Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials

The spin echo resolved grazing incidence scattering (SERGIS) technique has been used to probe the length-scales associated with irregularly shaped ...

University of Sheffield

Depletion of PCBM at the cathode interface in P3HT/PCBM thin films as quantified via neutron reflectivity measurements.

&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x91CF; poly(styrene-b-isoprene) &#x5D4C;&#x6BB5;&#x5171;&#x805A;&#x7269;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x975E;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x6027;&#x6EB6;&#x5242;&#x4E2D;&#x6240;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x4E0E;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x8D85;&#x5C0F;&#x89D2; x &#x5C04;&#x7EBF;&#x6563;&#x5C04; &#xFF08;USAXS&#xFF09; &#x548C;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x5149;&#x8C31;&#x6D4B;&#x5B9A;&#x6CD5;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3002;&#x5C0F;&#x5E45;&#x5EA6;&#x526A;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x6709;&#x5E8F;&#x548C;&#x9762;&#x5411;&#x56FD;&#x5BB6;&#x6301;&#x7EED;&#x8F83;&#x957F;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x8FD8;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x4F18;&#x5F02;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x53EF;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5F52;&#x56E0;&#x4E8E;&#x4ECB;&#x89C2;&#x5757;&#x5171;&#x805A;&#x7269; (BCP) &#x5F62;&#x6001;&#x7684;&#x5171;&#x805A;&#x7269;&#x6EB6;&#x6DB2;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5DF2;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6750;&#x6599;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4F4E;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x91CF; poly(isoprene) &#x548C;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x805A;&#x82EF;&#x4E59;&#x70EF;&#x81A8;&#x80C0;&#x5404;&#x81EA;&#x57DF;&#x5185;&#x5D4C;&#x6BB5;&#x5171;&#x805A;&#x7269;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x8C03;&#x8C10;&#x5149;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x5CF0;&#x503C;&#x4E3A; diblocks &#xFF1B;&#x4ECE; 670 k &#x5D4C;&#x6BB5;&#x3001; 850 k &#x5D4C;&#x6BB5; 425 nm 540 nm &#x548C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#x6EB6;&#x6DB2;&#x7684;&#x6D53;&#x5EA6;&#x548C;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x7684; 100 &#x4E07;&#x5D4C;&#x6BB5; 541 nm 625 nm &#x7684; 380 nm 440 &#x725B;&#x7C73;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x5149;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x5CF0;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x534A;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x5BBD;&#x5EA6;&#x662F;&#x5C0F;&#x5230; 15 &#x5728; 473 nm nm &#x4E0E; &Delta;&lambda;/&lambda; 0.03&#xFF0C;&#x7A81;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x8D28;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x8DE8;&#x5BBD;&#x89C6;&#x89D2;&#x6307;&#x51FA;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x5CF0;&#x503C;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x5C0F;&#x8F6C;&#x53D8; (15 30 &deg; nm&#xFF09; &#x6697;&#x793A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6750;&#x6599;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5927;&#x9762;&#x79EF;&#x7A84;&#x5E26;&#x6EE4;&#x5149;&#x7247;&#x3002;

&#x526A;&#x5207;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5D4C;&#x6BB5;&#x5171;&#x805A;&#x7269;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x8C03;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x6027;&#x8D28;&#x3002;

A series of high molecular weight poly(styrene-b-isoprene) block copolymers with optical properties defined by composition in a non-selective solvent were studied using simultaneous ultra small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and optical spectrometry. A small magnitude shear produces ordered and oriented states in the copolymer solutions that persist for extended periods of time, and also have superior optical properties that are directly attributable to the mesoscopic block copolymer (BCP) morphology. We have demonstrated that the optical transmission of these materials can be tuned by the addition of low molecular weight poly(isoprene) and poly(styrene) to swell their respective domains within the diblock copolymer. The optical transmission peak for the diblocks could be tuned; from 380 nm-440 nm for the 670k diblock, 425 nm-540 nm for the 850k diblock and 541 nm-625 nm for the 1 million diblock by altering the solution concentration and composition. The full width at half maximum that can be achieved for the optical transmission peaks is as small as 15 nm at 473 nm with a Î”Î»/Î» of 0.03, highlighting the high quality ordering in these systems. Also a small shift in the transmission peak wavelength was observed across a wide angle of view (15 nm at 30Â°) suggesting that these materials could be used for large area narrow band optical filters.

Shear ordered diblock copolymers with tuneable optical properties.

Une s&eacute;rie de poids mol&eacute;culaire &eacute;lev&eacute; poly(styrene-b-isoprene) block copolymers avec des propri&eacute;t&eacute;s optiques, d&eacute;finies par la composition dans un solvant non s&eacute;lectif ont &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;tudi&eacute;s par diffusion des rayons x de simultan&eacute;e ultra petit angle (USAXS) et de la spectrom&eacute;trie optique. Un cisaillement de faible ampleur produit les &Eacute;tats ordonn&eacute;s et orient&eacute;s dans les solutions de copolym&egrave;re qui persistent pendant de longues p&eacute;riodes de temps et ont &eacute;galement des propri&eacute;t&eacute;s optiques sup&eacute;rieures qui sont directement attribuables &agrave; la morphologie de copolym&egrave;re (BCP) du bloc m&eacute;soscopique. Nous avons d&eacute;montr&eacute; que la transmission optique de ces mat&eacute;riaux peut &ecirc;tre r&eacute;gl&eacute;e par l&#39;ajout de faible poids mol&eacute;culaire poly(isoprene) et poly(styrene) &agrave; gonfler leurs domaines respectifs dans les copolym&egrave;res dibloc. Le pic de transmission optique pour l&#39;on pourrait &ecirc;tre &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;coute ; de 380 nm &agrave; 440 nm pour le dibloc k 670, 425 nm-540 nm pour la dibloc k 850 et 541 nm-625 nm pour le dibloc 1 million en modifiant la concentration de la solution et la composition. La largeur &agrave; mi-hauteur, ce qui est possible pour les pics de transmission optique est aussi petite que 15 nm &agrave; 473 nm avec un &Delta;&lambda;/&lambda; de 0,03, mettant en &eacute;vidence la haute qualit&eacute; que vous passez votre commande dans ces syst&egrave;mes. Aussi un petit d&eacute;calage dans la longueur d&#39;onde du pic de transmission a &eacute;t&eacute; observ&eacute; &agrave; travers un large angle de vue (15 nm &agrave; 30 &deg;) ce qui sugg&egrave;re que ces mat&eacute;riaux pourrait servir &agrave; grande surface &eacute;troite filtres optiques de bande.

Cisaillement copolym&egrave;res dibloc ordonn&eacute;e avec les propri&eacute;t&eacute;s optiques accordables.

Eine Reihe von hochmolekularen poly(styrene-b-isoprene)-Block-Copolymeren mit optischen Eigenschaften von Komposition in einem selektiven L&ouml;sungsmittel definiert wurden mit gleichzeitigen extrem kleine Gekr&ouml;pfte R&ouml;ntgenstreuung (MATERIALPHYSIK) und optischen Spektrometrie untersucht. Eine kleine Gr&ouml;&szlig;enordnung Scherung produziert geordnete und orientierte Staaten in der Copolymer-L&ouml;sungen, die f&uuml;r l&auml;ngere Zeit beibehalten, und haben auch hervorragende optische Eigenschaften, die direkt auf der mesoskopischen Block Copolymer (BCP) Morphologie zur&uuml;ckzuf&uuml;hren sind. Wir haben bewiesen, dass die optische &Uuml;bertragung dieser Materialien durch Zugabe von niedermolekularen poly(isoprene) und poly(styrene) zu ihren jeweiligen Dom&auml;nen innerhalb der Diblock Copolymer Schwellen optimiert werden kann. Die optische &Uuml;bertragung Peak f&uuml;r die Diblocks optimiert werden k&ouml;nnte; von 380 nm-440 nm f&uuml;r die 670 k Diblock, 425 nm-540 nm f&uuml;r die 850 k Diblock und 541 nm-625 nm f&uuml;r die 1 Million Diblock durch &Auml;nderung der L&ouml;sungskonzentration und Zusammensetzung. Die volle Breite am halben Maximum, die f&uuml;r die optische &Uuml;bertragung-Gipfel erreicht werden kann ist so klein wie 15 nm bei 473 nm mit einer &Delta;&lambda;/&lambda; von 0,03, Hervorhebung der hohen Qualit&auml;t, die in diesen Systemen bestellen. Auch eine kleine Verschiebung in die Spitzenwellenl&auml;nge &Uuml;bertragung &uuml;ber einen breiten Blickwinkel beobachtet wurde (15 nm bei 30 &deg; c)-Band optische Filter schmal darauf hindeutet, dass diese Materialien f&uuml;r gro&szlig;fl&auml;chige verwendet werden konnte.

Scheren Sie, geordnete Diblock Copolymere mit Durchstimmbare optische Eigenschaften.

Una serie di copolimeri a blocchi poly(styrene-b-isoprene) ad alto peso molecolare con propriet&agrave; ottiche definito dalla composizione in un solvente non-selettivo sono stati studiati usando simultanea ultra piccolo angolo dispersione di raggi x (USAXS) e spettrometria ottica. Un taglio di piccola grandezza produce stati ordinati e orientati nelle soluzioni del copolimero che persistono per lunghi periodi di tempo e hanno anche propriet&agrave; ottiche superiori che sono direttamente imputabili alla morfologia mesoscopiche blocco copolimero (BCP). Abbiamo dimostrato che la trasmissione ottica di questi materiali pu&ograve; essere sintonizzata con l&#39;aggiunta di basso peso molecolare di poly(isoprene) e poly(styrene) a gonfiare i loro rispettivi domini all&#39;interno del copolimero diblock. Il picco di trasmissione ottica per la diblocks poteva essere sintonizzato; da 380 nm-440 nm per il 670 diblock k, 425 nm-540 nm per l&#39;850 k diblock e 541 nm-625 nm per la 1 milione diblock alterando la concentrazione della soluzione e la composizione. L&#39;intera larghezza a met&agrave; altezza che pu&ograve; essere raggiunto per i picchi di trasmissione ottica &egrave; piccola come 15 nm a 473 nm con un &Delta;&lambda;/&lambda; di 0,03, evidenziando l&#39;alta qualit&agrave; ordinando in questi sistemi. &Egrave; stato osservato anche un piccolo cambiamento nella lunghezza d&#39;onda del picco di trasmissione attraverso un ampio angolo di visualizzazione (15 nm a 30 &deg;) suggerendo che questi materiali potrebbero essere utilizzati per grande area stretta filtri ottici band.

Taglio ordinato diblock copolimeri con propriet&agrave; ottiche modulabile.

&#x975E;&#x9078;&#x629E;&#x6EB6;&#x5A92;&#x7D44;&#x6210;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x3068;&#x9AD8;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x91CF; poly(styrene-b-isoprene) &#x30D6;&#x30ED;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x5171;&#x91CD;&#x5408;&#x4F53;&#x30B7;&#x30EA;&#x30FC;&#x30BA;&#x540C;&#x6642;&#x6975;&#x5C0F;&#x89D2; x &#x7DDA;&#x6563;&#x4E71; (&#x6975;&#x5C0F;&#x89D2;) &#x3068;&#x767A;&#x5149;&#x5206;&#x5149;&#x6CD5;&#x3092;&#x7528;&#x3044;&#x305F;&#x691C;&#x8A0E;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x5C0F;&#x3055;&#x3044;&#x30DE;&#x30B0;&#x30CB;&#x30C1;&#x30E5;&#x30FC;&#x30C9;&#x305B;&#x3093;&#x65AD;&#x9806;&#x5E8F;&#x3068;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x306E;&#x72B6;&#x614B;&#x3067;&#x9577;&#x671F;&#x9593;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x307E;&#x305F;&#x30E1;&#x30BE;&#x30B9;&#x30B3; &#x30D4;&#x30C3;&#x30AF; &#x30D6;&#x30ED;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x5171;&#x91CD;&#x5408;&#x4F53; (BCP) &#x5F62;&#x614B;&#x306B;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8D77;&#x56E0;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x512A;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x3092;&#x6301;&#x3064;&#x30D6;&#x30ED;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x30B3;&#x30DD;&#x30EA;&#x30DE;&#x30FC;&#x6EB6;&#x6DB2;&#x3092;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x3005; &#x306F;&#x4F4E;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x91CF; poly(isoprene) &#x3068;&#x3001;&#x305D;&#x308C;&#x305E;&#x308C;&#x306E;&#x30C9;&#x30E1;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x5185;&#x30B8;&#x30D6;&#x30ED;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x5171;&#x91CD;&#x5408;&#x4F53;&#x306E;&#x3046;&#x306D;&#x308A;&#x3092;&#x30DD;&#x30EA;&#x30B9;&#x30C1;&#x30EC;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x6750;&#x6599;&#x306E;&#x5149;&#x4F1D;&#x9001;&#x3092;&#x30C1;&#x30E5;&#x30FC;&#x30CB;&#x30F3;&#x30B0;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x5B9F;&#x8A3C;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;Diblocks &#x306E;&#x30D4;&#x30FC;&#x30AF;&#x306F;&#x5149;&#x4F1D;&#x9001;&#x3092;&#x8ABF;&#x6574;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x304C;;670 k &#x30B8;&#x30D6;&#x30ED;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;, 850 k &#x30B8;&#x30D6;&#x30ED;&#x30C3;&#x30AF; 425 nm 540 nm &#x3068;&#x6EB6;&#x6DB2;&#x6FC3;&#x5EA6;&#x3068;&#x7D44;&#x6210;&#x3092;&#x5909;&#x3048;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066; 100 &#x4E07;&#x30B8;&#x30D6;&#x30ED;&#x30C3;&#x30AF; 541 nm 625 nm &#x3068; 380 &#x306E; nm 440 nm &#x304B;&#x3089;&#x3002;&#x5149;&#x4F1D;&#x9001;&#x306E;&#x30D4;&#x30FC;&#x30AF;&#x3092;&#x9054;&#x6210;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x304C;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x534A;&#x5206;&#x306E;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x5168;&#x89D2; 15 &#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x5C0F;&#x3055;&#x3044;&#x3067;&#x3059; nm &#x306E; 473 nm &Delta;&lambda;/&lambda; 0.03&#x3001;&#x6CE8;&#x6587;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30E0;&#x3067;&#x9AD8;&#x54C1;&#x8CEA;&#x3092;&#x5F37;&#x8ABF;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x306E;&#x3068;&#x3002;&#x307E;&#x305F;&#x4F1D;&#x9001;&#x306E;&#x30D4;&#x30FC;&#x30AF;&#x6CE2;&#x9577;&#x306E;&#x5C0F;&#x3055;&#x306A;&#x30B7;&#x30D5;&#x30C8;&#x5E83;&#x89D2;&#x30D3;&#x30E5;&#x30FC;&#x306E;&#x9593;&#x3067;&#x89B3;&#x5BDF;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F; (15 nm &#x306E; 30 &deg;) &#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x6750;&#x6599;&#x3092;&#x5927;&#x304D;&#x306A;&#x9762;&#x7A4D;&#x3092;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x5506;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x72ED;&#x5E2F;&#x57DF;&#x5149;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30EB;&#x30BF;&#x30FC;&#x3002;

&#x305B;&#x3093;&#x65AD;&#x30B8;&#x30D6;&#x30ED;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x5171;&#x91CD;&#x5408;&#x4F53;&#x53EF;&#x5909;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x306E;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x3092;&#x547D;&#x3058;&#x305F;&#x3002;

&#xBE44; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xC801; &#xC6A9; &#xB9E4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xC758; &#xACB0;&#xD569;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xC815;&#xC758; &#xB41C; &#xAD11;&#xD559; &#xD2B9;&#xC131;&#xC744; &#xAC00;&#xC9C4; &#xACE0; &#xBD84;&#xC790;&#xB7C9; poly(styrene-b-isoprene) &#xBE14;&#xB85D; &#xACF5;&#xC911; &#xD569;&#xCCB4;&#xC758; &#xC2DC;&#xB9AC;&#xC988; &#xB3D9;&#xC2DC; &#xB9E4;&#xC6B0; &#xC791;&#xC740; &#xAC01; x &#xC120; &#xC0B0;&#xB780; (USAXS) &#xBC0F; &#xAD11; &#xBD84;&#xC11D;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; &#xACF5;&#xBD80; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. &#xC791;&#xC740; &#xD06C;&#xAE30; &#xC804;&#xB2E8; &#xCF54; &#xD3F4;&#xB9AC;&#xBA38; &#xC194;&#xB8E8;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC624;&#xB79C;&#xB41C; &#xAE30;&#xAC04;&#xC744; &#xC720;&#xC9C0; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xB610;&#xD55C; &#xC9C1;&#xC811; &#xC0DD;&#xCCB4; &#xBE14;&#xB85D; &#xCF54; &#xD3F4;&#xB9AC;&#xBA38; (BCP) &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xC5D0; &#xAE30;&#xC778; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC6B0;&#xC218;&#xD55C; &#xAD11;&#xD559; &#xC18D;&#xC131;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC815;&#xB82C; &#xBC0F; &#xC9C0;&#xD5A5; &#xC0C1;&#xD0DC;&#xB97C; &#xC0DD;&#xC131; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC;&#xB294; &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC790;&#xB8CC;&#xC758; &#xAD11; &#xC804;&#xC1A1; &#xCD94;&#xAC00; &#xB0AE;&#xC740; &#xBD84;&#xC790;&#xB7C9; poly(isoprene) &#xBC0F; poly(styrene) diblock &#xCF54; &#xD3F4;&#xB9AC;&#xBA38; &#xB0B4;&#xC758; &#xAC01; &#xB3C4;&#xBA54;&#xC778; &#xADF8;&#xB4E4;&#xC758; &#xD33D;&#xCC3D;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xC870;&#xC815; &#xB420; &#xC218; &#xC99D;&#xBA85; &#xD558;&#xACE0;&#xC788;&#xB2E4;. &#xAD11; &#xC804;&#xC1A1; &#xD53C;&#xD06C;&#xB294; diblocks&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC870;&#xC815; &#xB420; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;; 670 k diblock, 850 k diblock&#xC5D0; 425 nm-540 nm&#xC640; &#xC194;&#xB8E8;&#xC158; &#xB18D;&#xB3C4; &#xBC0F; &#xC870;&#xC131; &#xBCC0;&#xACBD; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; 1 &#xBC31;&#xB9CC; diblock&#xC5D0; 541 nm-625 nm 380 nm-440 nm&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xAD11; &#xC804;&#xC1A1; &#xD53C;&#xD06C;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC5BB;&#xC744; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xCD5C;&#xB300;&#xC758; &#xBC18; &#xC804;&#xCCB4; &#xD3ED;&#xC740; &#xC791;&#xC740; 15 473 nm nm &Delta;&lambda;/&lambda;&#xC758; 0.03, &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C;&#xC744; &#xC8FC;&#xBB38; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xB192;&#xC740; &#xD488;&#xC9C8;&#xC744; &#xAC15;&#xC870; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xB610;&#xD55C; &#xC804;&#xC1A1; &#xD53C;&#xD06C; &#xD30C;&#xC7A5;&#xC5D0; &#xC791;&#xC740; &#xBCC0;&#xD654;&#xAC00; &#xBCF4;&#xAE30;&#xC758; &#xB113;&#xC740; &#xAC01;&#xB3C4; &#xAD00;&#xCE21; &#xD588;&#xB2E4; (15 nm 30 &deg;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;) &#xBC34;&#xB4DC; &#xAD11;&#xD559; &#xD544;&#xD130; &#xBC94;&#xC704;&#xB97C; &#xC881;&#xD790; &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC790;&#xB8CC; &#xB113;&#xC740; &#xC9C0;&#xC5ED;&#xC5D0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xB420; &#xC218; &#xC81C;&#xC548;.

&#xC804;&#xB2E8; tuneable &#xAD11;&#xD559; &#xC18D;&#xC131; diblock &#xACF5;&#xC911; &#xD569;&#xCCB4;&#xB97C; &#xC9C0;&#xC2DC; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

Una serie de copol&iacute;meros de bloque de poly(styrene-b-isoprene) de alto peso molecular con propiedades &oacute;pticas, definidos por la composici&oacute;n en un solvente no selectivo se estudiaron mediante dispersi&oacute;n de rayos-x de &aacute;ngulo peque&ntilde;o ultra simult&aacute;nea (USAXS) y espectrometr&iacute;a &oacute;ptica. Una corte de peque&ntilde;a magnitud produce Estados ordenados y orientados en las soluciones de copol&iacute;mero que persisten por largos per&iacute;odos de tiempo y tambi&eacute;n tienen propiedades &oacute;pticas superiores que sean directamente atribuibles a la morfolog&iacute;a de mesosc&oacute;pica bloque copol&iacute;mero (BCP). Hemos demostrado que la transmisi&oacute;n &oacute;ptica de estos materiales puede ajustarse mediante la adici&oacute;n de bajo peso molecular poly(isoprene) y poly(styrene) a engrosar sus respectivos dominios en el copol&iacute;mero de diblock. El pico de transmisi&oacute;n &oacute;ptica para el diblocks podr&iacute;a ajustarse; de 380 nm-440 nm para el 670 k diblock, 425 nm-540 nm para el 850 k diblock y 541 nm-625 nm para el diblock 1 mill&oacute;n alterando la concentraci&oacute;n de la soluci&oacute;n y la composici&oacute;n. El ancho total a media m&aacute;xima que puede obtenerse de los picos de transmisi&oacute;n &oacute;ptica es tan peque&ntilde;o como 15 nm a 473 nm con un &Delta;&lambda;/&lambda; de 0.03, destacando la alta calidad de pedidos en estos sistemas. Tambi&eacute;n se observ&oacute; un peque&ntilde;o cambio en la longitud de onda m&aacute;xima de transmisi&oacute;n a trav&eacute;s de un amplio &aacute;ngulo de visi&oacute;n (15 nm a 30 &ordm;) lo que sugiere que estos materiales pod&iacute;an utilizarse para la &aacute;rea extensa estrecho filtros &oacute;pticos de la banda.

Corte ordenadas copol&iacute;meros de diblock con propiedades &oacute;pticas sintonizables.

Spin coating polymer blend thin films provides a method to produce multiphase functional layers of high uniformity covering large surface areas. Applications for such layers include photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes where performance relies upon the nanoscale phase separation morphology of the spun film. Furthermore, at micrometer scales, phase separation provides a route to produce self-organized structures for templating applications. Understanding the factors that determine the final phase-separated morphology in these systems is consequently an important goal. However, it has to date proved problematic to fully test theoretical models for phase separation during spin coating, due to the high spin speeds, which has limited the spatial resolution of experimental data obtained during the coating process. Without this fundamental understanding, production of optimized micro- and nanoscale structures is hampered. Here, we have employed synchronized stroboscopic illumination together with the high light gathering sensitivity of an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device camera to optically observe structure evolution in such blends during spin coating. Furthermore the use of monochromatic illumination has allowed interference reconstruction of three-dimensional topographies of the spin-coated film as it dries and phase separates with nanometer precision. We have used this new method to directly observe the phase separation process during spinning for a polymer blend (PS-PI) for the first time, providing new insights into the spin-coating process and opening up a route to understand and control phase separation structures.

In situ imaging and height reconstruction of phase separation processes in polymer blends during spin coating.

We have investigated a novel method of remotely switching the conformation of a weak polybase brush using an applied voltage. Surface-grafted polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit rich responsive behavior and show great promise as "smart surfaces", but existing switching methods involve physically or chemically changing the solution in contact with the brush. In this study, high grafting density poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes were grown from silicon surfaces using atom transfer radical polymerization. Optical ellipsometry and neutron reflectivity were used to measure changes in the profiles of the brushes in response to DC voltages applied between the brush substrate and a parallel electrode some distance away in the surrounding liquid (water or D(2)O). Positive voltages were shown to cause swelling, while negative voltages in some cases caused deswelling. Neutron reflectometry experiments were carried out on the INTER reflectometer (ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK) allowing time-resolved measurements of polymer brush structure. The PDMAEMA brushes were shown to have a polymer volume fraction profile described by a Gaussian-terminated parabola both in the equilibrium and in the partially swollen states. At very high positive voltages (in this study, positive bias means positive voltage to the brush-bearing substrate), the brush chains were shown to be stretched to an extent comparable to their contour length, before being physically removed from the interface. Voltage-induced swelling was shown to exhibit a wider range of brush swelling states in comparison to pH switching, with the additional advantages that the stimulus is remotely controlled and may be fully automated.

Andrew J. Parnell

Department of Physics and Astronomy

University of Sheffield

Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials

Andrew J. Parnell

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Department of Physics and Astronomy

University of Sheffield

Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials

Department of Physics and Astronomy