Chapter 13
Economics for Labor Markets
Produktionsfaktoren
Production involves the creation of physical products such as cars, televisions, and pens or intangible products such as education, travel, and cleaning ...
Die Nachfrage nach Arbeitskräften: fest
For a firm, demand for a factor of production, such as labor, is the number of employees it seeks to hire during a given time period for a particular ...
Der Wettbewerbsgewinn, der die Nachfrage nach Arbeitskräften des Unternehmens maximiert: Annahmen
A few assumptions are made to analyze the demand for labor by a firm.
Consider a firm operating a mango orchard. The firm is assumed to be ...
Das Grenzprodukt der Arbeit I
The marginal product of labor, or MP_L, is the additional output that results from adding one more unit of labor, holding all other inputs constant.
For ...
Das Grenzprodukt der Arbeit II
The marginal product of labor or MP_L is calculated as the quotient of change in the quantity of output to change in the quantity of labor while keeping ...
Der Wert des Grenzprodukts der Arbeit und der Nachfrage nach Arbeit
The marginal product of labor or MP_L shows the additional units of the product manufactured by hiring another unit of labor while keeping other inputs ...
Die Entscheidung des wettbewerbsfähigen Unternehmens, Arbeitskräfte einzustellen
For a competitive firm, such as a mango orchard, the value of the marginal product curve or VMPL is the labor-demand curve.
This firm faces a ...
Die Marktnachfrage nach Arbeitskräften
In a perfectly competitive labor market, numerous firms or employers demand services of labor. Workers are paid wages for the services that they offer to ...
Das Marktangebot an Arbeitskräften
Labor is a unique factor of production. While labor is demanded by firms, it is supplied by individuals living in households.
The market supply curve of ...
Gleichgewicht auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
In a competitive labor market, where numerous firms buy labor services, and many workers sell them, the equilibrium wage rate is set by labor demand and ...
Verschiebung der Arbeitsnachfrage I
The market demand curve for labor is downward sloping. It reflects the value of the marginal product of labor.
When the price of the product changes, it ...
Verschiebung der Arbeitsnachfrage II
Technological changes can shift the market demand curve for labor. If the new technology complements labor productivity, the demand for labor will shift ...
Verschiebung des Arbeitskräfteangebots
A rightward shift in the supply curve for the labor market shows an increase in the labor supply. This means that more workers are willing to work at each ...
Auswirkung auf das Gleichgewicht: Verschiebung des Arbeitskräfteangebots
A shift in the market supply of labor affects the equilibrium wage in the labor market.
Consider a perfectly competitive labor market where agriculturists ...
Effekt auf das Gleichgewicht: Verschiebung der Arbeitsnachfrage
The market demand curve for labor also reflects the value of the marginal product of labor or VMPL. So, something that changes the VMPL, such as an ...
Der Zielkonflikt zwischen Arbeit und Freizeit
In economics, time usually has two uses. People either work or spend time on leisure.
People earn wages by working. These wages are the income used to ...
Rückwärtsbeugung des Angebots an Arbeitskräften
The labor supply curve of an individual shows the relation between wage rate and the quantity of labor supplied measured in hours worked.
The reservation ...
Die anderen Produktionsfaktoren
Apart from labor, there are two other important factors of production for which the firm wants to determine the optimum level to be used. These are land ...
Gleichgewichtsrente: Der Markt für Grundstücke
The landowners supply land, and producers rent it.
For example, farmers rent land to grow corn.
When landowners charge higher rent, the quantity of land ...
Gleichgewichtsrente: Der Markt für Kapital
Capital is used to produce goods and services. For an orchard, capital includes heavy machines such as tractors and simple equipment such as ladders and ...
Verknüpfungen zwischen den Produktionsfaktoren
Factors of production are interlinked.
For example, a natural calamity that leads to the loss of human lives decreases the market supply of labor. This ...
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