<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>培养小鼠脂肪细胞和外植体用于功能和成像研究

<ol>
	<li>Ward, Z. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Projected+U.S.+state-level+prevalence+of+adult+obesity+and+severe+obesity.">Projected U.S. state-level prevalence of adult obesity and severe obesity.</a> N Engl J Med. 381 (25), 2440-2450 (2019).</li><li>Vishvanath, L., Gupta, R. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contribution+of+adipogenesis+to+healthy+adipose+tissue+expansion+in+obesity.">Contribution of adipogenesis to healthy adipose tissue expansion in obesity.</a> J Clin Invest. 129 (10), 4022-4031 (2019).</li><li>Longo, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose+tissue+dysfunction+as+determinant+of+obesity-associated+metabolic+complications.">Adipose tissue dysfunction as determinant of obesity-associated metabolic complications.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 20 (9), 2358 (2019).</li><li>Funcke, J. B., Scherer, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beyond+adiponectin+and+leptin:+Adipose+tissue-derived+mediators+of+inter-organ+communication.">Beyond adiponectin and leptin: Adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication.</a> J Lipid Res. 60 (10), 1648-1684 (2019).</li><li>Johnston, E. K., Abbott, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose+tissue+paracrine-,+autocrine-,+and+matrix-dependent+signaling+during+the+development+and+progression+of+obesity.">Adipose tissue paracrine-, autocrine-, and matrix-dependent signaling during the development and progression of obesity.</a> Cells. 12 (3), 407 (2023).</li><li>Koenen, M., Hill, M. A., Cohen, P., Sowers, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obesity,+adipose+tissue+and+vascular+dysfunction.">Obesity, adipose tissue and vascular dysfunction.</a> Circ Res. 128 (7), 951-968 (2021).</li><li>Liu, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptomic+and+lipidomic+profiling+of+subcutaneous+and+visceral+adipose+tissues+in+15+vertebrates.">Transcriptomic and lipidomic profiling of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues in 15 vertebrates.</a> Sci Data. 10 (1), 453 (2023).</li><li>Wu, Y., Li, X., Li, Q., Cheng, C., Zheng, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose+tissue-to-breast+cancer+crosstalk:+Comprehensive+insights.">Adipose tissue-to-breast cancer crosstalk: Comprehensive insights.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 1877 (5), 188800 (2022).</li><li>Emont, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single-cell+atlas+of+human+and+mouse+white+adipose+tissue.">A single-cell atlas of human and mouse white adipose tissue.</a> Nature. 603 (7903), 926-933 (2022).</li><li>Nahmgoong, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+properties+of+adipose+stem+cell+subpopulations+determine+fat+depot-specific+characteristics.">Distinct properties of adipose stem cell subpopulations determine fat depot-specific characteristics.</a> Cell Metab. 34 (3), 458-472.e6 (2022).</li><li>Hildreth, A. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+sequencing+of+human+white+adipose+tissue+identifies+new+cell+states+in+health+and+obesity.">Single-cell sequencing of human white adipose tissue identifies new cell states in health and obesity.</a> Nat Immunol. 22 (5), 639-653 (2021).</li><li>Maniyadath, B., Zhang, Q., Gupta, R. K., Mandrup, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose+tissue+at+single-cell+resolution.">Adipose tissue at single-cell resolution.</a> Cell Metab. 35 (3), 386-413 (2023).</li><li>Gao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipocytes+promote+breast+tumorigenesis+through+taz-dependent+secretion+of+resistin.">Adipocytes promote breast tumorigenesis through taz-dependent secretion of resistin.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 117 (52), 33295-33304 (2020).</li><li>Cornide-Petronio, M. E., Jimenez-Castro, M. B., Gracia-Sancho, J., Peralta, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+insights+into+the+liver-visceral+adipose+axis+during+hepatic+resection+and+liver+transplantation.">New insights into the liver-visceral adipose axis during hepatic resection and liver transplantation.</a> Cells. 8 (9), 1100 (2019).</li><li>Verma, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein+secreted+by+triple-negative+breast+cancer+promotes+peritumoral+fibrosis.">Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein secreted by triple-negative breast cancer promotes peritumoral fibrosis.</a> Cancer Res Commun. 4 (7), 1655-1666 (2024).</li><li>Min, S. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diverse+repertoire+of+human+adipocyte+subtypes+develops+from+transcriptionally+distinct+mesenchymal+progenitor+cells.">Diverse repertoire of human adipocyte subtypes develops from transcriptionally distinct mesenchymal progenitor cells.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 116 (36), 17970-17979 (2019).</li><li>Harms, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mature+human+white+adipocytes+cultured+under+membranes+maintain+identity,+function,+and+can+transdifferentiate+into+brown-like+adipocytes.">Mature human white adipocytes cultured under membranes maintain identity, function, and can transdifferentiate into brown-like adipocytes.</a> Cell Rep. 27 (1), 213-225.e5 (2019).</li><li>Chaurasiya, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+visceral+adipose+tissue+microvascular+endothelial+cell+isolation+and+establishment+of+co-culture+with+white+adipocytes+to+analyze+cell-cell+communication.">Human visceral adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cell isolation and establishment of co-culture with white adipocytes to analyze cell-cell communication.</a> Exp Cell Res. 433 (2), 113819 (2023).</li><li>Galmozzi, A., Kok, B. P., Saez, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+differentiation+of+primary+white+and+brown+pre-adipocytes+from+newborn+mice.">Isolation and differentiation of primary white and brown pre-adipocytes from newborn mice.</a> J Vis Exp. 167, e62005 (2021).</li><li>Farrar, J. S., Martin, R. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+the+stromal+vascular+fraction+from+adipose+tissue+and+subsequent+differentiation+into+white+or+beige+adipocytes.">Isolation of the stromal vascular fraction from adipose tissue and subsequent differentiation into white or beige adipocytes.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 2455, 103-115 (2022).</li><li>You, X., Gao, J., Yao, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advanced+methods+to+mechanically+isolate+stromal+vascular+fraction:+A+concise+review.">Advanced methods to mechanically isolate stromal vascular fraction: A concise review.</a> Regen Ther. 27, 120-125 (2024).</li><li>Liu, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progenitor+cell+isolation+from+mouse+epididymal+adipose+tissue+and+sequencing+library+construction.">Progenitor cell isolation from mouse epididymal adipose tissue and sequencing library construction.</a> STAR Protoc. 4 (4), 102703 (2023).</li><li>Cho, D. S., Doles, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+adipose+progenitor+cells+from+mouse+epididymal+adipose+tissues.">Preparation of adipose progenitor cells from mouse epididymal adipose tissues.</a> J Vis Exp. 162, e61694 (2020).</li><li>Lauschke, V. M., Hagberg, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Next-generation+human+adipose+tissue+culture+methods.">Next-generation human adipose tissue culture methods.</a> Curr Opin Genet Dev. 80, 102057 (2023).</li><li>Alexandersson, I., Harms, M. J., Boucher, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+culture+of+human+mature+adipocytes+using+membrane+mature+adipocyte+aggregate+cultures+(MAAC).">Isolation and culture of human mature adipocytes using membrane mature adipocyte aggregate cultures (MAAC).</a> J Vis Exp. 156, e60485 (2020).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>100x Poloxamer 188 solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P5556-100mL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL conical</td>
			<td>Cellstar</td>
			<td>188261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>21 G Needle</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 mL Syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309646</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL Conical</td>
			<td>Cellstar</td>
			<td>227261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6.5 mm Transwell with 0.4 &#181;m Pore Polycarbonate Membrane Insert</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3413</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7906-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C1016-500gm</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CellMask Plasma Membrane Stains</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C10045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CL 316243 disodium salt</td>
			<td>Tocris</td>
			<td>1499</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase Powder</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C6885</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11995-040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM no pheonol Red</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>A14430-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase I</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>10104159001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>A56708-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fisherbrand Tissue Path Superfrost Plus Gold Slides</td>
			<td>Fisher scientific</td>
			<td>1518848</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel Loading Pipet Tip</td>
			<td>Fisher scientific</td>
			<td>02-707-181</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlutaMAX Supplement</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol Assay Kit</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>AB133130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hanks&#39; Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14025-092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES Buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>83264-100ml-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heraeus Megafuge 16R Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>75004271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst 33342 Solution</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>62249</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubating Mini Shaker</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>12620-942</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medium 199</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M4530</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope Cover Glasses</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>16004-302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SecureSeal Imaging Spacers</td>
			<td>Grace Biolabs</td>
			<td>654006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Seive (SteeL Fine Mesh Cocktail Strainer)</td>
			<td>OXO</td>
			<td>3112000</td>
			<td>https://www.oxo.com/steel-fine-mesh-cocktail-strainer-660.html</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and culturing of primary murine adipocytes from lean and obese mice

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>从瘦和肥胖小鼠中分离和培养原代小鼠脂肪细胞

从瘦和肥胖小鼠中分离和培养原代小鼠脂肪细胞

Adipose tissue is primarily composed of mature, lipid-laden adipocytes by volume. These postmitotic cells play a critical role in energy storage and ...

isolation-culturing-primary-murine-adipocytes-from-lean-obese

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Isolation and Culturing of Primary Murine Adipocytes from Lean and Obese Mice

551 次观看.  University of Utah School of Medicine. 成熟脂肪细胞的大小和脆弱性限制了可用于其研究和分离的技术和工具。在这里，描述了一种用于分离成熟小鼠脂肪细胞的方案，该方案可以很容易地适应不同的脂肪库和小鼠饮食。

视频: 从瘦和肥胖小鼠中分离和培养原代小鼠脂肪细胞

Isolation and Culture of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells from Neonatal Mice

Endothelial cells provide a useful research model in many areas of vascular biology. Since its first isolation 1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have shown to be convenient, easy to obtain and culture, and thus are the most widely studied endothelial cells. However, for research focused on processes like angiogenesis, permeability or many others, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) are a much more physiologically relevant model to study 2. Furthermore, ECs isolated from knockout mice provide a useful tool for analysis of protein function ex vivo. Several approaches to isolate and culture microvascular ECs of different origin have been reported to date 3-7, but consistent isolation and culture of pure ECs is still a major technical problem in many laboratories. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol on a reliable and relatively simple method of isolating and culturing mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs). In this approach, lung tissue obtained from 6- to 8-day old pups is first cut into pieces, digested with collagenase/dispase (C/D) solution and dispersed mechanically into single-cell suspension. MLECS are purified from cell suspension using positive selection with anti-PECAM-1 antibody conjugated to Dynabeads using a Magnetic Particle Concentrator (MPC). Such purified cells are cultured on gelatin-coated tissue culture (TC) dishes until they become confluent. At that point, cells are further purified using Dynabeads coupled to anti-ICAM-2 antibody. MLECs obtained with this protocol exhibit a cobblestone phenotype, as visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy, and their endothelial phenotype has been confirmed using FACS analysis with anti-VE-cadherin 8 and anti-VEGFR2 9 antibodies and immunofluorescent staining of VE-cadherin. In our hands, this two-step isolation procedure consistently and reliably yields a pure population of MLECs, which can be further cultured. This method will enable researchers to take advantage of the growing number of knockout and transgenic mice to directly correlate in vivo studies with results of in vitro experiments performed on isolated MLECs and thus help to reveal molecular mechanisms of vascular phenotypes observed in vivo.

Here, we describe a protocol for isolation and culture of murine pulmonary endothelial cells. This method comprises mechanic and enzymatic lung tissue dissociation as well as a 2-step purification process using anti-PECAM-1 and anti-ICAM-2 antibodies conjugated to magnetic beads, which produces a pure endothelial cell population of mostly microvascular origin.

从新生小鼠的肺血管内皮细胞的分离和培养

Endothelial cells provide a useful research model in many areas of vascular biology. Since its first isolation 1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells ...

科研

生物学

Isolation of Immune Cells from Primary Tumors

Tumors create a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment (tumor microenvironment, TME) whereby leukocytes are recruited into the tumor by various chemokines and growth factors 1,2. However, once in the TME, these cells lose the ability to promote anti-tumor immunity and begin to support tumor growth and down-regulate anti-tumor immune responses 3-4. Studies on tumor-associated leukocytes have mainly focused on cells isolated from tumor-draining lymph nodes or spleen due to the inherent difficulties in obtaining sufficient cell numbers and purity from the primary tumor. While identifying the mechanisms of cell activation and trafficking through the lymphatic system of tumor bearing mice is important and may give insight to the kinetics of immune responses to cancer, in our experience, many leukocytes, including dendritic cells (DCs), in tumor-draining lymph nodes have a different phenotype than those that infiltrate tumors 5,6 . Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that adoptively-transferred T cells isolated from the tumor-draining lymph nodes are not tolerized and are capable of responding to secondary stimulation in vitro unlike T cells isolated from the TME, which are tolerized and incapable of proliferation or cytokine production 7,8. Interestingly, we have shown that changing the tumor microenvironment, such as providing CD4+ T helper cells via adoptive transfer, promotes CD8+ T cells to maintain pro-inflammatory effector functions 5. The results from each of the previously mentioned studies demonstrate the importance of measuring cellular responses from TME-infiltrating immune cells as opposed to cells that remain in the periphery. To study the function of immune cells which infiltrate tumors using the Miltenyi Biotech isolation system9, we have modified and optimized this antibody-based isolation procedure to obtain highly enriched populations of antigen presenting cells and tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The protocol includes a detailed dissection of murine prostate tissue from a spontaneous prostate tumor model (TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate -TRAMP) 10 and a subcutaneous melanoma (B16) tumor model followed by subsequent purification of various leukocyte populations.

In this report, we describe a protocol for isolating highly purified populations of leukocytes that infiltrate tumors. This protocol is adapted from the Miltenyi Biotech protocol to enhance yield and purity for isolating cells from complex tumor tissue.

从原发肿瘤的免疫细胞的分离

Tumors create a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment (tumor microenvironment, TME) whereby leukocytes are recruited into the tumor by various ...

Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue

The myofibroblast is a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining considerable attention for its critical role in many GI functions. While several myofibroblast cell lines are commercially available to study these cells in vitro, research results from a cell line exposed to experimental cell culture conditions have inherent limitations due to the overly reductionist nature of the work. Use of primary myofibroblasts offers a great advantage in terms of confirming experimental findings identified in a cell line. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from an animal model allows for the study of myofibroblasts under conditions that more closely mimic the disease state being studied. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from human colon tissue provides arguably the most relevant experimental data, since the cells come directly from patients with the underlying disease. We describe a well-established technique that can be utilized to isolate primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue. These isolated cells have been characterized to be alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin-positive, and desmin-negative, consistent with subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts. Primary myofibroblast cells can be grown in cell culture and used for experimental purposes over a limited number of passages.

The myofibroblast is an influential stromal cell of the gastrointestinal tract that regulates important physiologic processes in both normal and disease states. We describe a technique that allows for the isolation of primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue, which can be utilized for in vitro experimentation.

从小鼠和人类结肠组织初级肌成纤维细胞的分离

The myofibroblast is  a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining  considerable attention for its critical role in many GI ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin defense by forming an intact skin barrier against environmental insults, such as UVB irradiation or pathogens, and also by initiating an inflammatory response upon those insults. Here we describe methods to isolate KCs from neonatal mouse skin and from adult mouse tail skin. We also describe culturing conditions using defined growth supplements (dGS) in comparison to chelexed fetal bovine serum (cFBS). Functionally, we show that both neonatal and adult KCs are highly responsive to high calcium-induced terminal differentiation, tight junction formation and stratification. Additionally, cultured adult KCs are susceptible to UVB-triggered cell death and can release large amounts of TNF upon UVB irradiation. Together, the methods described here will be useful to researchers for the setup of in vitro models to study epidermal biology in the neonatal mouse and/or the adult mouse.

Epidermal keratinocytes form a functional skin barrier and are positioned at the front line of host defense against external environmental insults. Here we describe methods for isolation and primary culture of epidermal keratinocytes from neonatal and adult mouse skin, and induction of terminal differentiation and UVB-triggered inflammatory response from keratinocytes.

来自新生儿和成年鼠皮肤的原代小鼠角化细胞的分离和培养

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin ...

Isolation of Myoepithelial Cells from Adult Murine Lacrimal and Submandibular Glands

The lacrimal gland (LG) is an exocrine tubuloacinar gland that secretes an aqueous layer of tear film. The LG epithelial tree is comprised of acinar, ductal epithelial, and myoepithelial cells (MECs). MECs express alpha smooth muscle actin (&#945;SMA) and have a contractile function. They are found in multiple glandular organs and are of ectodermal origin. In addition, the LG contains SMA+ vascular smooth muscle cells of endodermal origin called pericytes: contractile cells that envelop the surface of vascular tubes. A new protocol allows us to isolate both MECs and pericytes from adult murine LGs and submandibular glands (SMGs). The protocol is based on the genetic labeling of MECs and pericytes using the SMACreErt2/+:Rosa26-TdTomatofl/fl mouse strain, followed by preparation of the LG single-cell suspension for fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The protocol allows for the separation of these two cell populations of different origins based on the expression of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) by MECs, whereas pericytes do not express EpCAM. Isolated cells could be used for cell cultivation or gene expression analysis.

The lacrimal gland (LG) has two cell types expressing &#945;-smooth muscle actin (&#945;SMA): myoepithelial cells (MECs) and pericytes. MECs are of ectodermal origin, found in many glandular tissues, while pericytes are vascular smooth muscle cells of endodermal origin. This protocol isolates MECs and pericytes from murine LGs.

成年小鼠泪液和下颌腺肌上皮细胞的分离

The lacrimal gland (LG) is an exocrine tubuloacinar gland that secretes an aqueous layer of tear film. The LG epithelial tree is comprised of acinar, ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Aortic Endothelial Cells from Miniature Pigs

Xenotransplantation is a promising way to resolve the shortage of human organs for patients with end-stage organ failure, and the pig is considered as a suitable organ source. Immune rejection and coagulation are two major hurdles for the success of xenotransplantation. Vascular endothelial cell (EC) injury and dysfunction are important for the development of the inflammation and coagulation responses in xenotransplantation. Thus, isolation of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs) is necessary for investigating the immune rejection and coagulation responses. Here, we have developed a simple enzymatic approach for the isolation, characterization, and expansion of highly purified pAECs from miniature pigs. First, the miniature pig was anaesthetized with ketamine, and a length of aorta was excised. Second, the endothelial surface of aorta was exposed to 0.005% collagenase IV digestive solution for 15 min. Third, the endothelial surface of the aorta was scraped in only one direction with a cell scraper (&#60;10 times), and was not compressed during the process of scraping. Finally, the isolated pAECs of Day 3, and after passage 1 and passage 2, were identified by flow cytometry with an anti-CD31 antibody. The percentages of CD31-positive cells were 97.4% &#177; 1.2%, 94.4% &#177; 1.1%, and 92.4% &#177; 1.7% (mean &#177; SD), respectively. The concentration of Collagenase IV, the digestive time, the direction, and frequency and intensity of scraping are critical for decreasing fibroblast contamination and obtaining high-purity and a large number of ECs. In conclusion, our enzymatic method is a highly-effctive method for isolating ECs from the miniature pig aorta, and the cells can be expanded in vitro to investigate the immune and coagulation responses in xenotransplantation.

An effective enzymatic method for isolation of primary porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs) from miniature pigs is described. The isolated primary pAECs can be used to investigate the immune and coagulation response in xenotransplantation.

微型猪原主主动脉内皮细胞的隔离与培养

Xenotransplantation is a promising way to resolve the shortage of human organs for patients with end-stage organ failure, and the pig is considered as a ...

Isolation and Culture of Human Mature Adipocytes Using Membrane Mature Adipocyte Aggregate Cultures (MAAC)

White adipose tissue (WAT) dysregulation plays a central role in development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). To develop new treatments for T2D, more physiologically relevant in vitro adipocyte models are required. This study describes a new technique to isolate and culture mature human adipocytes. This method is entitled MAAC (membrane mature adipocyte aggregate culture), and compared to other adipocyte in vitro models, MAAC possesses an adipogenic gene signature that is the closest to freshly isolated mature adipocytes. Using MAAC, adipocytes can be cultured from lean and obese patients, different adipose depots, co-cultured with different cell types, and importantly, can be kept in culture for 2 weeks. Functional experiments can also be performed on MAAC including glucose uptake, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. Moreover, MAAC responds robustly to diverse pharmacological agonism and can be used to study adipocyte phenotypic changes, including the transdifferentiation of white adipocytes into brown-like fat cells.

Isolation and Culture of Human Mature Adipocytes Using Membrane Mature Adipocyte Aggregate Cultures MAAC

Membrane mature adipocyte aggregate culture (MAAC) is a new method to culture mature human adipocytes. Here we detail how to isolate adipocytes from human adipose and how to set up MAAC.

利用膜成熟腺细胞聚合培养（MAAC）的人类成熟腺细胞的分离与培养

White adipose tissue (WAT) dysregulation plays a central role in development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). To develop new treatments ...

Isolation of High Quality Murine Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and L-Type Calcium Current

Mouse models play a crucial role in arrhythmia research and allow studying key mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis including altered ion channel function and calcium handling. For this purpose, atrial or ventricular cardiomyocytes of high quality are necessary to perform patch-clamp measurements or to explore calcium handling abnormalities. However, the limited yield of high-quality cardiomyocytes obtained by current isolation protocols does not allow both measurements in the same mouse. This article describes a method to isolate high-quality murine atrial and ventricular myocytes via retrograde enzyme-based Langendorff perfusion, for subsequent simultaneous measurements of calcium transients and L-type calcium current from one animal. Mouse hearts are obtained, and the aorta is rapidly cannulated to remove blood. Hearts are then initially perfused with a calcium-free solution (37 &#176;C) to dissociate the tissue at the level of intercalated discs and afterwards with an enzyme solution containing little calcium to disrupt extracellular matrix (37 &#176;C). The digested heart is subsequently dissected into atria and ventricles. Tissue samples are chopped into small pieces and dissolved by carefully pipetting up and down. The enzymatic digestion is stopped, and cells are stepwise reintroduced to physiologic calcium concentrations. After loading with a fluorescent Ca2+-indicator, isolated cardiomyocytes are prepared for simultaneous measurement of calcium currents and transients. Additionally, isolation pitfalls are discussed and patch-clamp protocols and representative traces of L-type calcium currents with simultaneous calcium transient measurements in atrial and ventricular murine myocytes isolated as described above are provided.

Isolation of High Quality Murine Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and L-Type Calcium Current

Mouse models allow studying key mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis. For this purpose, high quality cardiomyocytes are necessary to perform patch-clamp measurements. Here, a method to isolate murine atrial and ventricular myocytes via retrograde enzyme-based Langendorff perfusion, which allows simultaneous measurements of calcium-transients and L-type calcium current, is described.

分离高质量鼠心房和心室肌细胞，同时测量 Ca2+ 瞬变和 L 型钙电流

Mouse models play a crucial role in arrhythmia research and allow studying key mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis including altered ion channel function and ...

Isolation and Differentiation of Primary White and Brown Preadipocytes from Newborn Mice

The understanding of the mechanisms underlying adipocyte differentiation and function has greatly benefited from the use of immortalized white preadipocyte cell lines. These cultured cell lines, however, have limitations. They do not fully capture the diverse functional spectrum of the heterogenous adipocyte populations that are now known to exist within white adipose depots. To provide a more physiologically relevant model to study the complexity of white adipose tissue, a protocol has been developed and optimized to enable simultaneous isolation of primary white and brown adipocyte progenitors from newborn mice, their rapid expansion in culture, and their differentiation in vitro into mature, fully functional adipocytes. The primary advantage of isolating primary cells from newborn, rather than adult mice, is that the adipose depots are actively developing and are, therefore, a rich source of proliferating preadipocytes. Primary preadipocytes isolated using this protocol differentiate rapidly upon reaching confluence and become fully mature in 4-5 days, a temporal window that accurately reflects the appearance of developed fat pads in newborn mice. Primary cultures prepared using this strategy can be expanded and studied with high reproducibility, making them suitable for genetic and phenotypic screens and enabling the study of the cell-autonomous adipocyte phenotypes of genetic mouse models. This protocol offers a simple, rapid, and inexpensive approach to study the complexity of adipose tissue in vitro.

This report describes a protocol for the simultaneous isolation of primary brown and white preadipocytes from newborn mice. Isolated cells can be grown in culture and induced to differentiate into fully mature white and brown adipocytes. The method enables genetic, molecular, and functional characterization of primary fat cells in culture.

初白和棕色预生细胞与新生小鼠的隔离和分化

The understanding of the mechanisms underlying adipocyte differentiation and function has greatly benefited from the use of immortalized white ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Oral Keratinocytes from the Adult Mouse Palate

For years, most studies involving keratinocytes have been conducted using human and mouse skin epidermal keratinocytes. Recently, oral keratinocytes have attracted attention because of their unique function and characteristics. They maintain the homeostasis of the oral epithelium and serve as resources for applications in regenerative therapies. However, in vitro studies that use oral primary keratinocytes from adult mice have been limited due to the lack of an efficient and well-established culture protocol. Here, oral primary keratinocytes were isolated from the palate tissues of adult mice and cultured in a commercial low-calcium medium supplemented with a chelexed-serum. Under these conditions, keratinocytes were maintained in a proliferative or stem cell-like state, and their differentiation was inhibited even after increased passages. Marker expression analysis showed that the cultured oral keratinocytes expressed the basal cell markers p63, K14, and &#945;6-integrin and were negative for the differentiation marker K13 and the fibroblast marker PDGFR&#945;. This method produced viable and culturable cells suitable for downstream applications in the study of oral epithelial stem cell functions in vitro.

The present protocol describes the isolation and culture of oral keratinocytes derived from the adult mouse palate. An evaluation method using immunostaining is also reported.

从成人小鼠腭中分离和培养原代口腔角质形成细胞

For years, most studies involving keratinocytes have been conducted using human and mouse skin epidermal keratinocytes. Recently, oral keratinocytes have ...