支持我们的工作是由美国国立卫生研究院拨款NS048447和AG017216to科威特第纳尔。刘丽想感谢他的监督和支持，在原有协议的发展科瓦莱宁Tanila（博士，芬兰的库奥皮奥，库奥皮奥大学）。

拉玻璃毛细管 <ol><li>从萨特仪器公司（硼硅玻璃，B100 - 75 - 10）的玻璃毛细管购买。 </li><li>拉毛细管，在萨特的P - 87火焰山微量拉拔器，设置热指数在300和330压力指数。 </li><li>用剪刀修剪的玻璃毛细管中的一角，使锥尖有一个约0.5毫米的内径。 </li></ol> 枕大池脑脊液穿刺技术 脑脊液标本均取自枕大池使用，此前公布的1的方法（图1） 。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/960_2008_10_13_2/960_Figure-01.png" alt="图1" width="432" height="184" /> 图1 1。 anesthesized氯胺酮（100mg/kg）和甲苯噻嗪（10mg/kg的），腹腔注射的老鼠。在麻醉诱导时，老鼠都保持在37℃培养箱。 2。颈部的皮肤被剃光，鼠标，然后放置俯卧于脑立体定位仪与直接接触加热垫。直肠温度探头插入直肠，使产生的热量加热垫在体温的变化进行调整。头是头适配器担保。手术部位是用10％ 碘伏擦洗，其次是 7 0％乙醇（重复3次），矢状切口的皮肤是劣质枕部。 3。解剖显微镜下，皮下组织和肌肉（M. biventer cervicis和M.直肌头癣实蝇主要 ）是分开的钝性分离钳。一个对microretractors除了用来存放肌肉。 4。放下鼠标，使头部形成一个近135 o与身体的角度。 5。解剖显微镜下，枕大池硬脑膜出现延髓和主要血管（动脉实蝇spinalis），脑脊液空间是可见的（图2）作为一个闪闪发光的和明确的反向三角形。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/960_2008_10_13_3/960_Figure-02.png" alt="图2" width="304" height="307" /> 图2 6。硬脑膜抹杀用无菌棉签擦干。毛细管渗透到citerna麦格纳通过硬脑膜，外侧足背动脉spinalis（图2）。电阻插入毛细管的一个显着的变化，脑脊液流入毛细管。 7。小心取出毛细管，并通过内部直径1毫米的聚乙烯管材连接3毫升注射器。脑脊液注入到一个预先标记的0.5 mL Eppendorf管，并立即冻结管干冰，然后转移到一个-80 ° C冰箱。 8。脑脊液取样后，肌肉重新对齐，和皮肤缝合（4-0，爱惜康，强生公司）。约1毫升0.9％氯化钠溶液皮下注射，防止脱水。鼠标是保存在孵化器，以保持体温，直到它恢复，监视鼠标的重量是1天，并在手术后1周。 结果与讨论 我们描述了一个高度可靠的协议，从小鼠脑脊液串行采样，没有检测到的血浆污染。 1。整个过程通常需要10分钟（包括麻醉）每鼠。获得脑脊液量是依赖于小鼠品系。的PS / APP双，我们用了2 Tg的小鼠，平均体积约5μL（3至7μL），而P301L（JNPL3）小鼠3产量约10μL，15μL。串行采样，最多7-8μL，可以安全地在每次间隔2-3个月。 2。在手术过程中，它的重要位置上的立体框架鼠标的头部和身体正常，可以充分暴露硬脑膜，使枕大池。小心避免血管穿透硬脑膜毛细管血浆蛋白，可在脑脊液样本中载脂蛋白B（ApoB）4免疫监测，以防止污染。 3。最大限度地减少组织损伤手术在每个重要的是，组织粘连，可以增加诱发出血以下取样的难度。 4。需要手术过程中保持体温，因为麻醉造成的低温可显着地影响大脑中的磷酸化tau水平非常迅速5。 5。抗体酶联免疫吸附协议和抗体，我们用中详细介绍了Refolo等。6。脑脊液μL的PS / APP小鼠会产生令人满意的结果，在稀释1:50-1:60。对于头ELISA法，4-5微升脑脊液P301L（JNPL3）小鼠，将足以为检测总头或头 荧光粉在苏氨酸ylated 231（包从生物源购买）。 6。这种技术可以应用到其他神经系统疾病，脑脊液体积小，其中一个是所需检测的满意的小鼠模型。

<ol><li>Liu, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Longitudinal+observation+on+CSF+Abeta42+levels+in+young+to+middle-aged+amyloid+precursor+protein%2Fpresenilin-1+doubly+transgenic+mice%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurobiol+Dis%22%5BJournal%5D)">Longitudinal observation on CSF Abeta42 levels in young to middle-aged amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 doubly transgenic mice.</a> Neurobiol Dis. 17, 516- (2004).</li>
<li>Holcomb, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Accelerated+Alzheimer-type+phenotype+in+transgenic+mice+carrying+both+mutant+amyloid+precursor+protein+and+presenilin+1+transgenes%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Accelerated Alzheimer-type phenotype in transgenic mice carrying both mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 transgenes.</a> Nat Med. 4, 97(1998).</li>
<li>Lewis, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Neurofibrillary+tangles%2C+amyotrophy+and+progressive+motor+disturbance+in+mice+expressing+mutant+%28P301L%29+tau+protein%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat+Genet%22%5BJournal%5D)">Neurofibrillary tangles, amyotrophy and progressive motor disturbance in mice expressing mutant (P301L) tau protein.</a> Nat Genet. 25, 402- (2000).</li>
<li>DeMattos, R. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Plaque-associated+disruption+of+CSF+and+plasma+amyloid-beta+%28Abeta%29+equilibrium+in+a+mouse+model+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Neurochem%22%5BJournal%5D)">Plaque-associated disruption of CSF and plasma amyloid-beta (Abeta) equilibrium in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.</a> J Neurochem. 81, 229(2002).</li>
<li>Planel, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Anesthesia+leads+to+tau+hyperphosphorylation+through+inhibition+of+phosphatase+activity+by+hypothermia%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Anesthesia leads to tau hyperphosphorylation through inhibition of phosphatase activity by hypothermia.</a> J Neurosci. 27, 3090(2007).</li>
<li>Refolo, L. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+cholesterol-lowering+drug+reduces+beta-amyloid+pathology+in+a+transgenic+mouse+model+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurobiol+Dis%22%5BJournal%5D)">A cholesterol-lowering drug reduces beta-amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Neurobiol Dis. 8, 890(2001).</li>
</ol>

我们描述了一个高度可靠的协议，从小鼠脑脊液串行采样，没有检测到的血浆污染。 1。整个过程通常需要10分钟（包括麻醉）每鼠。获得脑脊液量是依赖于小鼠品系。的PS / APP双我们used2的Tg小鼠，平均体积约5μL（3至7μL），而P301L（JNPL3）小鼠3产量约10μL，15μL。串行采样，最多7-8μL，可以安全地在每次间隔2-3个月。 2。在手术过程中，它是很重要的位置上的立体框架鼠标的头部和身体正常，可以充分...

a technique for serial collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the cisterna magna in mouse 

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）是一种渐进性神经退行性疾病，是由β-淀粉样肽（Aβ）和磷酸化tau蛋白的intraneuronal积累外沉积病理特征。由于脑脊液（CSF）是在与外脑的空间直接接触，它提供了一种在大脑中的反应病理过程中的生化变化的反映。 AD患者脑脊液减少Aβ（Aβ42）的42个氨基酸的形式，并在总tau蛋白和磷酸化tau蛋白的增加，但负责这些变化的机制还没有完全理解。转基因（TG）AD小鼠模型提供了一个极好的机会，探讨如何以及为什么脑脊液中的Aβ或tau蛋白水平变化，随着病情的发展。在这里，我们展示了一个精致脑脊液从鼠标的采样枕大池穿刺技术。这种极其温柔的采样技术可在2-3个月的时间间隔相同的鼠标，从而大大降低鼠之间的Aβ或tau蛋白水平的变化混杂的效果，使得它可以检测到细微的改变，随着时间的推移得到串行脑脊液标本。在与Aβ和tau蛋白的ELISA法的结合，这种技术将被用于旨在探讨在AD小鼠模型中的大脑的脑脊液Aβ42和tau蛋白的水平之间的关系，和他们的新陈代谢的研究。脑脊液的Aβ或头水平的潜力可作为监测疾病的进展生物标志物的Tg小鼠的研究可以提供重要的验证，并监测治疗干预的效果。作为可以牺牲的老鼠的大脑可用于生化或组织学变化研究，脑脊液变化的内在机制，可以更好地进行评估。这些数据可能被解释为人类AD脑脊液变化信息。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Technique for Serial Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from the Cisterna Magna in Mouse at JoVE.com

A Technique for Serial Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from the Cisterna Magna in Mouse

转基因（TG）AD小鼠模型提供了一个极好的机会，探讨如何以及为什么脑脊液中的Aβ或tau蛋白水平变化的疾病在人类患者进展。在这里，我们展示了一个串行鼠标脑脊液采样精枕大池穿刺技术。

一个串行收集脑脊液从池鼠标麦格纳技术

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is pathologically characterized by extracellular deposition of &#946;-amyloid ...

a-technique-for-serial-collection-cerebrospinal-fluid-from-cisterna

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

A Technique for Serial Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from the Cisterna Magna in Mouse 

101.5K 次观看.  Columbia University. 转基因（TG）AD小鼠模型提供了一个极好的机会，探讨如何以及为什么脑脊液中的Aβ或tau蛋白水平变化的疾病在人类患者进展。在这里，我们展示了一个串行鼠标脑脊液采样精枕大池穿刺技术。 

视频: A Technique for Serial Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from the Cisterna Magna in Mouse

Isolation of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rodent Embryos for use with Dissected Cerebral Cortical Explants

The CSF is a complex fluid with a dynamically varying proteome throughout development and in adulthood. During embryonic development, the nascent CSF differentiates from the amniotic fluid upon closure of the anterior neural tube. CSF volume then increases over subsequent days as the neuroepithelial progenitor cells lining the ventricles and the choroid plexus generate CSF. The embryonic CSF contacts the apical, ventricular surface of the neural stem cells of the developing brain and spinal cord. CSF provides crucial fluid pressure for the expansion of the developing brain and distributes important growth promoting factors to neural progenitor cells in a temporally-specific manner. To investigate the function of the CSF, it is important to isolate pure samples of embryonic CSF without contamination from blood or the developing telencephalic tissue. Here, we describe a technique to isolate relatively pure samples of ventricular embryonic CSF that can be used for a wide range of experimental assays including mass spectrometry, protein electrophoresis, and cell and primary explant culture. We demonstrate how to dissect and culture cortical explants on porous polycarbonate membranes in order to grow developing cortical tissue with reduced volumes of media or CSF. With this method, experiments can be performed using CSF from varying ages or conditions to investigate the biological activity of the CSF proteome on target cells.

The ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bathes the neuroepithelial and cerebral cortical progenitor cells during early brain development in the embryo. Here we describe the method developed to isolate ventricular CSF from rodent embryos of different ages in order to investigate its biological function. In addition, we demonstrate our cerebral cortical explant dissection and culture technique that allows for explant growth with minimal volumes of culture medium or CSF.

脑脊液分离解剖大脑皮质外植体使用的啮齿动物胚胎

The CSF is a complex fluid with a dynamically varying proteome throughout development and in adulthood. During embryonic development, the nascent CSF ...

科研

神经科学

An Improved Method for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Anesthetized Mice

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a valuable body fluid for analysis in neuroscience research. It is one of the fluids in closest contact with the central nervous system and thus, can be used to analyze the diseased state of the brain or spinal cord without directly accessing these tissues. However, in mice it is difficult to obtain from the cisterna magna due to its closeness to blood vessels, which often contaminate samples. The area for CSF collection in mice is also difficult to dissect to and often only small samples are obtained (maximum of 5-7 &#181;L or less). This protocol describes in detail a technique that improves on current methods of collection to minimize contamination from blood and allow for the abundant collection of CSF (on average 10-15 &#181;L can be collected). This technique can be used with other dissection methods for tissue collection from mice, as it does not impact any tissues during CSF extraction. Thus, the brain and spinal cord are not affected with this technique and remain intact. With greater CSF sample collection and purity, more analyses can be used with this fluid to further aid neuroscience research and better understand diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord.

This protocol describes an improved technique for the abundant collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with no contamination from blood. With greater sample collection and purity, more analyses can be performed using CSF to further our understanding of diseases that affect the brain and spinal cord.

一种改进的麻醉小鼠脑脊液采集方法

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a valuable body fluid for analysis in neuroscience research. It is one of the fluids in closest contact with the central ...

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents

Cisterna magna cannulation (CMc) is a straightforward procedure that enables direct access to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without operative damage to the skull or the brain parenchyma. In anesthetized rodents, the exposure of the dura mater by blunt dissection of the neck muscles allows the insertion of a cannula into the cisterna magna (CM). The cannula, composed either by a fine beveled needle or borosilicate capillary, is attached via a polyethylene (PE) tube to a syringe. Using a syringe pump, molecules can then be injected at controlled rates directly into the CM, which is continuous with the subarachnoid space. From the subarachnoid space, we can trace CSF fluxes by convective flow into the perivascular space around penetrating arterioles, where solute exchange with the interstitial fluid (ISF) occurs. CMc can be performed for acute injections immediately following the surgery, or for chronic implantation, with later injection in anesthetized or awake, freely moving rodents. Quantitation of tracer distribution in the brain parenchyma can be performed by epifluorescence, 2-photon microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), depending on the physico-chemical properties of the injected molecules. Thus, CMc in conjunction with various imaging techniques offers a powerful tool for assessment of the glymphatic system and CSF dynamics and function. Furthermore, CMc can be utilized as a conduit for fast, brain-wide delivery of signaling molecules and metabolic substrates that could not otherwise cross the blood brain barrier (BBB).

Here we describe a protocol to perform cisterna magna cannulation (CMc), a minimally invasive way to deliver tracers, substrates and signaling molecules into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Combined with different imaging modalities, CMc enables glymphatic system and CSF dynamics assessment, as well as brain-wide delivery of various compounds.

将套管植入啮齿动物的麦格纳池中

Cisterna magna cannulation (CMc) is a straightforward procedure that enables direct access to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without operative damage to ...

In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in rodents has largely been studied using ex vivo quantification of tracers. Techniques such as two-photon microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enabled in vivo quantification of CSF flow but they are limited by reduced imaging volumes and low spatial resolution, respectively. Recent work has found that CSF enters the brain parenchyma through a network of perivascular spaces surrounding the pial and penetrating arteries of the rodent cortex. This perivascular entry of CSF is a primary driver of the glymphatic system, a pathway implicated in the clearance of toxic metabolic solutes (e.g., amyloid-&#946;). Here, we illustrate a new macroscopic imaging technique that allows real-time, mesoscopic imaging of fluorescent CSF tracers through the intact skull of live mice. This minimally-invasive method facilitates a multitude of experimental designs and enables single or repeated testing of CSF dynamics. Macroscopes have high spatial and temporal resolution and their large gantry and working distance allow for imaging while performing tasks on behavioral devices. This imaging approach has been validated using two-photon imaging and fluorescence measurements obtained from this technique strongly correlate with ex vivo fluorescence and quantification of radio-labeled tracers. In this protocol, we describe how transcranial macroscopic imaging can be used to evaluate glymphatic transport in live mice, offering an accessible alternative to more costly imaging modalities.

Transcranial optical imaging allows wide-field imaging of cerebrospinal fluid transport in the cortex of live mice through an intact skull.

使用荧光宏镜检查,通过"完整小鼠头骨"进行脑脊液传输的 Vivo 成像

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in rodents has largely been studied using ex vivo quantification of tracers. Techniques such as two-photon microscopy and ...

Quantitative Measurement of Intrathecally Synthesized Proteins in Mice

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a fluid found in the brain and the spinal cord, is of great importance to both basic and clinical science. The analysis of the CSF protein composition delivers crucial information in basic neuroscience research as well as neurological diseases. One caveat is that proteins measured in CSF may derive from both intrathecal synthesis and transudation from serum, and protein analysis of CSF can only determine the sum of these two components. To discriminate between protein transudation from the blood and intrathecally produced proteins in animal models as well as in humans, CSF protein profiling measurements using conventional protein analysis tools must include the calculation of the albumin CSF/serum quotient (Qalbumin), a marker of the integrity of the blood-brain interface (BBI), and the protein index (Qprotein/Qalbumin), an estimate of intrathecal protein synthesis. This protocol illustrates the entire procedure, from CSF and blood collection to quotients and indices calculations, for the quantitative measurement of intrathecal protein synthesis and BBI impairment in mouse models of neurological disorders.

Elevated spinal fluid protein levels can either be the result of diffusion of plasma protein across an altered blood-brain barrier or intrathecal synthesis. An optimized testing protocol is presented in this article that helps to discriminate both cases and provides quantitative measurements of intrathecally synthesized proteins.

小鼠体内合成蛋白的定量测量

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a fluid found in the brain and the spinal cord, is of great importance to both basic and clinical science. The analysis of the ...

Direct Cannula Implantation in the Cisterna Magna of Pigs

The glymphatic system is a waste clearance system in the brain that relies on the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in astrocyte-bound perivascular spaces and has been implicated in the clearance of neurotoxic peptides such as amyloid-beta. Impaired glymphatic function exacerbates disease pathology in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, which highlights the importance of understanding this clearance system. The glymphatic system is often studied by cisterna magna cannulations (CMc), where tracers are delivered directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Most studies, however, have been carried out in rodents. Here, we demonstrate an adaptation of the CMc technique in pigs. Using CMc in pigs, the glymphatic system can be studied at a high optical resolution in gyrencephalic brains and in doing so bridges the knowledge gap between rodent and human glymphatics.

This article presents a step-by-step protocol for the direct cannula implantation in the cisterna magna of pigs.

直接插管植入猪的蓄水池

The glymphatic system is a waste clearance system in the brain that relies on the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in astrocyte-bound perivascular spaces ...

Stereotaxic Surgical Approach to Microinject the Caudal Brainstem and Upper Cervical Spinal Cord via the Cisterna Magna in Mice

Stereotaxic surgery to target brain sites in mice is commonly guided by skull landmarks. Access is then obtained via burr holes drilled through the skull. This standard approach can be challenging for targets in the caudal brainstem and upper cervical cord due to specific anatomical challenges as these sites are remote from skull landmarks, leading to imprecision. Here we outline an alternative stereotaxic approach via the cisterna magna that has been used to target discrete regions of interest in the caudal brainstem and upper cervical cord. The cisterna magna extends from the occipital bone to the atlas (i.e., the second vertebral bone), is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, and is covered by dura mater. This approach provides a reproducible route of access to select central nervous system (CNS) structures that are otherwise hard to reach due to anatomical barriers. Furthermore, it allows for direct visualization of brainstem landmarks in close proximity to the target sites, increasing accuracy when delivering small injection volumes to restricted regions of interest in the caudal brainstem and upper cervical cord. Finally, this approach provides an opportunity to avoid the cerebellum, which can be important for motor and sensorimotor studies.

Stereotaxic Surgical Approach to Microinject the Caudal Brainstem and Upper Cervical Spinal Cord via the Cisterna Magna in Mice

Stereotaxic surgery to target brain sites in mice commonly involves access through the skull bones and is guided by skull landmarks. Here we outline an alternative stereotaxic approach to target the caudal brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord via the cisterna magna that relies on direct visualization of brainstem landmarks.

立体定位手术方法 ，通过 大水池在小鼠中显微注射尾部脑干和上颈椎脊髓

Stereotaxic surgery to target brain sites in mice is commonly guided by skull landmarks. Access is then obtained via burr holes drilled through the skull. ...

Intraventricular Drug Delivery and Sampling for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study

Although the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from foreign entities, it also prevents some therapeutics from crossing into the central nervous system (CNS) to ameliorate diseases or infections. Drugs are administered directly into the CNS in animals and humans to circumvent the BBB. The present protocol describes a unique way of treating brain infections through intraventricular delivery of antibiotics, i.e., polymyxins, the last-line antibiotics to treat multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. A straightforward stereotaxic surgery protocol was developed to implant a guide cannula reaching into the lateral ventricle in rats. After a recovery period of 24 h, rats can be injected consciously and repeatedly through a cannula that is fitted to the guide. Injections can be delivered manually as a bolus or infusion using a microinjection pump to obtain a slow and controlled flow rate. The intraventricular injection was successfully confirmed with Evans Blue dye. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be drained, and the brain and other organs can be collected. This approach is highly amenable for studies involving drug delivery to the CNS and subsequent assessment of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>用于药代动力学和药效学研究的脑室内药物输送和取样

Delivery of therapeutics directly into the central nervous system is one way of circumventing the blood-brain barrier. The present protocol demonstrates intracerebroventricular injection for subsequent collection of cerebrospinal fluid and bodily organs. This facilitates the investigation of drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in animal models for developing new treatments.

用于药代动力学和药效学研究的脑室内药物输送和取样

Although the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from foreign entities, it also prevents some therapeutics from crossing into the central nervous ...

同时记录脑电图的大鼠脑脊液和血液

Sampling Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood from Lateral Tail Vein in Rats During EEG Recordings

Because the composition of body fluids reflects many physiological and pathological dynamics, biological liquid samples are commonly obtained in many experimental contexts to measure molecules of interest, such as hormones, growth factors, proteins, or small non-coding RNAs. A specific example is the sampling of biological liquids in the research of biomarkers for epilepsy. In these studies, it is desirable to compare the levels of molecules in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in plasma, by withdrawing CSF and plasma in parallel and considering the time distance of the sampling from and to seizures. The combined CSF and plasma sampling, coupled with video-EEG monitoring in epileptic animals, is a promising approach for the validation of putative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Here, a procedure of combined CSF withdrawal from cisterna magna and blood sampling from the lateral tail vein in epileptic rats that are continuously video-EEG monitored is described. This procedure offers significant advantages over other commonly used techniques. It permits rapid sampling with minimal pain or invasiveness, and reduced time of anesthesia. Additionally, it can be used to obtain CSF and plasma samples in both tethered and telemetry EEG recorded rats, and it may be used repeatedly across multiple days of experiment. By minimizing the stress due to sampling by shortening isoflurane anesthesia, measures are expected to reflect more accurately the true levels of investigated molecules in biofluids. Depending on the availability of an appropriate analytical assay, this technique may be used to measure the levels of multiple, different molecules while performing EEG recording at the same time.

作者聚焦:获取高质量的 CSF 和血液样本以发现癫痫生物标志物 

The protocol shows repeated cerebrospinal fluid and blood collections from epileptic rats performed in parallel with continuous video-electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring. These are instrumental for exploring possible links between changes in various body fluid molecules and seizure activity.

在脑电图记录期间从大鼠的侧尾静脉采集脑脊液和血液

Because the composition of body fluids reflects many physiological and pathological dynamics, biological liquid samples are commonly obtained in many ...

一个串行收集脑脊液从池鼠标麦格纳技术

摘要

探索更多视频

脑脊液分离解剖大脑皮质外植体使用的啮齿动物胚胎

一种改进的麻醉小鼠脑脊液采集方法

将套管植入啮齿动物的麦格纳池中

使用荧光宏镜检查,通过"完整小鼠头骨"进行脑脊液传输的 Vivo 成像

小鼠体内合成蛋白的定量测量

直接插管植入猪的蓄水池

立体定位手术方法，通过大水池在小鼠中显微注射尾部脑干和上颈椎脊髓

用于药代动力学和药效学研究的脑室内药物输送和取样

用于药代动力学和药效学研究的脑室内药物输送和取样

在脑电图记录期间从大鼠的侧尾静脉采集脑脊液和血液

一个串行收集脑脊液从池鼠标麦格纳技术

摘要

探索更多视频

脑脊液分离解剖大脑皮质外植体使用的啮齿动物胚胎

一种改进的麻醉小鼠脑脊液采集方法

将套管植入啮齿动物的麦格纳池中

使用荧光宏镜检查,通过"完整小鼠头骨"进行脑脊液传输的 Vivo 成像

小鼠体内合成蛋白的定量测量

直接插管植入猪的蓄水池

立体定位手术方法 ，通过 大水池在小鼠中显微注射尾部脑干和上颈椎脊髓

用于药代动力学和药效学研究的脑室内药物输送和取样

用于药代动力学和药效学研究的脑室内药物输送和取样

在脑电图记录期间从大鼠的侧尾静脉采集脑脊液和血液

立体定位手术方法，通过大水池在小鼠中显微注射尾部脑干和上颈椎脊髓