pulses of 1 Hz rTMS, preceded and followed by a picture-naming task. By comparing the degree of transient change in naming ability elicited by stimulation of candidate sites, we are able to locate the area of optimal response for each individual patient. We then administer rTMS to this site during the treatment phase. During treatment, patients undergo a total of ten days of stimulation over the span of two weeks; each session is comprised of 20 min of 1 Hz rTMS delivered at 90% resting motor threshold. Stimulation is paired with an fMRI-naming task on the first and last days of treatment. After the treatment phase is complete, the language battery obtained at baseline is repeated two and six months following stimulation in order to identify rTMS-induced changes in performance. The fMRI-naming task is also repeated two and six months following treatment. Patients who are randomized to the sham arm of the study undergo sham site-finding, sham treatment, fMRI-naming studies, and repeat language testing two months after completing sham treatment. Sham patients then cross over into the real stimulation arm, completing real site-finding, real treatment, fMRI, and two- and six-month post-stimulation language testing.

We explore the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to improve language abilities in patients with chronic stroke and non-fluent aphasia. After identifying a site in the right frontal gyrus for each patient that responds optimally to stimulation, we target this site during ten days of rTMS treatment.

利用重复经颅磁刺激改善脑卒中患者的语言功能与慢性非流利性失语

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been shown to significantly improve language function in patients with non-fluent aphasia1. In this ...

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Obtaining in vivo human brain tissue volumetrics from MRI is often complicated by various technical and biological issues. These challenges are exacerbated when significant brain atrophy and age-related white matter changes (e.g. Leukoaraiosis) are present. Lesion Explorer (LE) is an accurate and reliable neuroimaging pipeline specifically developed to address such issues commonly observed on MRI of Alzheimer's disease and normal elderly. The pipeline is a complex set of semi-automatic procedures which has been previously validated in a series of internal and external reliability tests1,2. However, LE's accuracy and reliability is highly dependent on properly trained manual operators to execute commands, identify distinct anatomical landmarks, and manually edit/verify various computer-generated segmentation outputs.
LE can be divided into 3 main components, each requiring a set of commands and manual operations: 1) Brain-Sizer, 2) SABRE, and 3) Lesion-Seg. Brain-Sizer's manual operations involve editing of the automatic skull-stripped total intracranial vault (TIV) extraction mask, designation of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (vCSF), and removal of subtentorial structures. The SABRE component requires checking of image alignment along the anterior and posterior commissure (ACPC) plane, and identification of several anatomical landmarks required for regional parcellation. Finally, the Lesion-Seg component involves manual checking of the automatic lesion segmentation of subcortical hyperintensities (SH) for false positive errors.
While on-site training of the LE pipeline is preferable, readily available visual teaching tools with interactive training images are a viable alternative. Developed to ensure a high degree of accuracy and reliability, the following is a step-by-step, video-guided, standardized protocol for LE's manual procedures.

Lesion Explorer (LE) is a semi-automatic, image-processing pipeline developed to obtain regional brain tissue and subcortical hyperintensity lesion volumetrics from structural MRI of Alzheimer's disease and normal elderly. To ensure a high level of accuracy and reliability, the following is a video-guided, standardized protocol for LE's manual procedures.

病变资源管理器:一个视频引导，标准化为老年痴呆症准确，可靠的MRI衍生Volumetrics和正常老年人协议

Obtaining in vivo human brain tissue volumetrics from MRI is often complicated by various technical and biological issues. These challenges are ...

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

Examining molecular mechanisms involved in neuropathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, can be difficult when using whole animal systems. As such, primary or &#39;neuronal-like&#39; cell culture systems are commonly utilized. While&#160;these systems are relatively easy to work with, and are useful model systems in which various functional outcomes (such as cell death) can be readily quantified, the examined outcomes and pathways in cultured immature neurons (such as excitotoxicity-mediated cell death pathways) are not necessarily the same as those observed in mature brain, or in intact tissue. Therefore, there is the need to develop models in which cellular mechanisms in mature neural tissue can be examined. We have developed an in vitro technique that can be used to investigate a variety of molecular pathways in intact nervous tissue. The technique described herein utilizes rat cortical tissue, but this technique can be adapted to use tissue from a variety of species (such as mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, and chicken) or brain regions (for example, hippocampus, striatum, etc.). Additionally, a variety of stimulations/treatments can be used (for example, excitotoxic, administration of inhibitors, etc.). In conclusion, the brain slice model described herein can be used to examine a variety of molecular mechanisms involved in excitotoxicity-mediated brain injury.

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

We have developed a brain slice model which can be used to examine molecular mechanisms involved in excitotoxicity-mediated brain injury.&#160;This technique generates viable mature brain tissue and reduces animal numbers required for experimentation, whilst keeping the neuronal circuitry, cellular interactions, and postsynaptic compartments partly intact.

脑Microslices的兴奋性刺激作为<em&gt;在体外</em&gt;中风模型

Examining molecular mechanisms involved in neuropathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, can be difficult when using whole animal systems. As ...

Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning:  A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents

Sublethal ischemia protects tissues against subsequent, more severe ischemia through the upregulation of endogenous mechanisms in the affected tissue. Sublethal ischemia has also been shown to upregulate protective mechanisms in remote tissues. A brief period of ischemia (5-10 min) in the hind limb of mammals induces self-protective responses in the brain, lung, heart and retina. The effect is known as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP). It is a therapeutically promising way of protecting vital organs, and is already under clinical trials for heart and brain injuries. This publication demonstrates a controlled, minimally invasive method of making a limb &#8211; specifically the hind limb of a rat &#8211; ischemic. A blood pressure cuff developed for use in human neonates is connected to a manual sphygmomanometer and used to apply 160 mmHg pressure around the upper part of the hind limb. A probe designed to detect skin temperature is used to verify the ischemia, by recording the drop in skin temperature caused by pressure-induced occlusion of the leg arteries, and the rise in temperature which follows release of the cuff. This method of RIP affords protection to the rat retina against bright light-induced damage and degeneration.

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) is a method of conditioning tissues against damaging stress. We have established a method of remote ischemia at the hind limb, by inflating a sphygmomanometer cuff for 5-10 min. The neuroprotective capabilities of RIP have been demonstrated in a model of retinal degeneration in rodents.

远程肢体缺血预适应:在啮齿动物的保护技术

Sublethal ischemia protects tissues against subsequent, more severe ischemia through the upregulation of endogenous mechanisms in the affected tissue. ...

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and translational research in the field of transplantation medicine. A vast array of reagents is available exclusively in this setting, including mono- and polyclonal antibodies for both diagnostic and interventional applications. In addition, a vast number of genotyped, inbred, transgenic, and knock out strains allow detailed investigation of the individual contributions of humoral and cellular components to the complex interplay of an immune response and make the mouse the gold standard for immunological research. 
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) delineates a novel field of transplantation using allografts to replace "like with like" in patients suffering traumatic or congenital tissue loss. This surgical methodological protocol shows the use of a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. The model specifically allows for comparison between established paradigms in solid organ transplantation with a novel form of transplants consisting of various different tissue components. Uniquely, this model allows for the transplantation of a viable vascularized bone marrow compartment and niche that have the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the balance of immune acceptance and rejection. This technique provides a tool to investigate alloantigen recognition and allograft rejection and acceptance, as well as enables the pursuit of functional nerve regeneration studies to further advance this novel field of transplantation.

This novel model for orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse, applying a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis, provides a powerful tool for in&#160;vivo mechanistic immunological research related to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).

原位后肢移植中的鼠标

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and ...

A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers

A key reason for referral to rehabilitation services after stroke and other neurological conditions is to improve one's ability to function in daily life. It has become important to measure a person's activities in daily life, and not just measure their capacity for activity in the structured environment of a clinic or laboratory. A wearable sensor that is now enabling measurement of daily movement is the accelerometer. Accelerometers are commercially-available devices resembling large wrist watches that can be worn throughout the day. Data from accelerometers can quantify how the limbs are engaged to perform activities in peoples' homes and communities. This report describes a methodology to collect accelerometry data and turn it into clinically-relevant information. First, data are collected by having the participant wear two accelerometers (one on each wrist) for 24 h or longer. The accelerometry data are then downloaded and processed to produce four different variables that describe key aspects of upper limb activity in daily life: hours of use, use ratio, magnitude ratio, and the bilateral magnitude. Density plots can be constructed that visually represent the data from the 24 h wearing period. The variables and their resultant density plots are highly consistent in neurologically-intact, community-dwelling adults. This striking consistency makes them a useful tool for determining if upper limb daily performance is different from normal. This methodology is appropriate for research studies investigating upper limb dysfunction and interventions designed to improve upper limb performance in daily life in people with stroke and other patient populations. Because of its relative simplicity, it may not be long before it is also incorporated in clinical neurorehabilitation practice.

This protocol describes a method to quantify upper limb performance in daily life using wrist-worn accelerometers.

一种使用加速度计量化上肢表现在日常生活的方法

A key reason for referral to rehabilitation services after stroke and other neurological conditions is to improve one's ability to function in daily life. ...

Preclinical Model of Hind Limb Ischemia in Diabetic Rabbits

Peripheral vascular disease is a widespread clinical problem that affects millions of patients worldwide. A major consequence of peripheral vascular disease is the development of ischemia. In severe cases, patients can develop critical limb ischemia in which they experience constant pain and an increased risk of limb amputation. Current therapies for peripheral ischemia include bypass surgery or percutaneous interventions such as angioplasty with stenting or atherectomy to restore blood flow. However, these treatments often fail to the continued progression of vascular disease or restenosis or are contraindicated due to the overall poor health of the patient. A promising potential approach to treat peripheral ischemia involves the induction of therapeutic neovascularization to allow the patient to develop collateral vasculature. This newly formed network alleviates peripheral ischemia by restoring perfusion to the affected area. The most frequently employed preclinical model for peripheral ischemia utilizes the creation of hind limb ischemia in healthy rabbits through femoral artery ligation. In the past, however, there has been a strong disconnect between the success of preclinical studies and the failure of clinical trials regarding treatments for peripheral ischemia. Healthy animals typically have robust vascular regeneration in response to surgically induced ischemia, in contrast to the reduced vascularity and regeneration in patients with chronic peripheral ischemia. Here, we describe an optimized animal model for peripheral ischemia in rabbits that includes hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This model has reduced collateral formation and blood pressure recovery in comparison to a model with a higher cholesterol diet. Thus, the model may provide better correlation with human patients with compromised angiogenesis from the common co-morbidities that accompany peripheral vascular disease.

We describe a surgical procedure used to induce peripheral ischemia in rabbits with hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This surgery acts as a preclinical model for conditions experienced in peripheral artery disease in patients. Angiography is also described as a means to measure the extent of introduced ischemia and recovery of perfusion.

糖尿病家兔欣德肢体缺血的临床前模型

Peripheral vascular disease is a widespread clinical problem that affects millions of patients worldwide. A major consequence of peripheral vascular ...

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for 5%&ndash;10% of all urothelial tumors. Radical nephroureterectomy is the standard treatment procedure. At present, different choices still exist for treating the ureteral end during laparoscopic ureteral bladder sleeve resection. Our center has adopted a new method for treating the ureteral end. This new method can increase the operating space and reduce the difficulty of the surgery compared with current methods.

Here, we present a protocol to increase the surgical field of view and reduce the difficulty of total transperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy surgery by precutting the umbilical ligament before treating the terminal ureter.

上尿道泌尿管在上尿道泌尿管切除术期间的技术改造

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for 5%&ndash;10% of all urothelial tumors. Radical nephroureterectomy is the standard treatment ...

Taking the Next Step: a Neural Coaptation Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplant Model to Maximize Functional Recovery in Rat

Limb transplant in particular and vascularized composite allotransplant (VCA) in general have wide therapeutic promise that have been stymied by current limitations in immunosuppression and functional neuromotor recovery. Many animal models have been developed for studying unique features of VCA, but here we present a robust reproducible model of orthotopic hind limb transplant in rats designed to simultaneously investigate both aspects of current VCA limitation: immunosuppression strategies and functional neuromotor recovery. At the core of the model rests a commitment to meticulous, time-tested microsurgical techniques such as hand sewn vascular anastomoses and hand sewn neural coaptation of the femoral nerve and the sciatic nerve. This approach yields durable limb reconstructions that allow for longer lived animals capable of rehabilitation, resumption of daily activities, and functional testing. With short-term treatment of conventional immunosuppressive agents, allotransplanted animals survived up to 70 days post-transplant, and isotransplanted animals provide long lived controls beyond 200 days post-operatively. Evidence of neurologic functional recovery is present by 30 days post operatively. This model not only provides a useful platform for interrogating immunological questions unique to VCA and nerve regeneration, but also allows for in vivo testing of new therapeutic strategies specifically tailored for VCA.

This protocol presents a robust, reproducible model of vascularized composite allotransplant (VCA) geared toward simultaneous study of immunology and functional recovery. The time invested in meticulous technique in a right mid-thigh hind limb orthotopic transplant with hand sewn vascular anastomoses and neural coaptation yields the ability to study functional recovery.

采取下一步:神经整形正交后肢移植模型，以最大限度地提高大鼠的功能恢复

Limb transplant in particular and vascularized composite allotransplant (VCA) in general have wide therapeutic promise that have been stymied by current ...